I-Glucosamine Hydrochloride

Umxholo

• Akukho bungqina baneleyo bokulinganisa ukusebenza ...
• Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nezilumkiso:

I-Glucosamine siswekile ye-amino eveliswa ngokwendalo ebantwini. Ikwafumaneka nakwigobolondo lolwandle, okanye inokwenziwa elebhu. I-Glucosamine hydrochloride yenye yeendlela ezininzi ze-glucosamine.

Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde iilebheli zeemveliso ze-glucosamine ngononophelo kuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeglucosamine zithengiswa njengezongezo. Ezi mveliso zinokuba ne-glucosamine sulphate, i-glucosamine hydrochloride, okanye i-N-acetyl glucosamine. Ezi khemikhali zahlukeneyo zinokufana okufanayo. Kodwa azinakuba neziphumo ezifanayo xa zithathwa njengesongezelelo sokutya. Uninzi lophando lwenzululwazi kwi-glucosamine lwenziwe kusetyenziswa i-glucosamine sulfate. Jonga uluhlu olwahlukileyo lweglucosamine sulphate. Ulwazi olukweli phepha malunga ne-glucosamine hydrochloride.

Izongezo zokutya eziqulathe i-glucosamine zihlala ziqukethe izithako ezongezelelweyo. Ezi zinto zongezwayo zihlala zikhona i-chondroitin sulfate, i-MSM, okanye i-shark cartilage. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba ezi ndibaniselwano zisebenza ngcono kunokuthatha nje i-glucosamine yodwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaphandi abafumananga bungqina bokuba ukudibanisa ezinye izithako kunye ne-glucosamine kongeza nasiphi na isibonelelo.

Iimveliso eziqukethe i-glucosamine kunye ne-glucosamine kunye ne-chondroitin ziyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye aziqulathanga okubhaliweyo kwilebhile. Umahluko ungasuka kwi-25% ukuya kwi-115%. Ezinye iimveliso e-US ezinelebhile ye-glucosamine sulphate ngokwenene yi-glucosamine hydrochloride ene-sulphate eyongeziweyo. Le mveliso iya kuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo kunaleyo ine-glucosamine sulfate.

I-Glucosamine hydrochloride isetyenziselwa i-osteoarthritis, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-glaucoma, ingxaki yomhlathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-temporomandibular disorder (TMD), iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nezinye iimeko ezininzi, kodwa akukho bungqina benzululwazi obuxhasa ezi zinto zisetyenziswayo.

Amayeza endalo aVimba weDatha Ukusebenza kwexabiso ngokusekwe kubungqina besayensi ngokwala manqanaba alandelayo: Ukusebenza, ukusebenza ngokukuko, okunokwenzeka ukuba kusebenze, okungenzeka kungasebenzi, kunokwenzeka ukungasebenzi, ukungasebenzi, kunye nobungqina obungonelanga bokulinganisa.

Ukulinganiswa kokusebenza kwe IGLUCOSAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE zezi zilandelayo:

Akukho bungqina baneleyo bokulinganisa ukusebenza ...

• Isifo sentliziyo. Abantu abathatha i-glucosamine banokuba nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Kodwa akucaci ukuba yeyiphi idosi okanye uhlobo lweglucosamine enokusebenza ngcono. Ezinye iintlobo zeglucosamine zibandakanya i-glucosamine sulphate kunye ne-N-acetyl glucosamine. Akukacaci nokuba lo mngcipheko usezantsi uvela kwi-glucosamine okanye ekulandeleni imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni.
• Uxinzelelo. Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kwiiveki ezi-4 kunokuphucula iimpawu zokudakumba kwabanye abantu abanexinzelelo.
• Seswekile. Abantu abathatha i-glucosamine banokuba nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuba nesifo seswekile. Kodwa akucaci ukuba yeyiphi idosi okanye uhlobo lweglucosamine enokusebenza ngcono. Ezinye iintlobo zeglucosamine zibandakanya i-glucosamine sulphate kunye ne-N-acetyl glucosamine. Akukacaci nokuba lo mngcipheko usezantsi uvela kwi-glucosamine okanye ekulandeleni imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni.
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol okanye amanye amafutha (lipids) egazini (hyperlipidemia). Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba i-glucosamine hydrochloride ayichaphazeli i-cholesterol okanye amanqanaba e-triglyceride kubantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela amathambo kunye namalungu, ihlala inabantu abanesiphene se-selenium (isifo seKashin-Beck). Ubungqina bokuqala bubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye ne-chondroitin sulphate kunciphisa iintlungu kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza komzimba kubantu abadala abanesifo seethambo kunye nokudibana okubizwa ngokuba sisifo seKashin-Beck. Iziphumo ze-glucosamine sulphate kwiimpawu zesifo seKashin-Beck zixutywe xa isongezelelo sithathwa njengearhente enye.
• Intlungu yedolo. Kukho ubungqina bokuqala bokuba i-glucosamine hydrochloride inokunciphisa iintlungu kwabanye abantu abaneentlungu ezixhaphakileyo emadolweni. Kodwa olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye nezinye izithako akuyiphelisi intlungu okanye kuphucule amandla okuhamba kwabantu abaneentlungu emadolweni.
• Osteoarthritis. Kukho ubungqina obuphikisanayo malunga nokusebenza kwe-glucosamine hydrochloride ye-osteoarthritis. Uninzi lobungqina obuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweglucosamine hydrochloride buvela kwizifundo zemveliso ethile (iCosaminDS). Le mveliso iqulethe indibanisela yeglucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, kunye ne-manganese ascorbate. Obunye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba olu manyano lunokuphucula iintlungu kubantu abane-osteoarthritis yamadolo. Olu dibana lunokusebenza ngcono kubantu abane-osteoarthritis enobulali ukuya kokumodareyitha kunabantu abane-osteoarthritis ebukhali. Enye imveliso (Gurukosamin & Kondoroichin) equlathe i-glucosamine hydrochloride, i-chondroitin sulphate, kunye ne-quercetin glycosides ikwabonakala ngathi iphucula iimpawu zamadolo e-osteoarthritis.
  Iziphumo zokuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye ne-chondroitin sulfate kuphela zixutywe. Obunye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ukuthatha imveliso ethile (iDroglican) equlathe i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye ne-chondroitin sulfate kunciphisa iintlungu kubantu abadala abanedolo le-osteoarthritis. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba iifomula eziqukethe i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye ne-chondroitin sulfate azisebenzi ekunciphiseni iintlungu kwizigulana ezinedolo le-osteoarthritis.
  Uninzi lophando lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride iyodwa ayinciphisi zintlungu kubantu abane-osteoarthritis emadolweni.
  Olunye uphando lwenziwe kwi-glucosamine sulphate (jonga uluhlu olwahlukileyo) kunakwiglucosamine hydrochloride. Kukho ukucinga ukuba i-glucosamine sulphate inokusebenza ngakumbi kune-glucosamine hydrochloride ye-osteoarthritis. Uninzi lophando ngokuthelekisa ezi ndlela zimbini ze-glucosamine alubonisi mahluko. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphandi baye bagxeka umgangatho kwezinye zezi zifundo.
• Isifo samathambo (RA). Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha imveliso ethile ye-glucosamine hydrochloride (Rohto Pharmaceuticals Co.) ngokudibeneyo nonyango lonyango kunciphisa iintlungu xa kuthelekiswa nepilisi yeswekile. Nangona kunjalo, le mveliso ayibonakali inciphisa ukudumba okanye ukunciphisa inani lamalungu abuhlungu okanye adumbileyo.
• Ukubetha. Abantu abathatha i-glucosamine banokuba nomngcipheko omncinci wokuba nesifo. Kodwa akucaci ukuba yeyiphi idosi okanye uhlobo lweglucosamine enokusebenza ngcono. Ezinye iintlobo zeglucosamine zibandakanya i-glucosamine sulphate kunye ne-N-acetyl glucosamine. Akukacaci nokuba lo mngcipheko usezantsi uvela kwi-glucosamine okanye ekulandeleni imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni.
• Iqela leemeko ezibuhlungu ezichaphazela ukudibana kwemihlathi kunye nezihlunu (iingxaki zetemporomandibular okanye i-TMD). Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha indibaniselwano ye-glucosamine hydrochloride, i-chondroitin sulphate, kunye ne-calcium ascorbate kabini yonke imihla kunciphisa ukudumba kunye neentlungu, kunye nengxolo eyenziwe kumdibaniso womhlathi, kubantu abanesifo se-temporomandibular.
• Iqela lokuphazamiseka kwamehlo elinokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nombono (glaucoma).
• Umqolo obuhlungu.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu.
• Ezinye iimeko.

Ubungqina obungakumbi buyafuneka ukukala i-glucosamine hydrochloride yezi zinto zisetyenziswayo.

I-Glucosamine emzimbeni isetyenziselwa ukwenza "umqamelo" ojikeleze amalungu. Kwi-osteoarthritis, lo mqamelo uya uncipha kwaye uqine. Ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride njengesongezelelo kunokunceda ukubonelela ngezixhobo ezifunekayo zokwakha umqamelo.

Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-glucosamine hydrochloride isenokungasebenzi kunye ne-glucosamine sulfate. Bacinga ukuba indawo ye- "sulphate" yeglucosamine sulphate yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuba isulphate iyafuneka emzimbeni ukuze ivelise intlala.

Xa kuthathwa ngomlomo: I-Glucosamine hydrochloride yiyo UKHUSELEKO OLUNOKWENZEKA kubantu abadala abaninzi xa bethathwe ngomlomo ngokufanelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 iminyaka. I-Glucosamine hydrochloride inokubangela igesi, ukuqunjelwa kunye neekram.

Ezinye iimveliso zeglucosamine azinalo inani elinelebheli yeglucosamine okanye ziqulathe izixa ezigqithileyo zemanganizi. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga neempawu ezithembekileyo.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nezilumkiso:

Ukukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa: Akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lwanokuthenjwa lokwazi ukuba ngaba i-glucosamine hydrochloride ikhuselekile ukuba ingasetyenziswa xa ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa. Hlala kwicala elikhuselekileyo kwaye uphephe ukusetyenziswa.

Isifo sombefu: I-Glucosamine hydrochloride inokusenza mandundu isifuba. Ukuba une-asthma, lumka nge-glucosamine hydrochloride.

Seswekile: Olunye uphando lokuqala lubonisa ukuba i-glucosamine inokuphakamisa iswekile yegazi kubantu abanesifo seswekile. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthembekileyo ngakumbi lubonisa ukuba i-glucosamine ayibonakali ichaphazela kakhulu ulawulo lweswekile egazini kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2. I-Glucosamine ngokujonga eswekile yegazi ngesiqhelo ibonakala ikhuselekile kuninzi lwabantu abanesifo seswekile.

Iglaucoma: I-Glucosamine hydrochloride inokunyusa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso kwaye iyenze mandundu glaucoma. Ukuba une-glaucoma, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-glucosamine.

Cholesterol ephezulu: Kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-glucosamine inokunyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol kwabanye abantu. I-Glucosamine inokunyusa amanqanaba e-insulin. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin ayanyaniswa namanqanaba enyukayo e-cholesterol. Nangona kunjalo, le miphumo ayichazwanga ebantwini. Ukuze ube kwicala elikhuselekileyo, jonga amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ngokusondeleyo ukuba uthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kwaye unamanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.

Igazi elonyukayo: Kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-glucosamine inokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwabanye abantu. I-Glucosamine inokunyusa amanqanaba e-insulin. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin ayanyaniswa nokonyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, le miphumo ayichazwanga ebantwini. Ukuze ube kwicala elikhuselekileyo, jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokusondeleyo ukuba uthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kwaye unexinzelelo lwegazi.

Unyango lweShellfish: Kukho inkxalabo yokuba iimveliso ze-glucosamine zinokubangela ukungahambelani komzimba nabantu abanolwazelelelo kwi-shellfish. I-Glucosamine iveliswa kwiigobolondo ze-shrimp, i-lobster kunye noononkala. Ukuphazamiseka komzimba kubantu abane-shellfish yokungezwani komzimba kubangelwa yinyama ye-shellfish, hayi iqokobhe. Kodwa abanye abantu baye baqala ukuphendula emva kokusebenzisa izongezo ze-glucosamine. Kungenzeka ukuba ezinye iimveliso ze-glucosamine zinokungcoliseka yinxalenye yenyama yentlanzi enokubangela ukungalungelani. Ukuba une-allergies ye-shellfish, thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-glucosamine.

Ugqirha: I-Glucosamine hydrochloride inokuchaphazela amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kwaye inokuphazamisa ulawulo lweswekile yegazi ngexesha nasemva kotyando. Yeka ukusebenzisa i-glucosamine hydrochloride ubuncinci kwiiveki ezi-2 ngaphambi kotyando olucwangcisiweyo.

Mkhulu

Sukuyithatha le indibaniselwano.

IWarfarin (Coumadin)

IWarfarin (Coumadin) isetyenziselwa ukucothisa ukujiya kwegazi. Kukho iingxelo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chondroitin kwandisa ifuthe le-warfarin (Coumadin) ekwenziweni kwegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukugruzuka nokopha okunokuba kubi kakhulu. Sukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride ukuba uthatha i-warfarin (Coumadin).

Iphakathi

Lumka ngale nhlanganisela.

Amayeza omhlaza (Topoisomerase II inhibitors)

Amanye amayeza omsebenzi womhlaza ngokunciphisa indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhawulezayo ezinokuzikopa ngayo. Abanye oososayensi bacinga ukuba i-glucosamine inokuwathintela la mayeza ekunciphiseni ukuba iiseli zesisu ezinokukopa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. I-Glucosamine hydrochloride yenye yeendlela ze-glucosamine. Ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye namanye amayeza omhlaza kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwala mayeza.

Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa umhlaza afaka i-etoposide (VP16, VePesid), teniposide (VM26), mitoxantrone, daunorubicin, kunye doxorubicin (Adriamycin).

Incinci

Jonga olu dibaniso.

Amayeza eswekile (iziyobisi zeAntidiabetes)

I-Glucosamine hydrochloride yenye yeendlela ze-glucosamine. Kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-glucosamine inokunyusa iswekile yegazi kubantu abanesifo seswekile. Kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-glucosamine inokunciphisa indlela amayeza asetyenziselwa ngayo isifo seswekile. Kodwa uphando oluphezulu ngoku lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride mhlawumbi ayonyusi iswekile yegazi okanye iphazamise amayeza eswekile kubantu abanesifo seswekile. Kodwa ukuba ulumke, ukuba uthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kwaye unesifo seswekile, jonga iswekile egazini ngokusondeleyo.

Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa isifo seswekile aquka i-glimepiride (Amaryl), i-glyburide (i-DiaBeta, i-Glynase PresTab, i-Micronase), i-insulin, i-pioglitazone (i-Actos), i-rosiglitazone (i-Avandia), i-chlorpropamide (i-Diabinese), i-glipizide (i-Glucotrol), i-tolbutamide (i-Orinase), .

Chondroitin sulphate

Ukuthatha i-chondroitin sulphate kunye neglucosamine hydrochloride kunokunciphisa amanqanaba egazi le-glucosamine. Kwithiyori, ukuthatha i-glucosamine hydrochloride kunye ne-chondroitin sulfate kunokunciphisa ukufunxeka kwe-glucosamine hydrochloride.

Akukho kunxibelelana kwaziwayo nokutya.

Idosi efanelekileyo yeglucosamine hydrochloride ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezinje ngeminyaka yomsebenzisi, impilo, kunye nezinye iimeko. Ngeli xesha akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lokufumanisa uluhlu olufanelekileyo lweedosi ze-glucosamine hydrochloride. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iimveliso zendalo azisoloko zikhuselekile kwaye iidosi zibalulekile. Qiniseka ukuba ulandela umkhombandlela ofanelekileyo kwiilebheli zemveliso kwaye uqhagamshelane nosokhemesti okanye ugqirha okanye olunye uqeqesho kwezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.

(3R, 4R, 5S, 6R) -3-Amino-6- (Hydroxymethyl) I-Oxane-2,4,5-Triol Hydrochloride, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucosehydrochloride, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy- I-Beta-D-Glucopyranose, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Beta-D-Glucopyranose Hydrochloride, Amino Monosaccharide, Chitosamine Hydrochloride, Chlorhidrato de Glucosamina, Chlorhydrate de Glucosamine, D-Glucosamine HCl, Glucosamine yeGlucose, iGlucose yeGlucose IGlucosamine KCl, iGlucosamine-6-Phosphate.

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokubhalwa kweli nqaku, nceda ubone Amayeza endalo aVimba weDatha indlela yokusebenza.

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19. Kang ES, Han D, Park J, Kwak TK, Oh MA, Lee SA, Choi S, Park ZY, Kim Y, Lee JW. Ukumodareyitha kwe-O-GlcNAc eAkt1 Ser473 kulungelelwaniso kunye neapoptosis yeeseli ze-beta ze-murine zepancreatic. Ukucaciswa kweSeli yeSisele ngo-2008; 314 (11-12): 2238-48. Jonga i-abstract.
20. I-Yomogida S, i-Hua J, i-Sakamoto K, i-Nagaoka I. I-Glucosamine icinezela imveliso ye-interleukin-8 kunye ne-ICAM-1 expression by TNF-alpha-stimulated human colonic epithelial HT-29 cells. I-Int J Mol Med 2008; 22: 205-11. Jonga i-abstract.
21. U-Y Y, u-Hua J, u-Sakamoto K, u-Ogawa H, u-Nagaoka I. I-Glucosamine, eyenzeka ngokwendalo ye-amino monosaccharide modulates LL-37-indased endothelial cell activation. I-Int J Mol Med 2008; 22: 657-62. Jonga i-abstract.
22. I-Qiu W, i-Su Q, i-Rutledge AC, i-Zhang J, i-Adeli K.I-Glucosamine-indened endoplasmic reticulum uxinzelelo ifumana i-apolipoprotein B100 synthesis ngokusayina kwe-PERK. J Lipid Res 2009; 50: 1814-23. Jonga i-abstract.
23. U-Y Y, u-Hua J, u-Sakamoto K, u-Ogawa H, u-Nagaoka I. Ukumodareyitha kwe-TNF-alpha-indased endothelial activation ye-glucosamine, eyenzeka ngokwendalo ye-amino monosaccharide. I-Int J Mol Med 2008; 22: 809-15. Jonga i-abstract.
24. Ilic MZ, uMartinac B, uSamiric T, uHandley CJ. Iziphumo ze-glucosamine kwilahleko ye-proteoglycan yitonon, ligament kunye ne-capsule edibeneyo yokuhlola inkcubeko. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16: 1501-8. Jonga i-abstract.
25. I-Toegel S, i-Wu SQ, i-Piana C, i-Unger FM, i-Wirth M, i-Goldring MB, i-Gabor F, i-Viernstein H. Ukuthelekiswa phakathi kwe-chondroprotective ye-glucosamine, i-curcumin, kunye ne-diacerein kwi-IL-1beta-evuselelekileyo ye-C-28 / I2 chondrocytes. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16: 1205-12. Jonga i-abstract.
26. I-Lin YC, i-Liang YC, i-Sheu MT, i-Lin YC, i-Hsieh MS, i-Chen TF, i-Chen CH. Iziphumo zeChondroprotective zeglucosamine ebandakanya i-p38 MAPK kunye ne-Akt ebonisa indlela. IRheumatol Int 2008; 28: 1009-16. Jonga i-abstract.
27. IScotto d'Abusco A, iPoliti L, iGiordano C, iScandurra R. Isiphumo se-peptidyl-glucosamine sichaphazela umsebenzi we-IKKalpha kinase kwii-chondrocyte zabantu. Isifo seArthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R18. Jonga i-abstract.
28. I-Shikhman AR, iBrinson DC, iValbracht J, iLotz MK. Umahluko kwimiphumo ye-metabolic ye-glucosamine kunye ne-N-acetylglucosamine kwii-chondrocytes zomntu ezibalaseleyo. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17: 1022-8. Jonga i-abstract.
29. Uitterlinden EJ, Koevoet JL, Verkoelen CF, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Jahr H, Weinans H, Verhaar JA, van Osch GJ. I-Glucosamine yonyusa imveliso ye-hyaluronic acid kuphando lwe-osteoarthritic synovium. I-BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9: 120. Jonga i-abstract.
30. IHong H, iPaki YK, iChoi MS, iRyu NH, iNgoma DK, iSuh SI, iNam KY, iPaki yeGY, iJang BC. Umahluko ezantsi-kummiselo we-COX-2 kunye neMMP-13 kulusu lwefibroblast yomntu yi-glucosamine-hydrochloride. J IDermatol Sci 2009; 56: 43-50. Jonga i-abstract.
31. Wu YL, Kou YR, Ou HL, Chien HY, Chuang KH, Liu HH, Lee TS, Tsai CY, Lu ML. Ummiselo we-Glucosamine wokuvuvukala okuphakathi kwe-LPS kwiiseli ze-bronchial epithelial cell. I-Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 635 (1-3): 219-26. Jonga i-abstract.
32. Imagawa K, de Andrés MC, Hashimoto K, Pitt D, Itoi E, Goldring MB, Roach HI, Oreffo RO. Iziphumo ze-epigenetic ze-glucosamine kunye ne-nyukliya factor-kappa B (NF-kB) inhibitor kwii-chondrocyte eziphambili zabantu-iimpembelelo ze-osteoarthritis. I-Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405: 362-7. Jonga i-abstract.
33. I-Yomogida S, Kojima Y, Tsutsumi-Ishii Y, Hua J, Sakamoto K, Nagaoka I.I-Glucosamine, eyenzeka ngokwendalo i-amino monosaccharide, icinezela i-dextran sulfate sodium-indened colitis kwiigundane. I-Int J Mol Med 2008; 22: 317-23. Jonga i-abstract.
34. I-Sakai S, i-Sugawara T, i-Kishi T, i-Yanagimoto K, i-Hirata T. Iziphumo ze-glucosamine kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko ekuthotyeni iiseli zemasti kunye nokudumba kwendlebe okubangelwa yi-dinitrofluorobenzene kwiimpuku. Ubomi beSayensi ngo-2010; 86 (9-10): 337-43. Jonga i-abstract.
35. IHwang MS, iBaek WK. I-Glucosamine induces ukufa kwesisele esizimeleyo ngokukhuthaza uxinzelelo lwe-ER kwiiseli zomhlaza we-glioma. IBiochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399: 111-6. Jonga i-abstract.
36. Ipaki JY, iPaki JW, iSuh SI, iBaek WK. I-D-glucosamine ezantsi-elawula i-HIF-1alpha ngokuthintela ukuguqulelwa kweprotein kwiiseli zomhlaza webala le-DU145. IBiochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382: 96-101. Jonga i-abstract.
37. I-Chesnokov V, i-Sun C, i-Itakura K. I-Glucosamine icinezela ukwanda kweeseli zeprostate carcinoma DU145 nge-inhibition ye-STAT3 signaling. Iseli lomhlaza Int 2009; 9:25. Jonga i-abstract.
38. Tsai CY, Lee TS, Kou YR, Wu YL. I-Glucosamine inhibit IL-1beta-Mediated IL-8 kwimveliso yeeseli zomhlaza wedlala lobudoda ngokuncitshiswa kwe-MAPK. J Iselfowuni Biochem 2009; 108: 489-98. Jonga i-abstract.
39. UKim DS, iPark KS, uJeong KC, uLee BI, uLee CH, uKim SY. I-Glucosamine sisixhobo esisebenzayo se-chemo-sensitizer nge-transglutaminase 2 inhibition. Umhlaza Lett 2009; 273: 243-9. Jonga i-abstract.
40. Kuo M, Zilberfarb V, Gangneux N, Christeff N, Issad T.O-glycosylation yeFoxO1 yonyusa umsebenzi wayo okhutshelweyo ukuya kwiswekile ye-glucose 6-phosphatase. IINKCUKACHA ZENKQUBO 2008; 582: 829-34. Jonga i-abstract.
41. Kuo M, Zilberfarb V, Gangneux N, Christeff N, Issad T.O-GlcNAc ukuguqulwa kweFoxO1 kwandisa umsebenzi wayo okhutshelweyo: indima kwindima yeglucotoxicity? Biochimie 2008; 90: 679-85. Jonga i-abstract.
42. UNaito K, Watari T, Furuhata A, Yomogida S, Sakamoto K, Kurosawa H, Kaneko K, Nagaoka I. Uvavanyo lwesiphumo se-glucosamine kwimodeli yovavanyo lweerat osteoarthritis. Ubomi beSayensi ngo-2010; 86 (13-14): 538-43. Jonga i-abstract.
43. Weiden S kunye neWood IJ. Isiphelo se-glucosamine hydrochloride ejojowe ngaphakathi emntwini. J eKlin Pathol 1958; 11: 343-349.
44. I-Satia JA, i-Littman A, i-Slatore CG, i-Galanko JA, i-White E. Imibutho ye-herbal kunye ne-specialty supplements nge-lung kunye ne-colorectal cancer risk kwi-VITamins kunye ne-Lifestyle Study. Umhlaza we-Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18: 1419-28. Jonga i-abstract.
45. I-Audimoolam VK, iBhandari S. Acute nephritis yangaphakathi ebangelwa yi-glucosamine. Ukutshintshwa kweNephrol Dial 2006; 21: 2031. Jonga i-abstract.
46. Ossendza RA, Grandval P, Chinoune F, Rocher F, Chapel F, Bernardini D. [Acute cholestatic hepatitis ngenxa yeglucosamine forte]. Ikliniki ye-Gastroenterol Biol. Ngo-2007 kuMatshi; 31: 449-50. Jonga i-abstract.
47. Wu D, Huang Y, Gu Y, Fan W. Ukusebenza kwamalungiselelo ahlukeneyo e-glucosamine kunyango lwe-osteoarthritis: uhlalutyo lweemeta lwezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ezingaboniyo, ezilawulwa yi-placebo. I-Int J Clin yokuSebenza ngo-2013; 67: 585-94. Jonga i-abstract.
48. Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, Peron CR, kunye noRocha FA. I-glucosamine edibeneyo kunye ne-chondroitin sulfate, kube kanye okanye kathathu imihla ngemihla, ibonelela nge-analgesia efanelekileyo yezonyango kwi-knee osteoarthritis. Iiklinikhi zeRheumatol 2015; 34: 1455-62.
49. I-Kwoh CK, i-Roemer FW, i-Hannon MJ, i-Moore CE, i-Jakicic JM, i-Guermazi A, i-Green SM, i-Evans RW, i-Boudreau R.Iziphumo ze-glucosamine yomlomo kulwakhiwo oludibeneyo kubantu abaneentlungu ezingapheliyo emadolweni. Isifo samathambo Rheumatol. Ngo-2014 kuMatshi; 66: 930-9. Jonga i-abstract.
50. IHochberg MC, uMartel-Pelletier J, uMonfort J, uMöller I, uCastillo JR, uArden N, uBerenbaum F, uBlanco FJ, uConaghan PG, uDoménech G, uHenrotin Y, uPap T, uRichette P, uSawitzke A, uDu Souich P, uPelletier JP ; egameni leQela loPhando. Idibeneyo ye-chondroitin sulphate kunye ne-glucosamine ye-osteoarthritis ebuhlungu yamadolo: i-multicentre, i-randomized, i-blind-blind, i-non-inferiority trial kunye ne-celecoxib. UAnn Rheum Dis 2016; 75: 37-44. Jonga i-abstract.
51. ICerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A.Hepatotoxicity enxulunyaniswa ne-glucosamine kunye ne-chondroitin sulphate kwizigulana ezinesifo esinganyangekiyo sesibindi. Ihlabathi J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 5381-4. Jonga i-abstract.
52. I-Glucosamine yedolo osteoarthritis - yintoni entsha? Iziyobisi Ther Ther Bull. Ngo-2008: 46: 81-4. Jonga i-abstract.
53. UFox BA, uStephens MM. I-Glucosamine hydrochloride kunyango lweempawu ze-osteoarthritis. Ukwaluphala phakathi kweKlinikhi 2007; 2: 599-604. Jonga i-abstract.
54. IVeldhorst, MA, Nieuwenhuizen, AG, Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., van Vught, AJ, Westerterp, KR, Engelen, MP, Brummer, RJ, Deutz, NE, kunye neWesterterp-Plantenga, isiphumo se-MS Dose-exhomekeke kwisati ukuya kwi-casein okanye kwi-soy. UPhysiol Behav 3-23-2009; 96 (4-5): 675-682. Jonga i-abstract.
55. Yue, J., Yang, M., Yi, S., Dong, B., Li, W., Yang, Z., Lu, J., Zhang, R., kunye no-Yong, J. Chondroitin sulphate kunye / okanye I-glucosamine hydrochloride yesifo seKashin-Beck: isifundo esilawulwa liqela, elilawulwa yi-placebo. I-Osteoarthritis. Ngo-2012; 20: 622-629. Jonga i-abstract.
56. I-Kanzaki, N., Saito, K., Maeda, A., Kitagawa, Y., Kiso, Y., Watanabe, K., Tomonaga, A., Nagaoka, I., kunye no Yamaguchi, H. Iziphumo zesongezelelo sokutya. Equkethe i-glucosamine hydrochloride, i-chondroitin sulfate kunye ne-quercetin glycosides kwiimpawu zedolo le-osteoarthritis: isifundo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, esingaboniyo, esilawulwa yi-placebo. Ukutya okuLimo kweJ. I-3-15-2012; 92: 862-869. Jonga i-abstract.
57. ISawitzke, AD, Shi, H., Finco, MF, Dunlop, DD, Harris, CL, Singer, NG, Bradley, JD, Isilivere, D., Jackson, CG, Lane, NE, Oddis, CV, Wolfe, F. , Lisse, J., Furst, DE, Bingham, CO, Reda, DJ, Moskowitz, RW, Williams, HJ, kunye noClegg, NGOKUQINISEKISA ukusebenza konyango kunye nokhuseleko lwe-glucosamine, i-chondroitin sulphate, indibaniselwano yabo, i-celecoxib okanye i-placebo ethathiweyo ukunyanga i-osteoarthritis edolweni: Iziphumo zeminyaka emi-2 ezivela kwi-GAIT. U-Ann. Ukuhlaziya. Ngo-2010; 69: 1459-1464. Jonga i-abstract.
58. UJackson, CG, Plaas, AH, Sandy, JD, Hua, C., Kim-Rolands, S., Barnhill, JG, Harris, CL, kunye noClegg, DO I-pharmacokinetics yomntu yokufakwa ngomlomo kweglucosamine kunye ne-chondroitin sulfate ethathwe ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ngokudibeneyo. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18: 297-302. Jonga i-abstract.
59. I-Dudics, V., Kunstar, A., Kovacs, J., Lakatos, T., Geher, P., Gomor, B., Monostori, E., kunye no-Uher, F. I-Chondrogenic enokubakho yeeseli zeseli zemeschchal ezivela kwizigulana ezine-rheumatoid. isifo samathambo kunye ne-osteoarthritis: imilinganiselo kwinkqubo ye-microculture. Iiseli Tissue. Izixhobo 2009; 189: 307-316. Jonga i-abstract.
60. INandhakumar J.Ukusebenza, ukunyamezeleka, kunye nokukhuseleka kwezinto ezininzi ezinokuthintela ukuvuvukala kunye ne-glucosamine hydrochloride vs glucosamine sulphate vs i-NSAID kunyango lwe-osteoarthritis-ehleliweyo, enokwenzeka, ephindwe kabini, engaboniyo. Umdibaniso weMedin Clin J 2009; 8: 32-38.
61. UKawasaki T, Kurosawa H, Ikeda H, et al. Iziphumo ezongezelelekileyo zeglucosamine okanye i-risedronate kunyango lwe-osteoarthritis yedolo elidityaniswe nomsebenzi wasekhaya: ulingo lweenyanga ezili-18. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008; 26: 279-87. Jonga i-abstract.
62. UNelson BA, uRobinson KA, uBuse MG. Iswekile ephezulu kunye neglucosamine yenza ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwi-3T3-L1 adipocytes. Iswekile 2000; 49: 981-91. Jonga i-abstract.
63. IBaron AD, iZhu JS, Zhu JH, et al. I-Glucosamine inducus ukumelana ne-insulin kwi-vivo ngokuchaphazela i-GLUT 4 translocation kwimisipha yemithambo. Iziphumo zetyhefu yeswekile. J Klinikhi yoTyalo-mali 1995; 96: 2792-801. Jonga i-abstract.
64. U-Eggertsen R, u-Andreasson A, no-Andren L. Akukho lutshintsho kumanqanaba e-cholesterol ngemveliso ye-glucosamine efumanekayo yokuthengisa kwizigulana ezinyangwa ngamachiza athoba i-lipid: isilingo esilawulwayo, esingahleliwe, esivulekileyo. I-BMCPharmacol Toxicol 2012; 13:10. Jonga i-abstract.
65. Shankland WE. Iziphumo ze-glucosamine kunye ne-chondroitin sulphate kwi-osteoarthritis ye-TMJ: ingxelo yokuqala yezigulana ezingama-50. Cranio 1998; 16: 230-5. Jonga i-abstract.
66. U-Liu W, uLiu G, uPei F, et al. Isifo seKashin-Beck eSichuan, China: ingxelo yokulinga evulekileyo yonyango. J Klinikhi yaseRheumatol 2012; 18: 8-14. Jonga i-abstract.
67. ULee JJ, uJin YR, uLee JH, et al. Umsebenzi we-Antiplatelet we-carnosic acid, i-phenolic diterpene evela eRosmarinus officinalis. IPlanta Med 2007; 73: 121-7. Jonga i-abstract.
68. UNakamura H, Masuko K, Yudoh K, et al. Iziphumo zolawulo lwe-glucosamine kwizigulana ezine-rheumatoid arthritis. IRheumatol Int 2007; 27: 213-8. Jonga i-abstract.
69. I-Yue QY, iStrandell J, i-Myrberg O. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuhambelana kweglucosamine kunokuba nefuthe le-warfarin. IZiko lokuJonga i-Uppsala. Ifumaneka apha: www.who-umc.org/graphics/9722.pdf (Ifumaneka nge-28 Epreli 2008).
70. UKnudsen J, uSokol GH. Intsingiselo yokunxibelelana kwe-glucosamine-warfarin ekhokelela kukonyuka komgangatho oqhelekileyo kwilizwe jikelele: Ingxelo yamatyala kunye nokuphononongwa koncwadi kunye nedathabheyisi yeMedWatch. I-Pharmacotherapy 2008; 28: 540-8. Jonga i-abstract.
71. UMuniyappa R, uKarne RJ, iHolo G, et al. I-Oral glucosamine yeeveki ezi-6 kwiidosi ezisemgangathweni ayibangeli okanye yenze mandundu ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-endothelial kwizifundo eziethe-ethe okanye ezityebileyo. Iswekile 2006; 55: 3142-50. Jonga i-abstract.
72. UTannock LR, Kirk EA, uKing VL, et al. Isongezelelo seGlucosamine sikhawulezisa kwangoko kodwa hayi emva kwexesha kwi-atherosclerosis kwiimpuku ezilahlekileyo ze-LDL. J Amanqatha 2006; 136: 2856-61. Jonga i-abstract.
73. UPham T, uCornea A, uBlick KE, et al. I-Oral glucosamine kwiidosi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-osteoarthritis kuyenza mandundu ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin. NdinguJ Med Sci 2007; 333: 333-9. Jonga i-abstract.
74. UMessier SP, uMihalko S, uLoeser RF, et al. I-Glucosamine / chondroitin edityaniswe nokuzivocavoca kunyango lwe-osteoarthritis: isifundo sokuqala. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15: 1256-66. Jonga i-abstract.
75. IStumpf JL, iLin SW. Iziphumo zeglucosamine kulawulo lweglucose. UAnn Pharmacother 2006; 40: 694-8. Jonga i-abstract.
76. I-Qiu GX, iWeng XS, uZhang K, et al. [Uvavanyo oluninzi oluphakathi, olungenamkhethe, olulawulwayo lonyango lwe-glucosamine hydrochloride / sulphate kunyango lwe-osteoarthritis]. UZhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2005; 85: 3067-70. Jonga i-abstract.
77. UClegg DO, uReda DJ, uHarris CL, et al. I-Glucosamine, i-chondroitin sulphate, kwaye zombini zidityanisiwe zedolo osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 795-808. Jonga i-abstract.
78. UMcAlindon T. Kutheni izilingo zeklinikhi ye-glucosamine ingasasebenzi ngokufanayo? Rheum Dis Clin eMantla Am 2003; 29: 789-801. Jonga i-abstract.
79. UTannis AJ, uBarban J, uMoyise uJ. Iziphumo zokuncedisa i-glucosamine ekuzileni nasekungayidliyo i-plasma glucose kunye ne-serum insulin egxile kubantu abasempilweni. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12: 506-11. Jonga i-abstract.
80. UWeimann G, uLubenow N, uSelleng K, et al. I-Glucosamine sulphate ayidibani ne-antibodies yezigulana ezine-heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. I-Eur J Haematol 2001; 66: 195-9. Jonga i-abstract.
81. Rozenfeld V, iCrain JL, uCallahan AK. Ukonyusa okunokwenzeka kwimpembelelo ye-warfarin yi-glucosamine-chondroitin. NdinguJ J Health Syst Pharm 2004; 61: 306-307. Jonga i-abstract.
82. Ilungu lePalamente laseGuillaume, uPeretz A.Unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka phakathi konyango lwe-glucosamine kunye netyhefu yezintso: Amagqabantshintshi kwileta ebhalwe nguDanao-Camara. Isifo samathambo Rheum 2001; 44: 2943-4. Jonga i-abstract.
83. UDanao-Camara T.Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango kunye ne-glucosamine kunye ne-chondroitin. Isifo samathambo Rheum 2000; 43: 2853. Jonga i-abstract.
84. U-Yu JG, ii-Boies SM, i-Olefsky JM. Iziphumo ze-glucosamine sulphate yomlomo kwimvakalelo ye-insulin kwizifundo zabantu. Unonophelo lweSwekile 2003; 26: 1941-2. Jonga i-abstract.
85. IHoffer LJ, uKaplan LN, uHamadeh MJ, et al. I-Sulfate inokulamla kwisiphumo sonyango lwe-glucosamine sulphate. IMetabolism 2001; 50: 767-70 .. Jonga i-abstract.
86. UBraham R, uDawson B, uGoodman C. Iziphumo zokuxhaswa kweglucosamine kubantu abafumana iintlungu zedolo rhoqo. Br J Ezemidlalo Med 2003; 37: 45-9. Jonga i-abstract.
87. IScroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. Iziphumo zokuxhaswa kwe-glucosamine-chondroitin kumanqanaba e-hemoglobin eglycosylated kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile seswekile: i-placebo elawulwa yi-placebo, eyimfama ephindwe kabini, yolingo olungenamkhethe. IArch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1587-90. Jonga i-abstract.
88. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Ukuqaqanjelwa sisifuba okunxulunyaniswa neglucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J IBhodi yeBhodi Fam Pract 2002; 15: 481-4 .. Jonga i-abstract.
89. UDu XL, uEdelstein D, uDimmeler S, et al. I-Hyperglycemia inqanda i-endothelial nitric oxide synthase ye-post-translational modification kwisiza seAkt. J Iklinikhi yokuTyala ngo-2001; 108: 1341-8. Jonga i-abstract.
90. UPavelka K, uGatterova J, uOlejarova M, et al. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Glucosamine sulphate kunye nokulibaziseka kokuqhubela phambili kwamadolo e-osteoarthritis: Unyaka we-3, olawulwa yi-placebo, olawulwa yi-placebo, ongaboniyo kabini. IArch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2113-23. Jonga i-abstract.
91. IAdebowale AO, iCox DS, uLiang Z, et al. Uhlalutyo lwe-glucosamine kunye nomxholo we-chondroitin sulphate kwiimveliso ezithengisiweyo kunye nokuqina kweCaco-2 kwezinto ze-chondroitin sulfate. UJANA 2000; 3: 37-44.
92. Ngoku u-A, Szczesniak L, Rychlewski T, et al. Amanqanaba eglucosamine kubantu abanesifo sentliziyo eseschemic kunye nangaphandle kohlobo lwesibini lweswekile. Ipolisi yeArch Med Wewn 1998; 100: 419-25. Jonga i-abstract.
93. I-Olszewski AJ, iSzostak WB, iMcCully KS. IPlasma glucosamine kunye negalactosamine kwisifo sentliziyo eschemic. I-Atherosclerosis 1990; 82: 75-83. Jonga i-abstract.
94. U-Yun J, u-Tomida A, u-Nagata K, u-Tsuruo T. Uxinzelelo lwe-Glucose-ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe-VP-16 kwiiseli zomhlaza womntu ngokuhla kwe-DNA topoisomerase II. I-Oncol Res 1995; 7: 583-90. Jonga i-abstract.
95. I-Pouwels MJ, uJacobs JR, iSpan PN, et al. Ukufakwa kwe-glucosamine yexesha elifutshane akuchaphazeli uvakalelo lwe-insulin ebantwini. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 2099-103. Jonga i-abstract.
96. UMonauni T, uZenti MG, uCretti A, et al. Iziphumo zokufakwa kwe-glucosamine kwimfihlo ye-insulin kunye nesenzo se-insulin ebantwini. Iswekile 2000; 49: 926-35. Jonga i-abstract.
97. I-Das A Jr, iHammad TA. Ukusebenza kwendibaniselwano ye-FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 ephantsi yemolekyuli yesodium chondroitin sulphate kunye ne-manganese ascorbate kulawulo lweedolo osteoarthritis. I-Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2000; 8: 343-50. Jonga i-abstract.
98. Ukutya kunye neBhodi yeZondlo, iZiko lezeMpilo. Ukungeniswa kwereferensi yokutya kwiVitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, kunye neZinc. IWashington, DC: ICandelo leSizwe lezeMfundo, 2002. Iyafumaneka kwi: www.nap.edu/books/0309072794/html/.
99. Ngaba i-glucosamine inyusa amanqanaba e-serum lipid kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi? Ileta ka-Pharmacist / I-Prescriber's Letter 2001; 17: 171115.
100. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Iziphumo zexesha elide zeglucosamine sulphate ekuqhubekeni kwe-osteoarthritis: ulingo olulawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni, olulawulwa yi-placebo. ILancet 2001; 357: 251-6. Jonga i-abstract.
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