Isitofu sokugonya i-anthrax

Umxholo

• Isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax sicetyiswa kubantu abathile abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala abanokuthi bavezwe sisixa esikhulu sebhaktheriya emsebenzini, kubandakanya:

I-anthrax sisifo esibi esinokuchaphazela izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Kubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa Isicatshulwa seBacillus. Abantu banokufumana i-anthrax kunxibelelwano nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, uboya, inyama, okanye izikhumba.

I-Anthrax enqamlezileyo. Ngeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo, i-anthrax sisifo solusu esibangela izilonda kulusu kwaye zihlala ziba nomkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-20 zala matyala ziyabulala ukuba azinyangwa.

I-Anthrax yesisu. Olu hlobo lwe-anthrax lunokubangelwa kukutya inyama ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya umkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, umqala obuhlungu, iintlungu zesisu kunye nokudumba, kunye nokudumba kwamadlala e-lymph. I-anthrax yesisu ingakhokelela kwityhefu yegazi, ukothuka kunye nokufa.

Ukuphefumla i-Anthrax. Olu hlobo lwe-anthrax lwenzeka xa B. Isifo Usezele, kwaye uzimisele kakhulu. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya umqala obuhlungu, umkhuhlane omncinci kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Kwisithuba seentsuku ezininzi ezi mpawu zilandelwa ziingxaki zokuphefumla kakhulu, ukothuka, kunye ne-meningitis (ukudumba kwengqondo kunye nokugubungela intambo yomqolo). Le fom ye-anthrax ifuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nonyango olunoburharha ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ihlala ibulala.

Ugonyo lwe-anthrax lukhusela kwisifo se-anthrax. Isitofu sokugonya esisetyenziswa eUnited States asiqulathanga B. Isifo iiseli kwaye ayibangeli i-anthrax. Iyeza lokugonya i-anthrax lafumana ilayisensi ngo-1970 laze lafakwa kwakhona ngo-2008.

Ngokusekwe kubungqina obulinganiselweyo kodwa obuvakalayo, isitofu sokugonya sikhusela kuzo zombini izicucu (ulusu) kunye ne-anthrax ye-inhalational.

Isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax sicetyiswa kubantu abathile abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala abanokuthi bavezwe sisixa esikhulu sebhaktheriya emsebenzini, kubandakanya:

• ilabhoratri ethile okanye abasebenzi bokulungisa
• abanye abantu abaphethe izilwanyana okanye iimveliso zezilwanyana
• abanye abasebenzi emkhosini, njengoko kumiselwe liSebe lezoKhuselo

Aba bantu kufuneka bafumane iidosi ezintlanu zokugonya (kwimisipha): ithamo lokuqala xa umngcipheko wokuchazwa okunokubakho uchongiwe, kunye nedosi eseleyo kwiiveki ezi-4 kunye ne-6, 12, kunye neenyanga ezili-18 emva kwethamo lokuqala.

Iidosi zonyaka zokukhuthaza ziyafuneka kukhuseleko oluqhubekayo.

Ukuba ithamo alinikwa ngexesha elimiselweyo, uthotho alunyanzelekanga ukuba luqale ngaphezulu. Qalisa kwakhona uthotho ngokukhawuleza.

Isitofu sokugonya i-anthrax sikwacetyiswa kubantu abangagonywanga abaye bavezwa yi-anthrax kwiimeko ezithile. Aba bantu kufuneka bafumane iidosi ezintathu zokugonya (phantsi kolusu), kunye nedosi yokuqala kwakamsinya emva kokuvezwa kunokwenzeka, kwaye idosi yesibini neyesithathu zinikwe iiveki ezi-2 kunye nezine emva kweyokuqala.

• Nabani na oye waba neempendulo ezimbi kwi-dose yangaphambili ye-anthrax ayifanele afumane enye idosi.
• Nabani na onobungozi obukhulu nakweliphi na icandelo lokugonya akufuneki afumane idosi. Xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba une aleji ebukhali, kubandakanya i-latex.
• Ukuba ukhe waba ne-Guillain Barr syndrome (GBS), umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukuba angafumani isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax.
• Ukuba unesifo esiphakathi okanye esibuhlungu umboneleli wakho unokukucela ukuba ulinde de uchache ukuze ufumane isitofu sokugonya. Abantu abagula kancinci banokugonywa.
• Ukugonywa kunokucetyiswa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaye bavezwa kwi-anthrax kwaye banomngcipheko wokuba nesifo sokuphefumula. Oomama abangabongikazi banokunikwa ngokukhuselekileyo isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax.

Njengalo naliphi na iyeza, isitofu sokugonya sinokubangela ingxaki enkulu, enje ngeempendulo ezigwenxa.

I-anthrax sisifo esibi kakhulu, kwaye umngcipheko wengozi enkulu kwisitofu sokugonya incinci kakhulu.

• Ukuthantamisa kwengalo apho bekudutyulwe khona (malunga nomntu omnye kwaba-2)
• Ububomvu engalweni apho bekudutyulwa khona (malunga ne-1 kwayi-7 yamadoda kunye ne-1 kwayi-3 yabasetyhini)
• Ukutshiza engalweni apho kunikelwe khona (malunga ne-1 kwamadoda angama-50 kunye nomfazi omnye kwabangama-20)
• Isigaqa engalweni apho sanikezelwa khona (malunga ne-1 kwamadoda angama-60 kunye nomfazi omnye kwabali-16)
• Ukuqhekeka engalweni apho sanikezelwa khona (malunga ne-1 kwamadoda angama-25 kunye nomfazi omnye kwabangama-22)
• Ukuqaqanjelwa yimisipha okanye ukuthintelwa okwethutyana kokuhamba ngengalo (malunga ne-1 kwamadoda ali-14 kunye nomfazi omnye kwabali-10)
• Intloko (malunga ne-1 kwindoda engama-25 kunye ne-1 kwayi-12 yabasetyhini)
• Ukukhathala (malunga ne-1 kwindoda eyi-15, malunga ne-1 kwabasetyhini aba-8)

• Impendulo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxabisa (inqabile kakhulu - ngaphantsi kwesinye kwiidosi ezili-100,000).

Njengalo naluphi na ugonyo, kuye kwabikwa ezinye iingxaki ezinzima. Kodwa ezi zinto azibonakali zenzeka rhoqo phakathi kwabamkeli isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax kunabantu abangagonywanga.

Akukho bungqina bokuba isitofu sokuthintela i-anthrax sibangela iingxaki zempilo zexesha elide.

Iikomiti ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo azifumananga ukugonywa kwe-anthrax ukuba ibe yinto ebangela ukugula okungachazwanga phakathi kwamagqala emfazwe e-Gulf.

• Nawuphi na umbandela ongaqhelekanga, onjengeempendulo ezinzima okanye umkhuhlane omkhulu. Ukuba uxabane olunamandla lwenzekile, bekuya kuba yimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiyure emva kokudutyulwa. Iimpawu zokungaziphathi kakuhle zinokubandakanya ukuphefumla nzima, ukuba buthathaka, ukudumba okanye ukubetha, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, urhashalala, isiyezi, ukuphaphatheka, okanye ukudumba komqala.

• Biza ugqirha, okanye umse kwagqirha kwangoko.
• Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba kwenzeke ntoni, umhla kunye nexesha okwenzekileyo ngalo, kunye nokuba ugonyo lwenziwe nini.
• Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba axele impendulo ngokugcwalisa ifom yeNkqubo yokuNika ingxelo ngeNdawo yokuGonya (VAERS). Okanye ungayifaka le ngxelo kwiwebhusayithi ye-VAERS apha http://vaers.hhs.gov/index okanye ngokutsalela umnxeba ku-1-800-822-7967. I-VAERS ayinikezeli ngcebiso ngonyango.

Inkqubo yeFederal, iNkqubo yokuLungisa iMbuyekezo yokuLimala, yenziwe phantsi koMthetho we-PREP ukunceda ukuhlawulela ukhathalelo lonyango kunye nezinye iindleko ezithile zabantu abathile abaneempendulo ezimandundu kolu gonyo.

Ukuba uphendula kwisitofu sokuthintela ukukwazi kwakho ukumangalela kunokulinganiselwa ngumthetho. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yenkqubo www.hrsa.gov/countermeasurescomp, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1-888-275-4772.

• Buza ugqirha wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo. Banokukunika into yokufaka ipakethe yokugonya okanye bacebise eminye imithombo yolwazi.
• Nxibelelana namaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC): tsalela umnxeba ku-1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) okanye undwendwele iwebhusayithi ye-CDC apha http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/vaccination /.
• Nxibelelana neSebe lezoKhuselo lase-US (DoD): tsalela umnxeba ku-1-877-438-8222 okanye undwendwele iwebhusayithi ye-DoD apha http://www.anthrax.osd.mil.

Ingxelo yeNgcaciso ye-Anthrax Vaccine. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zaBantu / amaZiko oLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo lweNkqubo yokuGonya kaZwelonke. 3/10/2010.

• Ibhayothrax^®