IValproic Acid

Umxholo

• Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-valproic acid,
• I-Valproic acid inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo okanye ezo zidweliswe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO okanye EZIQHELEKILEYO, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko:
• Iimpawu libanda kungaquka oku kulandelayo:

I-Divalproex sodium, i-valproate sodium, kunye ne-valproic acid, onke amayeza afanayo asetyenziswa ngumzimba njenge-valproic acid. Ke ngoko, igama i-valproic acid ziya kusetyenziswa ukumela onke la mayeza kule ngxoxo.

IValproic acid inokubangela ukonakala okanye ukusongela ubomi kwisibindi ekunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwiinyanga zokuqala ezi-6 zonyango. Umngcipheko wokukhula komonakalo wesibindi mkhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kwaye bathatha ngaphezulu kwelinye lamayeza ukunqanda ukuxhuzula, banezifo ezithile ezizuzwe njengelifa ezinokuthintela umzimba ekutshintsheni ukutya kumandla ngesiqhelo, okanye nayiphi na imeko ichaphazela ukukwazi ukucinga, ukufunda nokuqonda. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unendawo ethile oyizuze njengelifa echaphazela ingqondo, izihlunu, imithambo-luvo kunye nesibindi (i-Alpers Huttenlocher Syndrome), i-urea cycle disorder (imeko ezuzwe njengelifa echaphazela ukukwazi ukwenza iiproteni), okanye isifo sesibindi. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba ungathathi i-valproic acid. Ukuba uqaphela ukuba ukuxhuzula kwakho kubi kakhulu okanye kwenzeka kaninzi okanye ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko: ukudinwa kakhulu, ukungabi namandla, ubuthathaka, iintlungu kwicala lasekunene lesisu sakho, ukungabinamdla wokutya, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, umchamo omnyama, ubumthubi besikhumba sakho okanye ezimhlophe zamehlo akho, okanye ukudumba kobuso.

I-Valproic acid inokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa (iingxaki zomzimba ezikhoyo ekuzalweni), ngakumbi ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo kwaye zinokubangela ubukrelekrele obuphantsi kunye neengxaki ngokuhamba nokulungelelanisa, ukufunda, unxibelelwano, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha kwiintsana ezichazwe kwi-valproic i-asidi ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ucwangcise ukukhulelwa. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abakwaziyo ukukhulelwa kwaye abangasebenzisi nolawulo olusebenzayo lokuzalwa kufuneka bangathathi i-valproic acid ukukhusela iintlungu zentloko. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka bathathe kuphela i-valproic acid ukunyanga ukuxhuzula okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (isifo se-manic-depress disorder; isifo esibangela iziqendu zokudakumba, iziqendu ze-mania, kunye nezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga) ukuba amanye amayeza akakhange azilawule ngempumelelo iimpawu zawo okanye akanakuba isetyenzisiwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemingcipheko yokusebenzisa i-valproic acid ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba ungumfazi okwiminyaka yokuzala, kubandakanya amantombazana kwasekuqaleni kokufikisa, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho endaweni ye-valproic acid. Ukuba isigqibo senziwe ngokusebenzisa i-valproic acid, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ulawulo lokuzalwa olusebenzayo ngexesha lonyango lwakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokulawula ukuzalwa eziza kukusebenzela. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa uthatha i-valproic acid, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko. I-Valproic acid inokwenzakalisa umntwana ongekazalwa.

I-Valproic acid inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu okanye osongela ubomi kwipancreas. Oku kunokwenzeka nanini na ngexesha lonyango lwakho. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko: iintlungu eziqhubekayo eziqala kwindawo yesisu kodwa zinokusasazeka kwisicaphucaphu esingasemva, ukugabha, okanye ukuphelelwa ngumdla.

Gcina lonke ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho kunye nelabhoratri. Ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile zebhu ukujonga impendulo yakho kwi-valproic acid.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemingcipheko yokuthatha i-valproic acid okanye yokunika i-valproic acid emntwaneni wakho.

Ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti uya kukunika uxwebhu lolwazi lwesigulana lomenzi (Isikhokelo seyeza) xa uqala unyango nge-valproic acid kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha ugcwalisa amayeza akho. Funda ulwazi ngononophelo kwaye ubuze ugqirha okanye usokhemesti ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo. Ungandwendwela noLawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA) iwebhusayithi (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm) okanye iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukufumana isiKhokelo seMithi.

IValproic acid isetyenziswa yodwa okanye namanye amayeza ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zokubanjwa. I-Valproic acid ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-mania (iziqendu zokuxakaniseka, ukonwaba ngokungaqhelekanga) kubantu abane-bipolar disorder (isifo sokudakumba esisifo somntu; isifo esibangela iziqendu zoxinzelelo, iziqendu ze-mania, kunye nezinye iimood ezingaqhelekanga). Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iintlungu zentloko kodwa hayi ukukhulula iintloko esele ziqalile. I-Valproic acid ikudidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-anticonvulsants. Isebenza ngokwandisa inani lezinto ezithile zendalo kwingqondo.

I-asidi yeValproic iza njengecapsule, ipilisi eyandisiweyo (esebenza ixesha elide), ukukhutshwa okucothisiweyo (ukukhupha iyeza emathunjini ukuthintela ukonakala kwesisu) ithebhulethi, ityhubhu yokufefa (capsule enamaso amancinci amayeza unokufefa ngokutya), kunye nesiraphu (ulwelo) ukuthatha ngomlomo. Isiraphu, iifilisi, iipilisi zokukhupha ukulibaziseka, kunye neefomsile zokufafaza zihlala zithathwa amaxesha amabini okanye nangaphezulu imihla ngemihla. Amacwecwe okukhululwa aqhelekileyo athathwa kanye ngemini. Thatha i-valproic acid malunga nexesha elifanayo (ii) yonke imihla. Thatha i-valproic acid ngokutya ukunceda ukuthintela amayeza ekuphazamiseni isisu sakho. Landela izikhokelo kwileyibhile yakho yonyango ngononophelo, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba achaze nayiphi na indawo ongayiqondiyo. Thatha i-valproic acid ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe. Musa ukuthatha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwayo okanye uthathe rhoqo kunokuba umiselwe ngugqirha wakho.

Ginya iicapsule eziqhelekileyo, iicapsule zokukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa, kunye neepilisi ezandisiweyo zokukhululwa; ungahluleli, ungahlaleli, okanye uzityumze.

Ungaziginya zonke iipilisi, okanye uvule iifomsile kwaye ufefe ubuhlalu obuqulathe kwitispuni lokutya okuthambileyo, njengeapilesauce okanye ipudding. Gwinya umxube wokutya kunye namayeza amaso kanye emva kokuba uwulungiselele. Kulumkele ukuhlafuna amaso. Musa ukugcina umxube ongasetyenziswanga wokutya kunye namayeza.

Musa ukuxuba isiraphu kuso nasiphi na isiselo esenziwe ngekhabhon.

I-Divalproex sodium, i-valproate sodium, kunye neemveliso ze-valproic acid zifunxwa ngumzimba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye azinakufakwa endaweni yomnye. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintshela kwenye imveliso uye kwenye, ugqirha wakho kusenokufuneka alungelelanise idosi yakho. Ngalo lonke ixesha ufumana amayeza akho, jonga ukuba uqinisekile ukuba uyifumene imveliso obumiselwe yona. Buza usokhemesti wakho ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ufumene amayeza afanelekileyo.

Ugqirha wakho unokukuqala kwidosi ephantsi ye-valproic acid kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe wandise idosi yakho.

IValproic acid inokunceda ukulawula imeko yakho kodwa ayizukuyinyanga. Qhubeka nokuthatha i-valproic acid nokuba uziva uphilile. Sukuyeka ukuthatha i-valproic acid ungakhange uthethe nogqirha wakho, nokuba ngaba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngotshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwindlela oziphethe ngayo okanye kwimood okanye xa ufumanisa ukuba ukhulelwe. Ukuba ngequbuliso uyeka ukuthatha i-valproic acid, unokufumana ukubanjwa okunzima, okuhlala ixesha elide kwaye kusongela ubomi. Ugqirha wakho uya kunciphisa umthamo wakho ngokuthe ngcembe.

I-asidi yeValproic ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukugqabhuka kubantwana abanesiphene kwingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD; ubunzima bokugxila okanye bokuhlala bethe cwaka kunabanye abantu abakwiminyaka efanayo). Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi zokusebenzisa la mayeza kwimeko yakho.

La mayeza ngamanye amaxesha amiselweyo kwezinye izinto. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-valproic acid,

• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba ngaba uxabisa i-valproic acid, nawaphi na amanye amayeza, okanye naziphi na izithako kuhlobo lwe-valproic acid omiselwe yona. Buza usokhemesti wakho uluhlu lwezithako.
• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba yeyiphi na amayeza kagqirha kunye nalawo angabhaliswanga, iivithamini, izongezo zesondlo, kunye nemveliso yamayeza owathathayo okanye oceba ukuyithatha. Qiniseka ukuba ukhankanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo: acyclovir (Zovirax), anticoagulants ('blood thinner') ezifana ne-warfarin (Coumadin), amitriptyline, aspirin, carbamazepine (Tegretol), cholestyramine (Prevalite), clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium ), doripenem (Doribax), ertapenem (Invanz), ethosuximide (Zarontin), felbamate (Felbatol), ezinye izinto zokuthintela ukukhawula iihomoni (iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa, imisesane, iipatches, izinto zokufakelwa, inaliti, kunye nezixhobo zangaphakathi), imipenem kunye necilastatin (Primaxin), I-lamotrigine (Lamictal), amayeza oxinzelelo okanye ukugula kwengqondo, meropenem (Merrem), nortriptyline (Pamelor), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), primidone (Mysoline), rifampin (Rifadin), rufinamide (Banzel), sedatives, sleeping pills, tolbutamide , i-topiramate (Topamax), i-tranquilizers, kunye ne-zidovudine (Retrovir). Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho okanye akubeke esweni ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wanazo iziqendu zokudideka kunye nokuphulukana namandla okucinga nokuqonda, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka; isiqaqa (ukulahleka kwengqondo kangangexesha elithile); ubunzima bokulungelelanisa iintshukumo zakho; intsholongwane kaGawulayo (HIV); okanye icytomegalovirus (CMV; intsholongwane enokubangela iimpawu kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka).
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uncelisa.
• ukuba wenza utyando, kubandakanya utyando lwamazinyo, xelela ugqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo ukuba uthatha i-valproic acid.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-valproic acid inokukwenza wozele. Musa ukuqhuba imoto okanye usebenzise oomatshini de ube uyazi indlela elikuchaphazela ngayo eli yeza.
• khumbula ukuba utywala bunokongeza ukozela okubangelwa leli yeza.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-valproic acid inokubangela ukozela okungaginyisi mathe kunokubangela ukuba utye okanye usele kancinci kunesiqhelo, ngakumbi ukuba ukhulile. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba awukwazi ukutya okanye ukusela njengoko uqhele ukwenza.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba impilo yakho yengqondo inokutshintsha ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga kwaye ungazibulala (ucinga ngokuzenzakalisa okanye ukuzibulala okanye ukucwangcisa okanye ukuzama ukwenza njalo) ngelixa uthatha i-valproic acid kunyango lwesifo sokuwa, ukugula ngengqondo, okanye ezinye iimeko . Inani elincinci labantu abadala kunye nabantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ubudala nangaphezulu (malunga ne-1 kubantu abangama-500) abathathe ii-anticonvulsants ezinje nge-valproic acid ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lezifundo zeklinikhi bazibulala ngexesha lonyango lwabo. Abanye baba bantu bakhulise iingcinga zokuzibulala kunye nokuziphatha kwiveki nje enye emva kokuba beqalisile ukuthatha amayeza. Kukho umngcipheko wokuba unokufumana utshintsho kwimpilo yakho yengqondo ukuba uthatha iyeza le-anticonvulsant efana ne-valproic acid, kodwa kusenokubakho umngcipheko wokuba uya kufumana utshintsho kwimpilo yakho yengqondo ukuba imeko yakho ayinyangwa. Wena kunye nogqirha wakho niya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba ingozi yokuthatha iyeza le-anticonvulsant inkulu kuneengozi zokungawasebenzisi amayeza. Wena, usapho lwakho, okanye umntu omkhathalelayo kufuneka ubize ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo: uloyiko; ukuphazamiseka okanye ukungazinzi; okutsha okanye ukuhla kokucaphuka, uxinzelelo, okanye uxinzelelo; ukwenza izinto eziyingozi; ubunzima bokuwa okanye ukulala; ndlongondlongo, umsindo okanye ubundlobongela; i-mania (i-frenzied, i-mood engaqhelekanga) ukuthetha okanye ukucinga ngokufuna ukuzenzakalisa okanye ukuzibulala; Ukurhoxa kubahlobo nakusapho; ukuxakeka kukufa nokufa; ukuphisa ngezinto ezixabisekileyo; okanye naluphi na olunye utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwindlela oziphethe ngayo okanye kwimood. Qiniseka ukuba usapho lwakho okanye umntu okhathalelayo uyazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokuba nobuzaza ukuze babize ugqirha ukuba awukwazi ukuzifunela unyango ngokwakho.

Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho akuxelele ngenye indlela, qhubeka nokutya okuqhelekileyo.

Thatha idosi ephosiweyo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uyikhumbule. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba phantse lixesha ledosi yakho elandelayo, tsiba idosi ephosiweyo kwaye uqhubeke neshedyuli yakho yesiqhelo yedosi. Sukuthatha idosi ephindwe kabini ukwenza eyilahlekileyo.

I-Valproic acid inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:

• ukozela
• isiyezi
• intloko ebuhlungu
• urhudo
• ukuqhina
• utshintsho kumdla wokutya
• utshintsho lobunzima
• umqolo obuhlungu
• ukuphazamiseka
• ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
• ukucinga ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukushukuma okungalawulekiyo kwilungu lomzimba
• iingxaki ngokuhamba okanye ngokulungelelanisa
• iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo zamehlo
• ukungaboni kakuhle okanye umbono ophindwe kabini
• kukhala ezindlebeni
• ukulahleka kweenwele

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo okanye ezo zidweliswe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO okanye EZIQHELEKILEYO, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko:

• ukugruzuka okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga
• amabala amfusa okanye abomvu eluswini
• ifiva
• irhashalala
• ukugruzuka
• urhwebo
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• amadlala adumbileyo
• ukudumba kobuso, amehlo, imilebe, ulwimi, okanye umqala
• Ukuxobuka okanye ukudumba kolusu
• ukudideka
• ukudinwa
• ukugabha
• ukuhla kobushushu bomzimba
• ubuthathaka okanye ukudumba kumalungu

I-Valproic acid inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki engaqhelekanga ngelixa uthatha eli yeza.

Ukuba uhlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, wena okanye ugqirha wakho ungathumela ingxelo kwiNkqubo yoKutya kunye nezoLawulo (i-FDA) yeMedWatch yeNkqubo yokuNgxelo ngezeMeko eziGwenxa kwi-Intanethi (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) okanye ngomnxeba ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina eli yeza kwisikhongozeli lifikile, livalekile, kwaye alifumaneki ebantwaneni. Yigcine kubushushu begumbi, kude nobushushu obuninzi kunye nokufuma (hayi kwigumbi lokuhlambela).

Amayeza angafunekiyo kufuneka achithwe ngeendlela ezizodwa zokuqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu abanakuzisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uligungxule eli yeza kwindlu yangasese. Endaweni yoko, eyona ndlela yokulahla amayeza akho yinkqubo yokubuyisa amayeza. Thetha kumayeza wakho okanye unxibelelane nesebe lakho lenkunkuma / lokurisayikilisha ukuze ufunde malunga neenkqubo zokubuyisa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Jonga i-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba awunakho ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina onke amayeza ngaphandle kwamehlo kunye nokufikelela kwabantwana njengezikhongozeli ezininzi (ezinje ngeeveki zeepilisi zeveki kunye nezo zamehlo, iikhrim, iipatches, kunye ne-inhalers) azinyangeki kwaye abantwana abancinci banokuzivula ngokulula. Ukukhusela abantwana abancinci kwiityhefu, soloko ukhiya iminqwazi yokhuseleko kwaye ubeke amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo-leyo iphakame kwaye iphakame kwaye ingabonakali kubo kwaye ifikelele kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Kwimeko yokugqithisa, fowunela umnxeba wolawulo lwetyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222. Ulwazi lukwafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ukuba ixhoba liye lawa, laxhuzula, linengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye alikwazi ukuvuswa, ngoko nangoko lifowunele iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngo-911.

Iimpawu libanda kungaquka oku kulandelayo:

• ukozela
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• isiqaqa (ukulahleka kwengqondo ixesha elithile)

Ukuba uthatha iifilisi zefafazi, unokuqaphela amaso amayeza kwisitulo sakho. Oku kuqhelekile kwaye akuthethi ukuba awufumananga idosi epheleleyo yamayeza.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile kwaye ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba uvavanye umchamo wakho kwietoni, xelela ugqirha ukuba uthatha i-valproic acid. I-Valproic acid inokubangela iziphumo ezingezizo kuvavanyo lomchamo kwiietoni.

Ngaphambi kokuba uvavanywe elebhu, xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nabasebenzi baselebhu ukuba uthatha i-valproic acid.

Musa ukuvumela nabani na ukuba athathe amayeza akho. Buza usokhemesti wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nokuzalisa amayeza akho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinjengeevithamini, iiminerali, okanye ezinye izongezo zokutya. Kuya kufuneka uze nolu luhlu qho xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Kukwabalulekile ulwazi ukuba uphathe nawe xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

• Idepakene^®
• Idepakote^®
• Idepakote^® ER
• Idepakote^® Nciphisa

• I-Divalproex sodium
• Isodiyam yeValproate