Inaliti ye-insulin yomntu

Umxholo

• Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin,
• Eli yeza libangela utshintsho kwiswekile yegazi lakho. Kuya kufuneka uyazi iimpawu zeswekile esezantsi kunye ephezulu yegazi kwaye wenzeni ukuba unayo le miqondiso.
• I-insulin yabantu inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko:
• Ukugqithisa kwe-insulin yabantu kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzisa i-insulin yomntu kakhulu okanye ukuba usebenzisa inani elifanelekileyo le-insulin yomntu kodwa utye kancinci kunesiqhelo okanye usebenzise kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Ukugqithisa kwe-insulin yabantu kunokubangela i-hypoglycemia. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ye-hypoglycemia, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wento omele uyenze xa ukhulisa i-hypoglycemia. Ezinye iimpawu libanda:

I-insulin yomntu isetyenziselwa ukulawula iswekile yegazi kubantu abane-1 yeswekile (imeko apho umzimba ungayenziyo i-insulin kwaye ngenxa yoko awukwazi ukulawula ubungakanani beswekile egazini) okanye kubantu abane-2 yeswekile (imeko apho iswekile yegazi iphezulu kakhulu kuba umzimba awuvelisi okanye usebenzise i-insulin ngokwesiqhelo) engenakulawulwa ngamayeza omlomo kuphela. I-insulin yomntu ikudidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zihomoni. I-insulin yomntu isetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo ye-insulin ehlala iveliswa ngumzimba. Isebenza ngokunceda ukuhambisa iswekile egazini iye kwezinye izicwili zomzimba apho isetyenziselwa khona amandla. Ikwanqanda isibindi ekuveliseni iswekile engaphezulu. Zonke iintlobo ze-insulin ezikhoyo zisebenza ngale ndlela. Iindidi ze-insulin zahluka kuphela kwindlela abaqala ngayo ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye baqhubeka nokulawula iswekile egazini ixesha elingakanani.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, abantu abanesifo seswekile kunye neswekile ephezulu yegazi banokuba neengxaki ezinzulu okanye ezisongela ubomi, kubandakanya isifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, iingxaki zezintso, ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kunye neengxaki zamehlo. Sebenzisa amayeza, ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (umzekelo, ukutya, ukwenza umthambo, ukuyeka ukutshaya), kunye nokujonga iswekile yegazi rhoqo kunokunceda ukulawula isifo seswekile kunye nokuphucula impilo yakho. Olu nyango lunokunciphisa amathuba akho okuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile ezinje ngokusilela kwezintso, ukulimala kwentliziyo (ukubindeka, imilenze ebandayo okanye iinyawo; ukunciphisa amandla ezesondo kumadoda nabasetyhini), iingxaki zamehlo, kubandakanya notshintsho okanye ukulahleka kombono, okanye isifo seentsini. Ugqirha wakho kunye nabanye ababoneleli ngempilo bayakuthetha nawe ngeyona ndlela yokulawula isifo sakho seswekile.

I-insulin yomntu iza njengesisombululo (ulwelo) kunye nokumiswa (ulwelo olunamasuntswana aya kuhlala eme ngxi). ukuba itofwe ngendlela engaphantsi (phantsi kolusu). I-insulin yomntu ihlala itofwa ngendlela engaphantsi izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini, kwaye ngaphezulu kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin kunokufuneka. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi (uhlobo) lwe-insulin oza kuyisebenzisa, uyisebenzisa kangakanani i-insulin, kwaye uza kuyifaka kangaphi i-insulin. Landela le miyalelo ngononophelo. Sukuyisebenzisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi i-insulin okanye uyisebenzise rhoqo kunokuba umiselwe ngugqirha.

Isulin insulin (Myxredlin, Humulin R U-100, Novolin R) isisombululo sinokufakwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi (emthanjeni) ngugqirha okanye ngumongikazi kwindawo yezempilo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uya kukujonga ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

I-insulin yomntu ilawula iswekile ephezulu yegazi kodwa ayisinyangi isifo seswekile. Qhubeka usebenzise i-insulin yomntu nokuba uziva uphilile. Sukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-insulin ungakhange uthethe nogqirha wakho. Musa ukutshintshela kolunye uphawu okanye uhlobo lwe-insulin okanye utshintshe idosi yalo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-insulin oyisebenzisayo ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho.

I-insulin yomntu iza ngeebhotile, izixhobo ezilahlwayo ezilahlwayo kunye neekhatriji. Iikhatriji ziyilelwe ukuba zibekwe kwiipeni zokulinganisa. Qiniseka ukuba uyazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwekhonteyina engena ngaphakathi kwi-insulin yakho kwaye zeziphi ezinye izinto ezinje ngeenaliti, iisirinji, okanye iipeni, kuya kufuneka ukuba utofe iyeza lakho. Qiniseka ukuba igama kunye neleta kwi-insulin yakho yile nto umiselwe yona ngugqirha.

Ukuba i-insulin yakho yomntu iza ngeebhotile, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iisirinji ukutofa idosi yakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyazi ukuba i-insulin yakho yomntu yi-U-100 okanye i-U-500 kwaye uhlala usebenzisa isirinji ebhalwe olo hlobo lwe-insulin. Soloko usebenzisa uphawu olunye kunye nemodeli yenaliti kunye nesirinji. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba unemibuzo malunga nohlobo lwesirinji ekufuneka uyisebenzisile. Yifundisise ngononophelo imiyalelo yomenzi ukuze ufunde indlela yokutsala i-insulin kwisirinji kunye nokufaka idosi yakho. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuba ungayifaka njani idosi yakho.

Ukuba i-insulin yakho yomntu iza kwiikhatriji, kungafuneka uthenge ipeni ye-insulin ngokwahlukeneyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti malunga nohlobo lwepeni omele uyisebenzise. Funda ngononophelo imiyalelo eza nepeni yakho, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemisi akubonise indlela yokuyisebenzisa.

Ukuba umntu wakho we-insulin uza kwisixhobo sokulahla esilahlwayo, funda imiyalelo eza nesixhobo ngononophelo. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti akubonise indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo.

Ungaze uphinde usebenzise iinaliti okanye iisirinji kwaye ungaze wabelane ngeenaliti, iisirinji, iikhatriji, okanye iipeni. Ukuba usebenzisa ipeni ye-insulin, soloko ususa inaliti emva nje kokuba utofile idosi yakho. Lahla iinaliti kunye neesirinji kwisikhongozeli esinganyangekiyo. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngendlela yokusilahla isikhongozeli esinganyangekiyo.

Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba udibanise iintlobo ezimbini ze-insulin kwisirinji efanayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngqo ukuba ungazizoba njani zombini iintlobo ze-insulin kwisirinji. Landela le miyalelo ngononophelo. Ngalo lonke ixesha zoba uhlobo olufanayo lwe-insulin kwisirinji kuqala, kwaye usoloko usebenzisa uhlobo olunye lweenaliti. Ungaze udibanise ngaphezulu kohlobo olunye lwe-insulin kwisirinji ngaphandle kokuba uxelelwe ngugqirha ukuba wenze njalo.

Ngalo lonke ixesha jonga i-insulin yakho ngaphambi kokuba utofe. Ukuba usebenzisa i-insulin eqhelekileyo yomntu (i-Humulin R, i-Novolin R), i-insulin kufuneka icace gca, ingenambala, kwaye ibenye njengamanzi. Sukusebenzisa olu hlobo lwe-insulin ukuba ibonakala inamafu, ijiye, okanye inemibala, okanye ukuba inamasuntswana aqinileyo. Ukuba usebenzisa i-NPH ye-insulin yomntu (i-Humulin N, i-Novolin N) okanye i-insulin engaphambi kwexesha ene-NPH (i-Humulin 70/30, i-Novolin 70/30), i-insulin kufuneka ibonakale inamafu okanye ibisi emva kokuba uyixube. Sukuzisebenzisa ezi ntlobo ze-insulin ukuba kukho izigaxa kulwelo okanye ukuba kukho amasuntswana amhlophe aqinileyo anamathele emazantsi okanye kwiindonga zebhotile. Sukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lwe-insulin emva kokuphela komhla wokuphelelwa kwibhotile.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-insulin yomntu kufuneka zishukunyiswe okanye zijikelezwe ukuze zixutywe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba ngaba uhlobo lwe-insulin oyisebenzisayo kufuneka luxutywe kunye nendlela onokuluxuba ngayo xa kukho imfuneko yoko.

Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti malunga nokuba kuphi emzimbeni wakho ekufuneka utofe i-insulin yomntu. Ungayifaka i-insulin yakho esiswini, engalweni ephezulu, emlenzeni ongasentla, okanye ezinqeni. Sukujova i-insulin yomntu kwimisipha, kwizikrelemnqa, okanye kwiimolekyuli. Sebenzisa indawo eyahlukileyo ngenaliti nganye, ubuncinci i-1/2 intshi (1.25 iisentimitha) kude nendawo yenaliti yangaphambili kodwa kwindawo efanayo (umzekelo, ithanga). Sebenzisa zonke iisayithi ezikhoyo kwindawo efanayo ngaphambi kokutshintshela kwindawo eyahlukileyo (umzekelo, ingalo ephezulu).

La mayeza angamiselwa ezinye izinto. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin,

• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba ngaba u aleji kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-insulin okanye amanye amayeza.
• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba yeyiphi na amayeza kagqirha kunye nalawo angabhaliswanga, iivithamini, izongezo zesondlo, kunye nemveliso yamayeza owathathayo okanye oceba ukuyithatha.Qiniseka ukuba ukhankanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo: albuterol (Proair, Proventil, Ventolin, abanye); i-alpha blockers ezinje nge-doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax), kunye ne-alfuzosin (Uroxatral); i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors enjenge benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril, (Aceopril) (Ace) , ramipril (Altace), kunye netrandolapril (Mavik); ii-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) ezinje ngecandesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar, eHyzaar), valsartan (Diovan), abanye; iziyobisi; i-asparaginase (Elspar); ii-antipsychotic ezinjenge-aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril, Fazaclo, Versacloz), olanzapine (Zyprexa, kwi-Symbyax), risperidone (Risperdal), abanye; ii-beta blockers ezinje nge-atenolol (Tenormin), icarvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard), pindolol, propranolol (Inderal), sotalol (Betapace, Sorine), kunye ne-timolol (Blocadren) ); iklonidine (Catapres, Kapvay); idanazol; diazoxide (Proglycem); iDisopyramide (iNorpace); i-diuretics ('iipilisi zamanzi'); iifayibha ezifana ne-fenofibrate (Fenoglide, Tricor, Trilipix), fenofibric acid (Fibricor), gemfibrozil (Lopid); i-isoniazid (kwiRifater, eRifamate); lithium; amayeza umbefu kunye nemikhuhlane; amayeza okugula ngengqondo okanye isicaphucaphu; i-monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors enjenge-isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), kunye ne-tranylcypromine (iParnate); izinto zokucwangcisa zehomoni (iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa, iipatches, iiringi, inaliti, okanye izinto zokufakelwa); i-niacin (iNiacor, iNiaspan, iSlo-Niacin); i-octreotide (iSandostatin); amayeza omlomo weswekile anje nge-pioglitazone (Actos, eActoplus Met nabanye) kunye ne-rosiglitazone (Avandia, eAvandamet nabanye); i-steroids yomlomo efana ne-dexamethasone (i-Decadron, i-Dexone), i-methylprednisolone (Medrol), kunye ne-prednisone (Deltasone); ipentamidine (Nebupent); ipentoxifylline (Pentoxil); pramlintide (Symlin); I-HIV protease inhibitors (PI) efana neatazanavir (Reyataz, eEvotaz), darunavir (Prezista), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir; eKaletra, Viekira Pak, nabanye); ikwinine; quinidine; iintlungu ze-salicylate ziyanceda njenge-aspirin; somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, Zomacton, abanye); isulfa antibiotics; terbutaline (iBrethine); kunye namayeza e-thyroid. Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho okanye akubeke esweni ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wanomonakalo wemithambo-luvo obangelwe sisifo seswekile; ukumelwa yintliziyo; okanye intliziyo, i-adrenal (incindi encinci kufutshane nezintso), i-pituitary (incindi encinci kwingqondo), idlala lengqula, isibindi, okanye isifo sezintso.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe, cwangcisa ukukhulelwa, okanye uncancisa. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa usebenzisa i-insulin yomntu, tsalela ugqirha wakho.
• ukuba wenza utyando, kubandakanya utyando lwamazinyo, xelela ugqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo ukuba usebenzisa i-insulin yomntu.
• Utywala bunokubangela ukwehla kweswekile yegazi. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kotywala ngelixa usebenzisa i-insulin yabantu.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba wenzeni ukuba uyagula, ufumane uxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga, cwangcisa ukuhamba kwimimandla yexesha, okanye utshintshe umthambo kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi. Olu tshintsho lunokuchaphazela iswekile yegazi kunye nenani le-insulin yomntu onokuyifuna.
• buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka ujonge kangaphi iswekile yegazi lakho. Yazi ukuba i-hypoglycemia inokuchaphazela amandla akho okwenza imisebenzi enjengokuqhuba kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba ufuna ukujonga iswekile yegazi ngaphambi kokuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini.

Qiniseka ukuba ulandela yonke imithambo kunye nezincomo zokutya ezenziwe ngugqirha wakho okanye ugqirha otya ukutya. Kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokutya malunga nokulingana kweentlobo ezifanayo zokutya malunga namaxesha afanayo yonke imihla. Ukutsiba okanye ukulibazisa ukutya okanye ukutshintsha inani okanye uhlobo lokutya okutyayo kunokubangela iingxaki kulawulo lweswekile yegazi.

Xa uqala ukusebenzisa i-insulin yomntu, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba wenzeni ukuba uyalibala ukujova idosi ngexesha elichanekileyo. Bhala le miyalelo ukuze ubhekise kuyo kamva.

Eli yeza libangela utshintsho kwiswekile yegazi lakho. Kuya kufuneka uyazi iimpawu zeswekile esezantsi kunye ephezulu yegazi kwaye wenzeni ukuba unayo le miqondiso.

I-insulin yabantu inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:

• ububomvu, ukudumba, kunye nokurhawuzelela kwindawo yenaliti
• Utshintsho kwindlela oziva ngayo ulusu lwakho, ukuqina kolusu (ukwakha amanqatha), okanye ukudakumba okuncinci kulusu (ukonakala kwamafutha)
• ukutyeba kwakho
• ukuqhina

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko:

• irhashalala kunye / okanye ukurhawuzelela umzimba wonke
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuvutha
• isiyezi
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• ukubila
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• ubuthathaka
• izihlunu zemithambo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• ukuzuza ubunzima obukhulu ngexesha elifutshane
• ukudumba kweengalo, izandla, iinyawo, amaqatha okanye imilenze esezantsi

Ukuba uhlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, wena okanye ugqirha wakho ungathumela ingxelo kwiNkqubo yoKutya kunye nezoLawulo (i-FDA) yeMedWatch yeNkqubo yokuNgxelo ngezeMeko eziGwenxa kwi-Intanethi (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) okanye ngomnxeba ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina iibhotile ezingavulwanga ze-insulin yomntu, izixhobo zokulahla ezilahlwayo ezingavulwanga kunye neepeni ze-insulin ezingavulwanga kwifriji. Sukuyifaka ngumkhenkce i-insulin yomntu kwaye ungayisebenzisi i-insulin yomntu efriziwe. Iibhotile ezivulekileyo ze-insulin yomntu kufuneka zigcinwe kwifriji kodwa zinokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi, kwindawo epholileyo ekude nobushushu kunye nelanga elithe ngqo. Ivenkile ivule iipeni ze-insulin yomntu kwaye yavula izixhobo zeedosi kubushushu begumbi. Jonga ulwazi lomenzi ukuze ufumane ukuba ungayigcina ixesha elingakanani ipeni okanye isixhobo sedosi emva kokusetyenziswa kokuqala.

Amayeza angafunekiyo kufuneka achithwe ngeendlela ezizodwa zokuqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu abanakuzisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uligungxule eli yeza kwindlu yangasese. Endaweni yoko, eyona ndlela yokulahla amayeza akho yinkqubo yokubuyisa amayeza. Thetha kumayeza wakho okanye unxibelelane nesebe lakho lenkunkuma / lokurisayikilisha ukuze ufunde malunga neenkqubo zokubuyisa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Jonga i-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba awunakho ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina onke amayeza ngaphandle kwamehlo kunye nokufikelela kwabantwana njengezikhongozeli ezininzi (ezinje ngeeveki zeepilisi zeveki kunye nezo zamehlo, iikhrim, iipatches, kunye ne-inhalers) azinyangeki kwaye abantwana abancinci banokuzivula ngokulula. Ukukhusela abantwana abancinci kwiityhefu, soloko ukhiya iminqwazi yokhuseleko kwaye ubeke amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo-leyo iphakame kwaye iphakame kwaye ingabonakali kubo kwaye ifikelele kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Kwimeko yokugqithisa, fowunela umnxeba wolawulo lwetyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222. Ulwazi lukwafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ukuba ixhoba liye lawa, laxhuzula, linengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye alikwazi ukuvuswa, ngoko nangoko lifowunele iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngo-911.

Ukugqithisa kwe-insulin yabantu kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzisa i-insulin yomntu kakhulu okanye ukuba usebenzisa inani elifanelekileyo le-insulin yomntu kodwa utye kancinci kunesiqhelo okanye usebenzise kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Ukugqithisa kwe-insulin yabantu kunokubangela i-hypoglycemia. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ye-hypoglycemia, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wento omele uyenze xa ukhulisa i-hypoglycemia. Ezinye iimpawu libanda:

• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ukuxhuzula

Gcina lonke ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho kunye nelabhoratri. Iswekile yegazi lakho kunye ne-hemoglobin eglycosylated (HbA1c) kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ukumisela impendulo yakho kwi-insulin yomntu. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela nendlela yokujonga impendulo yakho kwi-insulin yomntu ngokulinganisa igazi lakho okanye amanqanaba eswekile ekhaya. Landela le miyalelo ngononophelo.

Kufuneka usoloko unxibe isacholo esichaza isifo seswekile ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka.

Musa ukuvumela omnye umntu asebenzise amayeza akho. Buza usokhemesti wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nokuzalisa amayeza akho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinjengeevithamini, iiminerali, okanye ezinye izongezo zokutya. Kuya kufuneka uze nolu luhlu qho xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Kukwabalulekile ulwazi ukuba uphathe nawe xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

• IHululin R^®
• IHululin N.^®
• IHululin 70/30^®
• I-Humulin 50/50^®¶
• IHumulin R U-500^®
• Myxredlin^®
• UNovolin R^®
• UNovolin N^®
• UNovolin 70/30^®

^¶ Le mveliso inophawu akusekho kwimarike. Ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho zinokubakho.