Stroke: Isifo seswekile kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Umxholo

• Yintoni iStrowuku?
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu
• Ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okwethutyana (TIA)
• Zithini iimpawu zestroke?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokuhlaselwa sistroke?
• Unokuwunciphisa njani umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo?
• Guqula indlela otya ngayo
• Zilolonge
• Musa ukutshaya
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo
• Thatha amayeza akho njengoko kumiselwe.
• Yintoni imbono?

Luluphi unxibelelwano phakathi kweswekile kunye nokubetha?

Isifo seswekile sinokunyusa umngcipheko kwiimeko ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanya ukubetha. Ngokubanzi, abantu abanesifo seswekile banamatyeli ama-1.5 amathuba okuba nesifo esibuhlungu kunabantu abangenaso isifo seswekile.

Isifo seswekile sichaphazela ukukwazi komzimba ukwenza i-insulin okanye ukusisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba i-insulin idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsaleni iswekile egazini, abantu abanesifo seswekile bahlala beneswekile eninzi egazini labo. Ixesha elingaphezulu, le iswekile igqithileyo inegalelo kulwakhiwo lwamahlwili okanye iidipozithi ezinamanqatha ngaphakathi kwimithambo ebonelela ngegazi entanyeni nasebuchotsheni. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis.

Ukuba ezi dipozithi zikhula, zinokubangela ukunciphisa udonga lomthambo wegazi okanye nokuvaleka ngokupheleleyo. Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo yakho kuyeka nangasiphi na isizathu, ukubetha kwenzeka.

Yintoni iStrowuku?

Stroke yimeko apho imithambo yegazi kwingqondo yonakele. Izitrowuku zibonakaliswa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ubungakanani besitya segazi esonakalisiweyo, apho kwingqondo yegazi yonakele, kwaye ngowuphi umsitho obangele umonakalo.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zestroke kukubethwa sischemic, ukubola okukopha, kunye nokuhlaselwa sischemic okwethutyana (TIA).

Ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo. Kwenzeka xa umthambo obonelela nge-oksijini enegazi kwingqondo uvaliwe, ubukhulu becala ligazi. Malunga nemivumbo yimivumbo ye-ischemic, ngokutsho kwamaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo.

Isifo esibuhlungu

Isibetho esibuhlungu senzeka xa umthambo kwingqondo uvuza igazi okanye ugqabhuke. Phantse iipesenti ezili-15 zemivimbo yimivimbo eyophayo, ngokwe-National Stroke Association. Imivumbo enesifo esibuhlungu inokubanzima kakhulu kwaye inoxanduva malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zokufa okunxulumene nokubetha.

Ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okwethutyana (TIA)

I-TIA ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-ministerroke kuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo kuvaliwe ixesha elifutshane kwaye akubangeli ukwenzakala ngokusisigxina kwe-neurological. I-TIA ischemic, kwaye inokuhlala ukusuka kumzuzu ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi-de kube umthambo ovalekileyo uvule wedwa. Akufanele ungayihoyi, kwaye kufuneka uyiqwalasele njengesilumkiso. Abantu bahlala bebhekisa kwi-TIA “njengesilumkiso.”

Zithini iimpawu zestroke?

Ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye neempawu zestroke linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo lokufumana uncedo lomntu ngaphambi kokuba lihambise ixesha. Ngomzamo wokunceda abantu bakhumbule indlela yokwazi ukubetha, i-American Stroke Association ixhasa i-mnemonic FAST, emele:

• fAce ukujinga
• arm ubuthathaka
• subunzima be-peech
• tImeyile ukubiza i-911 okanye iinkonzo zongxamiseko zasekuhlaleni

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonakalise ukubetha zibandakanya ngequbuliso:

• ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka bobuso okanye iingalo nemilenze, ngakumbi ukuba kukwicala elinye kuphela
• ukudideka
• unengxaki yokuqonda intetho
• ubunzima bokujonga kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo
• isiyezi
• ukulahleka kokulinganisela okanye ukulungelelanisa
• ingxaki yokuhamba
• intloko ebukhali ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unestroke, tsalela umnxeba kwi-911 okanye iinkonzo zongxamiseko zengingqi ngokukhawuleza. Ukubethwa yimeko esongela ubomi.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokuhlaselwa sistroke?

Imiba yengozi yonyango ibandakanya:

• isifo seswekile
• igazi elonyukayo
• i-fibrillation ye-atrial
• iingxaki zokuxinana kwegazi
• cholesterol ephezulu
• isifo serhengqa
• iingxaki zokuhamba
• isifo se-carotid
• Imbali yangaphambili yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, imivumbo, okanye i-TIA

Ithuba lakho lokubetha liphezulu ukuba unayo okanye nangaphezulu kwezi zinto zinobungozi.

Izinto ezinobungozi kwindlela yokuphila zibandakanya:

• ukutya okungondlekanga kunye nesondlo
• ukungafumani misebenzi yaneleyo yomzimba
• nakuphi na ukusebenzisa icuba okanye ukutshaya
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo

Umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo uyonyuka nokwehla, iphantse yaphindaphindeka kwishumi ngalinye kwiminyaka engama-55. Uhlanga ludlala indima yomngcipheko wokufa icala, nabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika benomngcipheko omkhulu wokufa ngenxa yokufa icala kunabantu baseCaucasus. Isini sikwanazo izinto kwi-equation, kunye nabasetyhini abafumana imivumbo engaphezulu kunamadoda. Kwakhona, ukubetha, isifo sentliziyo, okanye i-TIA yonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesinye isifo.

Unokuwunciphisa njani umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo?

Eminye imingcipheko eyaziwayo yomngcipheko, njenge-genetics, ubudala, kunye nembali yosapho, azikho ngaphandle kolawulo lwakho. Unokunciphisa ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ngokwenza utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yokuphila.

Jonga ezonyango kunye nendlela yokuphila emngciphekweni kwaye uzibuze ukuba ungenza ntoni ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo.

Guqula indlela otya ngayo

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu inokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo. Unokwazi ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo. Zama ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

• Yehlisa ukutya kwakho ityuwa kunye namafutha.
• Yitya iintlanzi ezininzi endaweni yenyama ebomvu.
• Yitya ukutya okunamaxabiso asezantsi eswekile.
• Yitya imifuno emininzi, iimbotyi kunye namandongomane.
• Faka isonka esimhlophe endaweni yesonka esenziwe ngeenkozo.

Zilolonge

Ukuzivocavoca izihlandlo ezihlanu okanye ngaphezulu ngeveki kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo. Nawuphi na umthambo ohambisa umzimba wakho kukuzilolonga. Ukuhamba imihla ngemihla, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha kunye nokuphucula imeko yakho ngokubanzi.

Musa ukutshaya

Ukuba uyatshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya okanye ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukukunceda uyeke ukutshaya. Umngcipheko wokubethwa ngabantu abatshayayo uphindwe kabini kunabantu abangatshayiyo.

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuyeka ukutshaya kukuyeka nje. Ukuba ayisiyakho leyo, cinga ngokubuza ugqirha wakho ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokukunceda ukhabe umkhwa.

Nciphisa utywala obuselayo

Ukuba usela isiselo esinxilisayo, zama ukunciphisa ukusela ungagqithisi kwiziselo ezimbini ngosuku ukuba uyindoda okanye isiselo esinye ngosuku ukuba ungumfazi. Abaphandi badibanise ukusela rhoqo izixa ezikhulu zotywala kumngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo.

Thatha amayeza akho njengoko kumiselwe.

Ezinye iintlobo zonyango zibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wesifo. Oku kubandakanya amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, amayeza eswekile, amayeza e-cholesterol (ama-statins), kunye namayeza okuthintela amahlwili egazi, anje nge-aspirin kunye ne-thinner yegazi. Ukuba unikwe naliphi na kula mayeza, qhubeka uwathatha njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha wakho.

Yintoni imbono?

Nangona ungasokuze ukwazi ukushenxisa yonke imingcipheko yesifo sakho, zikhona izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko othile kunye nokwandisa ithuba lokuphila ubomi obude, obunempilo, obungenasifo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Sebenza nogqirha wakho ukulawula isifo seswekile kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Nciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.
• Gcina ukutya okusempilweni.
• Yongeza umthambo oqhelekileyo kwisiqhelo sakho.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unestroke, funa uncedo olungxamisekileyo kwangoko.