Oseltamivir

Umxholo

• Ukuba unika umntu omdala okanye umntwana ukumiswa ngaphezulu konyaka omnye, landela la manyathelo ukulinganisa idosi usebenzisa isirinji ebonelelweyo:
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya iicapsule, ugqirha unokukuxelela ukuba uvule iphilisi kwaye udibanise imixholo kunye nolwelo oluswiti. Ukulungiselela iidosi ze-oseltamivir yabantu abangakwaziyo ukuginya njengezingxobo:
• Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-oseltamivir,
• I-Oseltamivir inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu okanye ezo zikhankanyiweyo KWINKCAZELO EYODWA, biza ugqirha ngoko nangoko:
• Iimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu zinokubandakanya:

I-Oseltamivir isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane ('flu') kubantu abadala, ebantwaneni, nakwiintsana (ezingaphezulu kweeveki ezi-2 ubudala) abaneempawu zomkhuhlane ezingekho ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-2. Eli yeza lisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomkhuhlane kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni (abangaphezu konyaka omnye ubudala) xa bechithe ixesha nomntu onomkhuhlane okanye xa kuqhambuke umkhuhlane. I-Oseltamivir ikudidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-inhibitors ze-neuraminidase. Isebenza ngokunqanda ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane emzimbeni. I-Oseltamivir inceda ukucutha ixesha apho iimpawu zomkhuhlane zinje ngeempumlo ezixineneyo okanye ezibalekayo, umqala obuhlungu, ukukhohlela, izihlunu okanye ukudibana kwamalungu, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola. I-Oseltamivir ayizukuthintela usulelo lwebacteria, olunokuthi lwenzeke njengengxaki yomkhuhlane.

I-Oseltamivir iza njengecapsule kunye nokumiswa (ulwelo) ukuthatha ngomlomo. Xa i-oseltamivir isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zomkhuhlane, ihlala ithathwa amaxesha amabini ngosuku (kusasa nangokuhlwa) kangangeentsuku ezintlanu. Xa i-oseltamivir isetyenziselwa ukuthintela umkhuhlane, ihlala ithathwa kanye ngemini ubuncinci iintsuku ezili-10, okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-6 ngexesha lokuqhambuka komkhuhlane eluntwini. I-Oseltamivir ingathathwa kunye okanye ngaphandle kokutya, kodwa ayinakufane ibangele isisu esiphazamisayo ukuba sithathwa ngokutya okanye ngobisi. Landela izikhokelo kwileyibhile yakho yonyango ngononophelo, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba achaze nayiphi na indawo ongayiqondiyo. Thatha i-oseltamivir ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe. Musa ukuthatha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwayo okanye uthathe rhoqo kunokuba umiselwe ngugqirha wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi idosi yonyango ayimiselweyo ugqirha kwaye usebenzise isixhobo sokulinganisa esiya kulinganisa idosi ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba uthatha iyeza ngokwakho okanye ulinika umntwana ongaphezulu konyaka omnye, ungasebenzisa isixhobo esinikezwe ngumenzi ukulinganisa idosi ngokwemiyalelo engezantsi. Ukuba unika amayeza kumntwana ongaphantsi konyaka ubudala, akufuneki usebenzise isixhobo sokulinganisa esinikezwe ngumenzi kuba asinakulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iidosi ezincinci. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa isixhobo esibonelelwe ngusokhemesti wakho. Ukuba ukunqunyanyiswa kwezorhwebo akufumaneki kwaye usokhemesti wakho ulungiselela ukunqunyanyiswa kwakho, uya kubonelela ngesixhobo sokulinganisa idosi yakho. Ungaze usebenzise itispuni yekhaya ukulinganisa iidosi zokumiswa ngomlomo kwe-oseltamivir.

Ukuba unika umntu omdala okanye umntwana ukumiswa ngaphezulu konyaka omnye, landela la manyathelo ukulinganisa idosi usebenzisa isirinji ebonelelweyo:

1. Hlanganisa ukunqunyanyiswa kakuhle (malunga nemizuzwana emi-5) phambi kokusetyenziswa kokuxuba amayeza ngokulinganayo.
2. Vula ibhotile ngokutyhalela ezantsi kwikepusi kwaye ujike ikepusi ngaxeshanye.
3. Cofa isixhobo sokulinganisa kwisixhobo sokulinganisa ngokupheleleyo ukuya kwincam.
4. Faka incam yesixhobo sokulinganisa ngokuqinileyo kuvulo oluphezulu kwebhotile.
5. Jika ibhotile (ngesixhobo sokulinganisa).
6. Buyela emva kwiplunger kancinci de isixa sokunqunyanyiswa esichazwe ngugqirha wakho sigcwalise isixhobo sokulinganisa ukumakisha okufanelekileyo. Ezinye iidosi ezinkulu zinokufuna ukulinganiswa kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokulinganisa kabini. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngendlela yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo idosi emiselweyo ngugqirha, buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.
7. Jika ibhotile (ngesixhobo sokulinganisa esiqhotyoshelweyo) kwicala lasekunene kwaye ususe kancinci isixhobo sokulinganisa.
8. Thatha i-oseltamivir ngqo emlonyeni wakho kwisixhobo sokulinganisa; ungaxubeki nolunye ulwelo.
9. Faka ikepusi kwibhotile kwaye uvale ngokuqinileyo.
10. Susa isixhobo sokulinganisa kwisixhobo sokulinganisa uze uhlambe amacandelo omabini ngaphantsi kwamanzi empompo asebenzayo. Vumela iindawo ukuba zome umoya ngaphambi kokuba zibuyiselwe ukusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Biza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuze ufumane indlela onokuthi ulinganise ngayo idosi yokumiswa kwe-oseltamivir ukuba awunaso isixhobo sokulinganisa esize nala mayeza.

Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya iicapsule, ugqirha unokukuxelela ukuba uvule iphilisi kwaye udibanise imixholo kunye nolwelo oluswiti. Ukulungiselela iidosi ze-oseltamivir yabantu abangakwaziyo ukuginya njengezingxobo:

1. Bamba i-capsule ngaphezulu kwesitya esincinci kwaye utsale ngononophelo uvule i-capsule kwaye ukhuphe yonke ipowder kwi-capsule kwisitya. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuyalele ukuba uthathe ngaphezulu kwecapsule yedosi yakho, emva koko uvule inani elifanelekileyo leepilisi kwisitya.
2. Yongeza inani elincinci lolwelo olunencasa, njengesiraphu yetshokholeythi eqhelekileyo okanye engenaswekile, isiraphu yengqolowa, itopu yokuhombisa, okanye iswekile emdaka emdaka enyibilikiswe emanzini ukuya kumgubo.
3. Gquba umxube.
4. Ginya yonke imixholo yalo mxube kwangoko.

Qhubeka nokuthatha i-oseltamivir de ugqibe ubugqirha, nokuba uqala ukuzibona ungcono. Sukuyeka ukuthatha i-oseltamivir ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha i-oseltamivir ngokukhawuleza okanye weqe amathamo, usulelo lwakho alunakuphathwa ngokupheleleyo, okanye awunakukhuselwa kumkhuhlane.

Ukuba uziva umbi kakhulu okanye uvelisa iimpawu ezintsha ngelixa uthatha i-oseltamivir, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane aziqali ukuba ngcono, tsalela ugqirha wakho.

Buza usokhemesti okanye ugqirha wakho ngekopi yolwazi lomenzi wesigulana.

I-Oseltamivir ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga nokukhusela usuleleko kumkhuhlane weentaka (intaka) (intsholongwane ehlala ichaphazela iintaka kodwa inokubangela ukugula kakhulu ebantwini). I-Oseltamivir ikwanokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga nokukhusela usulelo kumkhuhlane A (H1N1).

Eli yeza linokumiselwa ezinye izinto; buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-oseltamivir,

• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemisti ukuba ngaba uxabisa i-oseltamivir, nawaphi na amanye amayeza, okanye naziphi na izithako kwiifomsile ze-oseltamivir okanye ukumiswa. Buza usokhemesti wakho okanye ujonge ulwazi lomenzi wesigulana uluhlu lwezithako.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngawaphi amayeza kagqirha kunye nalawo angabhalwanga, iivithamini, izongezo zesondlo kunye neemveliso zamayeza owathathayo okanye oceba ukuwathatha. Qiniseka ukuba ukhankanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo: amayeza achaphazela amajoni omzimba afana ne-azathioprine (Imuran); i-cyclosporine (iNeoral, iSandimmune); umhlaza chemotherapy amayeza; imethotrexate (Rheumatrex); i-sirolimus (iRapamune); i-steroids yomlomo efana ne-dexamethasone (i-Decadron, i-Dexone), i-methylprednisolone (Medrol), kunye ne-prednisone (Deltasone); okanye itacrolimus (Prograf). Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho okanye akubeke esweni ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uthathe i-oseltamivir ukunyanga okanye ukuthintela umkhuhlane.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unaso nasiphi na isifo okanye imeko echaphazela amajoni akho omzimba anjenge-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) okanye i-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS) okanye ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, semiphunga, okanye sezintso.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe, cwangcisa ukukhulelwa, okanye uncancisa. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa uthatha i-oseltamivir, tsalela ugqirha wakho.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba abantu, ngakumbi abantwana kunye nolutsha, abanomkhuhlane banokudideka, baphazamiseke, okanye bakhathazeke, kwaye baziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga, baxhuzule okanye babone izinto ezingekhoyo (bona izinto okanye uve amazwi angabikho), okanye bazenzakalise okanye bazibulale . Wena okanye umntwana wakho unokukhulisa ezi mpawu nokuba wena okanye umntwana wakho usebenzisa i-oseltamivir, kwaye iimpawu zingaqala kungekudala emva kokuqalisa unyango ukuba uyalisebenzisa iyeza. Ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane, kufuneka ubukele indlela aziphethe ngayo ngononophelo kwaye ubize ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba uyabhideka okanye uziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ukuba unomkhuhlane, wena, usapho lwakho, okanye umntu omkhathalelayo kufuneka ubize ugqirha ngoko nangoko xa unokudideka, uziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga, okanye ucinga ngokuzenzakalisa. Qiniseka ukuba usapho lwakho okanye umntu okhathalelayo uyazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokuba nobuzaza ukuze babize ugqirha ukuba awukwazi ukuzifunela unyango ngokwakho.
• buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufanelekile ukuba ugonyelwe umkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. I-Oseltamivir ayithathi ndawo kugonyo lonyaka lomkhuhlane. Ukuba ufumene okanye uceba ukufumana isitofu sokugonya se-intranasal flu (i-FluMist; iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane elitshizelwe ngempumlo), kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-oseltamivir. I-Oseltamivir inokwenza ukuba isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane we-intranasal sisebenze kancinci ukuba sithathwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-2 emva okanye kwiiyure ezingama-48 ngaphambi kokuba kunikezelwe iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane we-intranasal.
• Ukuba ukunganyamezelani kwe-fructose (imeko ezuzwe njengelifa apho umzimba ungenayo iprotein efunekayo yokuphula i-fructose, iswekile yeziqhamo, enje nge-sorbitol), kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ukumiswa kwe-oseltamivir kunencasa nge-sorbitol. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba awunyamezeli i-fructose.

Ukuba ulibale ukuthatha idosi, yithathe ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uyikhumbule. Ukuba azikho ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2 ngaphambi kwethamo lakho elizayo, tsiba idosi ephosiweyo kwaye uqhubeke neshedyuli yakho yesiqhelo. Ukuba uphosa idosi ezininzi, tsalela ugqirha wakho umkhombandlela. Sukuthatha idosi ephindwe kabini ukwenza eyilahlekileyo.

I-Oseltamivir inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• isisu esibuhlungu
• urhudo
• intloko ebuhlungu

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu okanye ezo zikhankanyiweyo KWINKCAZELO EYODWA, biza ugqirha ngoko nangoko:

• irhashalala, urticaria, okanye iblisters kulusu
• izilonda zomlomo
• ukurhawuzelela
• ukudumba kobuso okanye ulwimi
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• ukudinwa
• ukudideka
• iingxaki zokuthetha
• iintshukumo ezingcangcazelisayo
• ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (ukubona izinto okanye ukuva amazwi angabikho)

Ukuba uhlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, wena okanye ugqirha wakho ungathumela ingxelo kwiNkqubo yoKutya kunye nezoLawulo (i-FDA) yeMedWatch yeNkqubo yokuNgxelo ngezeMeko eziGwenxa kwi-Intanethi (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) okanye ngomnxeba ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina eli yeza kwisikhongozeli lingena lingenakufikelela ebantwaneni. Gcina iifomsile kubushushu begumbi kwaye kude nobushushu obuninzi kunye nokufuma (hayi kwigumbi lokuhlambela). Ukumiswa kwe-oseltamivir yorhwebo kunokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 okanye kwifriji kangangeentsuku ezili-17. Ukumiswa kwe-Oseltamivir okulungiselelwe ngusokhemesti kunokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu okanye kwifriji kangangeentsuku ezingama-35. Sukuyenza ngumkhenkce ukumiswa kwe-oseltamivir.

Kubalulekile ukugcina onke amayeza ngaphandle kwamehlo kunye nokufikelela kwabantwana njengezikhongozeli ezininzi (ezinje ngeeveki zeepilisi zeveki kunye nezo zamehlo, iikhrim, iipatches, kunye ne-inhalers) azinyangeki kwaye abantwana abancinci banokuzivula ngokulula. Ukukhusela abantwana abancinci kwiityhefu, soloko ukhiya iminqwazi yokhuseleko kwaye ubeke amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo-leyo iphakame kwaye iphakame kwaye ingabonakali kubo kwaye ifikelele kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Amayeza angafunekiyo kufuneka achithwe ngeendlela ezizodwa zokuqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu abanakuzisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uligungxule eli yeza kwindlu yangasese. Endaweni yoko, eyona ndlela yokulahla amayeza akho yinkqubo yokubuyisa amayeza. Thetha kumayeza wakho okanye unxibelelane nesebe lakho lenkunkuma / lokurisayikilisha ukuze ufunde malunga neenkqubo zokubuyisa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Jonga i-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba awunakho ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokubuyisa.

Kwimeko yokugqithisa, fowunela umnxeba wolawulo lwetyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222. Ulwazi lukwafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ukuba ixhoba liye lawa, laxhuzula, linengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye alikwazi ukuvuswa, ngoko nangoko lifowunele iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngo-911.

Iimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu zinokubandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha

I-Oseltamivir ayikuyeki ekubeni unike abanye umkhuhlane. Kufuneka uhlambe izandla zakho rhoqo, kwaye uphephe izinto ezifana nokwabelana ngeekomityi kunye nezixhobo ezinokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye.

Musa ukuvumela nabani na ukuba athathe amayeza akho. Umyalelo wakho mhlawumbi awuyi kuphinda ugcwaliswe. Ukuba usenempawu zomkhuhlane emva kokuba ugqibe ukuthatha i-oseltamivir, tsalela ugqirha wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinjengeevithamini, iiminerali, okanye ezinye izongezo zokutya. Kuya kufuneka uze nolu luhlu qho xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Kukwabalulekile ulwazi ukuba uphathe nawe xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

• Tamiflu^®