Ukuqaqanjelwa sisifo sombefu

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zokuba mandundu kwesifo sombefu?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuqaqamba kwesifuba?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokuqatshelwa sisifuba?
• Sichaphazeleka njani isifo sombefu?
• Uvavanyo lokuhamba okuphezulu
• Spirometry
• Uvavanyo lwe-nitric oxide
• Uvavanyo lweqondo leoksijini yegazi
• Sinyangeka njani isifo sombefu?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abane-asthma?
• Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuthintela ukonyuka kwesi sifo?
• Iingcebiso zokuthintela
  

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuqatsela kwesifuba?

Isifo sombefu sisifo esingapheliyo semiphunga. Kubangela ukudumba kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwakho. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuhamba komoya wakho.

Iimpawu zesifo sombefu ziyafika zihambe. Xa iimpawu zivutha kwaye ziqhubeka ziba nzima, kunokubizwa ngokuba:

• ukwanda
• uhlaselo
• isiqendu
• ukuvutha

Iindlela zakho zomoya zidumbile ngexesha lokonyuka okunamandla. Izivumelwano zakho zemisipha kunye neetyhubhu zakho ezinobunzima zincinci. Ukuphefumla ngesiqhelo kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Nokuba ukhe wanexhala ngaphambili kwaye uyazi ukuba wenzeni, isengumbono olungileyo ukudibana nogqirha wakho. Ukuqaqanjelwa sisifo sombefu kuyingozi kwaye kunokuba semngciphekweni wokufa. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu kwangoko kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uphuhlise "isicwangciso se-asthma" sendlela yokunyanga iimpawu zakho. Sebenza nogqirha wakho ukuza nendlela yokwenza ntoni xa iimpawu zakho zisenyuka.

Ziintoni iimpawu zokuba mandundu kwesifo sombefu?

Iimpawu zesifo sombefu ziyahluka. Awunakho ukuba neempawu phakathi kokunyuka. Iimpawu zinokubakho ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima. Banokubandakanya:

• ukuvutha
• ukukhohlela
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Ukugqithisa kungadlula ngokukhawuleza okanye ngaphandle kwamayeza. Inokuhlala iiyure ezininzi. Okukhona iqhubeka ixesha elide, kokukhona kuya kuchaphazela amandla akho okuphefumla. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuxakeka kakhulu okanye ukuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu kubandakanya:

• ukuphazamiseka
• Uxinzelelo
• ukwanda kwentliziyo
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga
• kunzima ukuthetha okanye ukuphefumla

Le miqondiso kunye neempawu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngonyango olungxamisekileyo. Shayela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho nayiphi na eyenzekayo.

Yintoni ebangela ukuqaqamba kwesifuba?

Ukunyuka okunamandla kunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela zezi:

• izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula
• umkhuhlane
• izifo ezifana nomungu, ukungunda kunye nothuli
• iikati nezinja
• umsi wecuba
• ukubanda, umoya owomileyo
• umthambo
• isifo se-reflux sesisu

Inokuba kukudityaniswa kwezinto eziseta ukusabela kwetyathanga. Kuba zininzi izinto ezinokubangela, akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuba uchaze oyena nobangela.

Funda nzulu malunga nonobangela wesifuba.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokuqatshelwa sisifuba?

Nabani na onesifo sombefu usengozini yokuba mandundu kakhulu. Owona mngcipheko mkhulu ukuba ubunayo ngaphambili, ngakumbi ukuba yayinzulu ngokwaneleyo ukutyelelwa kwegumbi likaxakeka. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• usebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-inhalers ezimbini zokuhlangula ngenyanga
• ukuba nesifo sombefu, okanye uhlaselo, olwenzeka ngesiquphe
• ukuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo
• ukutshaya
• ukungasebenzisi amayeza esifuba njengoko kuyalelwe
• ukubanda, umkhuhlane, okanye olunye usulelo lokuphefumla

Omnye wabonisa ukuba abasetyhini bahlala benesifo se-asthma ngaphezulu kunamadoda. Abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika nabaseSpain abane-asthma bangeniswa esibhedlele ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinga eliphezulu kunabantu baseCaucasus.

Sichaphazeleka njani isifo sombefu?

Ukuba ukhe wanexhala elibi ngaphambili, uya kuthi uqonde iimpawu. Ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukuxilonga ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ngaba kukuqala kwakho ukonyuka okuqatha, ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka ayazi imbali yakho yezonyango, ngakumbi imbali yakho yesifuba. Ukwenza uxilongo olufanelekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi wakho wemiphunga.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza njani:

Uvavanyo lokuhamba okuphezulu

Uvavanyo lokuhamba okuphezulu lokulinganisa ukuba ungangxama kangakanani na. Ukufumana ukufundwa, uvuthela emlonyeni ngokungathi unakho. Unokusebenzisa imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu ekhaya.

Spirometry

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa i-spirometer. Lo matshini unokulinganisa ukuba ukhawuleza njani ukuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ikwamisela ukuba ingakanani imiphunga onokuyibamba. Ukufumana le milinganiselo, kuya kufuneka uphefumle umbhobho okhethekileyo odityaniswe kwimitha.

Uvavanyo lwe-nitric oxide

Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuphefumla ngomlomo olinganisa inani le-nitric oxide ekuphefumlweni kwakho. Inqanaba eliphezulu lithetha ukuba iityhubhu zakho ezinobushushu zitshisile.

Uvavanyo lweqondo leoksijini yegazi

Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu, kusenokufuneka ukujonga inqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho. Oku kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-oximeter yokubetha. I-oximeter yokubetha sisixhobo esincinci esibekwe esiphelweni somnwe wakho. Uvavanyo luthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukulugqiba kwaye lunokwenziwa ekhaya.

Thenga i-oximeter yokubetha ekhaya.

Sinyangeka njani isifo sombefu?

Uninzi lwexesha, ukunyuka kwesifuba kunokulawulwa ekhaya okanye ngokundwendwela ugqirha wakho. Isicwangciso sesifuba osenzileyo kunye nogqirha wakho sinokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kunye nokuhlaselwa ngamandla.

Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka okunamandla kuhlala kukhokelela kuhambo oluya kwigumbi likaxakeka. Unyango olungxamisekileyo lunokubandakanya:

• Ulawulo lweoksijini
• i-inetaled beta-2 agonists, ezinje ngealbuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA)
• ii-corticosteroids, ezinjenge-fluticasone (iFlovent Diskus, iFlovent HFA)

Ukunyuka okunamandla kufuna ukubekwa esweni ngokusondeleyo. Ugqirha wakho unokuphinda uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo amaxesha amaninzi. Awuyi kukhutshwa de imiphunga yakho isebenze ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza, kungafuneka ungeniswe iintsuku ezimbalwa de uchache.

Kuya kufuneka uthathe i-corticosteroids kangangeentsuku ezininzi emva kokunyuka. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngononophelo olulandelayo.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abane-asthma?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-asthma bayakwazi ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi.

Ukuqaqanjelwa sisifo sombefu kunokuba sisisongelo ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo xa sele iphantsi kolawulo. Ewe uyakufuna ukunqanda izinto ezaziwayo kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho kulawulo lwesifuba sakho.

Ukuba une-asthma, kuya kufuneka ubenesicwangciso sokusebenza. Sebenza nogqirha wakho ukuza nesicwangciso ukuze wazi ukuba wenzeni xa iimpawu zisenyuka.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuthintela ukonyuka kwesi sifo?

Iingcebiso zokuthintela

• Qinisekisa ukuba unoncedo olwaneleyo lwamayeza akho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ngononophelo.
• Cinga ngokufumana imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa kwekhaya.
• Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba amayeza akho akasebenzi. Umthamo unokuhlengahlengiswa okanye ungazama elinye iyeza. Injongo kukugcina ukudumba kubuncinci.
• Khumbula ukuba ukunyanga isifo sombefu ngaphandle kokulibazisa kubalulekile. Nakuphi na ukulibaziseka kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu xa unomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
• Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba unesisongelo esiqatha.

Akululanga, kodwa ukuba ungachonga izinto ezibangela ukwanda, ungazama ukuziphepha kwixa elizayo.

Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde indlela yokulawula i-asthma yakho. Ngokuyigcina phantsi kolawulo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, uya kuwanciphisa amathuba okuba mandundu kakhulu.