Nefritis Acute

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-nephritis ebukhali
• I-nephritis yangaphakathi
• IPyelonephritis
• IGlomerulonephritis
• Yintoni ebangela nephritis etsolo?
• I-nephritis yangaphakathi
• IPyelonephritis
• IGlomerulonephritis
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-nephritis ebukhali?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-acute nephritis?
• Ichaphazeleka njani i-acute nephritis?
• Njani na necrritis etsolo?
• Amayeza
• Izibonelelo
• Uxilongo
• Unonophelo lwasekhaya
• Yitya isodiyam encinci
  
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?
• Imithombo yenqaku

Ushwankathelo

Izintso zakho zizihluzo zomzimba wakho. La malungu mabini amile okweembotyi yinkqubo ephucukileyo yokususa inkunkuma. Bacwangcisa i-120 ukuya kwi-150 yeekota zegazi ngosuku kwaye basuse ukuya kuthi ga kwiikota ezi-2 zeemveliso zenkunkuma kunye namanzi agqithisileyo, ngokweZiko leSizwe leSwekile kunye neDigestive kunye neZintso Izifo (i-NIDDK).

I-nephritis ebukhali yenzeka xa izintso zakho zitshisa ngesiquphe. I-acute nephritis inezizathu ezininzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni inokukhokelela ekusileleni kwezintso ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa. Le meko yayisaziwa njengesifo sikaBright.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-nephritis ebukhali

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi nephritis etsolo:

I-nephritis yangaphakathi

Kwi-nephritis yangaphakathi, izithuba phakathi kweetubules zezintso ziyavutha. Oku kudumba kubangela ukuba izintso zidumbe.

IPyelonephritis

I-Pyelonephritis kukudumba kwezintso, zihlala zibangelwa kukusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo luqala ngaphakathi kwisinyi kwaye emva koko lufudusele i-ureters kunye nezintso. IUreters zimbini iityhubhu ezihambisa umchamo kwizintso nganye ukuya kwisinyi.

IGlomerulonephritis

Olu hlobo lwe-nephritis ebukhali luvelisa ukudumba kwi-glomeruli. Kukho izigidi zee-capillaries ngaphakathi kwintso nganye. IGlomeruli ngamaqoqo amancinci ee-capillaries ahambisa igazi kwaye aziphathe njengeeyunithi zokucoca. I-glomeruli eyonakalisiweyo kunye neyasulelayo ayinakulicoca igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-glomerulonephritis.

Yintoni ebangela nephritis etsolo?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-nephritis etsolo lunezizathu zalo.

I-nephritis yangaphakathi

Olu hlobo luhlala lubangelwa kukunganyangeki kunyango okanye iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane. Ukuphendula okungahambelaniyo komzimba kukuphendula kwangoko komzimba kwinto yangaphandle. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ugqirha wakho ukumisele iyeza ukuze likuncede, kodwa umzimba ulijonge njengesixhobo esiyingozi. Oku kwenza ukuba umzimba uhlasele ngokwawo, ukhokelela kukudumba.

I-potassium esezantsi egazini lakho sesinye sezizathu zangaphakathi ze-nephritis. I-Potassium inceda ukulawula imisebenzi emininzi emzimbeni, kubandakanya ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokucola komzimba.

Ukuthatha amayeza ixesha elide kunokonakalisa izicubu zezintso kwaye kukhokelele kwi-nephritis yangaphakathi.

IPyelonephritis

Uninzi lwamatyala e-pyelonephritis avelaE.coli usulelo lwebhaktiriya. Olu hlobo lwebacteria lufumaneka ikakhulu emathunjini amakhulu kwaye lukhutshiwe kwisitulo sakho. Iibhaktheriya ziyakwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-urethra ukuya kwi-bladder kunye nezintso, okubangelwa yi-pyelonephritis.

Nangona usulelo lwebacteria lusisizathu esibangela isifo se-pyelonephritis, ezinye izizathu ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• iimviwo zokuchama ezisebenzisa i-cystoscope, isixhobo esijonga ngaphakathi kwisinyi
• utyando lwesinyi, izintso, okanye ureters
• ukuyilwa kwamatye ezintso, ukubunjwa okufana nelitye okubandakanya izimbiwa kunye nezinye izinto zenkunkuma

IGlomerulonephritis

Unobangela ophambili wolu hlobo losulelo lwezintso alwaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zinokukhuthaza usulelo, kubandakanya:

• iingxaki kumajoni omzimba
• imbali yomhlaza
• ithumba eliqhekezayo lihambe liye kwizintso zakho ngegazi lakho

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-nephritis ebukhali?

Abanye abantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nephritis ebukhali. Imiba yomngcipheko we-nephritis ebukhali ibandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yesifo sezintso kunye nosulelo
• ukuba nesifo se-immune system, njenge-lupus
• ukuthatha amayeza amaninzi okanye amayeza entlungu
• utyando lwamva nje lwephepha lokuchama

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-acute nephritis?

Iimpawu zakho ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-nephritis ebukhali onayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zazo zontathu iintlobo ze-nephritis ebukhali zezi:

• iintlungu esinqeni
• iintlungu okanye imvakalelo evuthayo ngelixa uchama
• imfuneko yokuchama rhoqo
• umchamo onamafu
• igazi okanye ubofu kumchamo
• iintlungu kwindawo yezintso okanye isisu
• ukudumba komzimba, ngokuqhelekileyo ebusweni, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni
• ukugabha
• ifiva
• igazi elonyukayo

Ichaphazeleka njani i-acute nephritis?

Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye athathe imbali yonyango ukumisela ukuba ngaba unokuba semngciphekweni owandayo we-nephritis ebukhali.

Uvavanyo lweLebhu lunokuqinisekisa okanye lukhuphe ubukho bosulelo. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya uhlalutyo lokuchama, oluvavanya ubukho begazi, intsholongwane, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBCs). Ubukho obukhulu bezi zinto bunokubonisa usulelo.

Ugqirha unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi. Izikhombisi ezibini ezibalulekileyo ligazi urea nitrogen (BUN) kunye ne-creatinine. Ezi yimveliso yenkunkuma ejikeleza egazini, kwaye izintso zinoxanduva lokuzicoca. Ukuba kukho ukwanda kwala manani, oku kungabonisa ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle.

Iskena sokucinga, esinjenge-CT scan okanye i-renal ultrasound, sinokubonisa ukuvaleka okanye ukudumba kwezintso okanye umchamo.

I-biopsy ye-renal yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufumanisa isifo se-nephritis. Ngenxa yokuba oku kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kwesampulu yokwenyani yezintso, olu vavanyo alwenziwa kuwo wonke umntu. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba umntu akaphenduli kakuhle kunyango, okanye ukuba ugqirha kufuneka ayichaze ngokuqinisekileyo imeko.

Njani na necrritis etsolo?

Unyango lwe-glomerulonephritis kunye nephritis yangaphakathi inokufuna ukunyanga iimeko ezingunobangela weengxaki. Umzekelo, ukuba amayeza owasebenzisayo abangela iingxaki zezintso, ugqirha wakho unokumisela elinye iyeza.

Amayeza

Ugqirha uya kuthi amisele i-antibiotics ukunyanga usulelo lwezintso. Ukuba usulelo lwakho lubi kakhulu, unokufuna i-intravenous (IV) antibiotics ngaphakathi kwisibhedlele. Ii-antibiotics ze-IV zihlala zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kune-antibiotics kwifom yeepilisi. Usulelo olunjenge-pyelonephritis lunokubangela iintlungu. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okuphelisa iintlungu njengoko uchacha.

Ukuba izintso zakho zitshise kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-corticosteroids.

Izibonelelo

Xa izintso zakho zingasebenzi ngokunjalo, zinokuchaphazela ibhalansi ye-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho. Ii-Electrolyte, ezinje nge potassium, isodiyam, kunye nemagniziyam, zinoxanduva lokudala iimpendulo zamachiza emzimbeni. Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte aphezulu kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokumisela ulwelo lwe-IV ukukhuthaza izintso zakho ukuba zikhuphe ii-electrolyte ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba ii-electrolyte zakho ziphantsi, unokufuna ukuthatha izongezo. Ezi zinokubandakanya iipotassium okanye iiphosphorus. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uthathe naziphi na izongezo ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kunye nengcebiso yakho.

Uxilongo

Ukuba umsebenzi wakho wezintso ukhubazeke kakhulu ngenxa yosulelo lwakho, unokufuna i-dialysis. Le yinkqubo apho umatshini okhethekileyo usebenza njengezintso ezingezizo. I-Dialysis inokuba yimfuneko yethutyana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izintso zakho zifumene umonakalo omkhulu, unokufuna i-dialysis ngokusisigxina.

Unonophelo lwasekhaya

Xa une-nephritis ebukhali, umzimba wakho ufuna ixesha kunye namandla okuphilisa. Ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma ukuphumla kokulala ngexesha lokufumana kwakho. Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba wandise ukutya kwakho okungamanzi. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukomisa amanzi emzimbeni kwaye ugcine izintso zihluza ukukhupha inkunkuma.

Ukuba imeko yakho ichaphazela umsebenzi wakho wezintso, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukutya okukhethekileyo okuphantsi kwii-electrolyte ezithile, njenge potassium. Iziqhamo nemifuno zininzi kwi-potassium. Ugqirha wakho unokukuyalela malunga nokutya okusezantsi kwi-potassium.

Unokuntywila imifuno emanzini kwaye unkcenkceshele amanzi ngaphambi kokuba uzipheke. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-leaching, ingasusa i-potassium eyongezelelweyo.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukutya okuphezulu kwe-sodium. Xa une-sodium eninzi egazini lakho, izintso zakho zibambelele emanzini. Oku kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa isodium ekutyeni kwakho.

Yitya isodiyam encinci

• Sebenzisa inyama kunye nemifuno esandula ukwenziwa endaweni yokupakisha.Ukutya okuphekiweyo kudla ngokuba phezulu kwi-sodium.
• Khetha ukutya okubhalwe "sodium ephantsi" okanye "akukho sodium" xa kunokwenzeka.
• Xa usitya ngaphandle, cela iserver yakho yokutyela ukuba icele ukuba umda wetyuwa wongezwe kwiitya zakho.
• Ixesha lokutya kwakho ngeziqholo kunye nemifuno endaweni yesiniti edityaniswe nesodium okanye ityuwa.

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Zonke iintlobo ezintathu ze-nephritis ebukhali ziya kuphucula ngonyango kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko yakho ayinyangwa, unokuba nesifo sezintso. Ukusilela kwezintso kwenzeka xa enye okanye zombini izintso ziyeka ukusebenza okwexeshana okanye ngokusisigxina. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, unokufuna i-dialysis ngokusisigxina. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango kwangoko kuyo nayiphi na imiba ekrokrelwayo yezintso.

Imithombo yenqaku

• Uxilongo. (2015). https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dialysisinfo
• Izifo zeGlomerular. (2014). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/glomerular-diseases
• UHaider DG, et al. (2012). I-biopsy yezintso kwizigulana ezine-glomerulonephritis: Ngaba kungcono ngaphambili? INGXELO: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-13-34
• IHaladyj E, et al. (2016). Ngaba sisafuna i-renal biopsy kwi-lupus nephritis? INGXELO: https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2016.60214
• I-nephritis yangaphakathi. (nd). http://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-nephritis
• Usulelo lwezintso (pyelonephritis). (2017). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-infection-pyelonephritis/all-content
• Iingcebiso ezili-10 eziphezulu zokunciphisa ityuwa ekutyeni kwakho. (nd). https://www.kidney.org/news/ekidney/june10/Salt_june10
• Izintso zakho kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo. (2014). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work
• Yintoni isifo sezintso (sezintso) - iPyelonephritis? (nd). http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/kidney-(renal)-infection-pyelonephritis