Unyango losulelo olungxamisekileyo oluphezulu

Umxholo

• Sisifo esosulelayo sokuphefumla esiqatha?
• Yintoni ebangela usuleleko oluphezulu oluphefumulayo?
• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane
• Zeziphi iintlobo zentsholongwane ephezulu yokuphefumla?
• Isinusitis
• Epiglottitis
• Laryngitis
• IBronchitis
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wosulelo oluphezulu oluphezulu lokuphefumla?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zentsholongwane engxamisekileyo yokuphefumla?
• Luchaphazeleka njani usulelo oluphezulu oluphefumulayo?
• Ngaba unyango lwe-acute ephezulu yokuphefumla luphathwa njani?
• Zingathintelwa njani izifo ezosulelekileyo zokuphefumla?

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Sisifo esosulelayo sokuphefumla esiqatha?

Nabani na owakha wanengqele uyazi ngezifo zokuphefumla (i-URIs). I-URI ebukhali sisifo esosulelayo sephepha lakho lokuphefumla. Indawo yakho ephezulu yokuphefumla ibandakanya impumlo, umqala, ipharynx, ingqula, kunye nebronchi.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ukubanda okuqhelekileyo yeyona URI yaziwayo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-URIs zibandakanya i-sinusitis, i-pharyngitis, i-epiglottitis, kunye ne-tracheobronchitis. Umkhuhlane, kwelinye icala, ayisiyo i-URI kuba sisigulo esisemgangathweni.

Yintoni ebangela usuleleko oluphezulu oluphefumulayo?

Zombini iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya zinokubangela ii-URIs ezibi:

Iintsholongwane

• rhinovirus
• adenovirus
• webakube
• Intsholongwane yeparainfluenza
• intsholongwane ebangela usuleleko lwamalungu okuphefumla
• metapneumovirus yomntu

Iintsholongwane

• Iqela le-beta-hemolytic streptococci
• Iqela C beta-hemolytic streptococci
• I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (isifo somqala)
• I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ukuvuza ngaphantsi)
• I-Chlamydia pneumoniae (chlamydia)

Zeziphi iintlobo zentsholongwane ephezulu yokuphefumla?

Iindidi ze-URIs zibhekisa kumacandelo ephecana eliphezulu lokuphefumla elichaphazeleka kakhulu kusulelo. Ukongeza kwingqele eqhelekileyo, kukho ezinye iintlobo ze-URIs:

Isinusitis

Sinusitis ukudumba sinuses.

Epiglottitis

I-Epiglottitis kukukrala kwe-epiglottis, elona nxalenye liphezulu lwetrachea yakho. Ikhusela indlela yomoya evela kumasuntswana angaphandle anokungena kwimiphunga. Ukudumba kwe-epiglottis kuyingozi kuba kunokuthintela ukuhamba komoya kwi-trachea.

Laryngitis

I-Laryngitis kukudumba kwengqula okanye ibhokisi yelizwi.

IBronchitis

Ukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial bronchitis. Iityhubhu ze-bronchial zasekunene nezasekhohlo zivela kwitrachea kwaye uye ngasekunene nasemiphungeni yasekhohlo.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wosulelo oluphezulu oluphezulu lokuphefumla?

Ingqele eqhelekileyo sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokundwendwela ugqirha eMelika. Ii-URIs zisasazeka zisuka komnye umntu ziye komnye ngokusebenzisa amathontsi e-aerosol kunye nokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kwezandla. Umngcipheko unyuka kwezi meko:

• Xa umntu ogulayo ethimla okanye ekhohlela engagqumanga iimpumlo nomlomo ngamathontsi aqukethe iintsholongwane afafazwa emoyeni.
• Xa abantu bekwindawo evaliweyo okanye ekuxineneyo. Abantu abasezibhedlele, kumaziko, ezikolweni, nakumaziko okunakekelwa kwabantwana banomngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa yoqhakamshelwano olusondeleyo.
• Xa uchukumisa impumlo okanye amehlo. Usulelo lwenzeka xa iimfihlo ezosulelekileyo zidibana nempumlo okanye amehlo. Iintsholongwane zinokuhlala kwizinto, ezinjengee-doorknobs.
• Ngexesha lekwindla nasebusika (ngoSeptemba ukuya kuMatshi), xa abantu kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba babe ngaphakathi.
• Xa ukufuma kuphantsi. Ukufudumeza ngaphakathi kuthanda ukusinda kwiintsholongwane ezininzi ezibangela ii-URIs.
• Ukuba amajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Ziintoni iimpawu zentsholongwane engxamisekileyo yokuphefumla?

Impumlo egudileyo, ukuxinana kwempumlo, ukuthimla, ukukhohlela, kunye nemveliso yencindi ziimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-URIs. Iimpawu zibangelwa kukudumba kwenwebu yangaphakathi kwiindlela zokuphefumla. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• ukudinwa
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu ngexesha lokuginya
• ukuvutha

Luchaphazeleka njani usulelo oluphezulu oluphefumulayo?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-URIs bayayazi into abanayo. Banokutyelela ugqirha wabo ukuze bafumane isiqabu kwiimpawu. Uninzi lwe-URIs luchongwa ngokujonga imbali yonyango lomntu kunye nokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Uvavanyo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-URIs zezi:

• I-swab yomqala: Ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-antigen kunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iqela le-beta-hemolytic strep ngokukhawuleza.
• Intamo yeX-reyi yentsimbi: Olu vavanyo lunokuyalelwa ukuba lukhuphe i-epiglottitis ukuba kunzima ukuphefumla.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba ukrokrela inyumoniya.
• Iiskrini ze-CT: Olu vavanyo lungasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-sinusitis.

Ngaba unyango lwe-acute ephezulu yokuphefumla luphathwa njani?

Ii-URIs ziphathwa kakhulu ukukhululeka kweempawu. Abanye abantu bayazuza ekusetyenzisweni kweempawu zokukhohlela, ii-expectorants, i-vitamin C, kunye ne-zinc ukunciphisa iimpawu okanye ukunciphisa ixesha. Olunye unyango lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuyekiswa kweempumlo kungaphucula ukuphefumla. Kodwa unyango lunokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kunokubangela ukuxinana kweempumlo.
• Ukusezela umphunga kunye nokugcoba amanzi anetyuwa yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokufumana isiqabu kwiimpawu ze-URI.
• Ama-analgesics afana ne-acetaminophen kunye ne-NSAID anokunceda ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, iintlungu kunye neentlungu.

Thenga izinto zokuthintela ukukhwehlela, ii-expectorants, i-vitamin C, i-zinc, kunye ne-steam inhalers ezikwi-intanethi.

Zingathintelwa njani izifo ezosulelekileyo zokuphefumla?

Olona khuseleko lubalaseleyo kwi-URIs kukuhlamba izandla rhoqo ngesepha namanzi. Ukuhlamba izandla kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwemfihlo enokusasaza isifo. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezimbalwa:

• Kuphephe ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nabantu abagulayo.
• Sula izinto ezinje ngolawulo olukude, iifowuni, kunye neebhokisi zeminyango ezinokuchukunyiswa ngabantu abasendlini abane-URI.
• Vala umlomo wakho kunye nempumlo ukuba nguwe ogulayo.
• Hlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula.