Ukuxhuma kwezihlunu

Ukudibana kwemisipha kukuhamba okuhle kwendawo encinci yemisipha.

Ukudibanisa izihlunu kubangelwa kukuncipha kwezihlunu ezincinci kuloo ndawo, okanye ukujija okungalawulekiyo kweqela lezihlunu elinikwa yifayibha yemoto enye.

Ukudumba kwemisipha kuncinci kwaye kuhlala kungabonakali. Ezinye ziqhelekile kwaye ziqhelekile. Eminye imiqondiso yenkqubo yovalo.

Izizathu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka komzimba, njenge-Isaac syndrome.
• Ukugqithisa iziyobisi (i-caffeine, i-amphetamines, okanye ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo).
• Ukungabikho kobuthongo.
• Iziphumo zecala leziyobisi (ezinje nge-diuretics, i-corticosteroids, okanye i-estrogens).
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba (ukujija kubonwa emva kokuzilolonga).
• Ukungabikho kwezondlo ekudleni (ukusilela).
• Uxinzelelo.
• Iimeko zonyango ezibangela ukuphazamiseka komzimba, kubandakanya i-potassium esezantsi, isifo sezintso kunye ne-uremia.
• Ukutsalwa okungabangelwa sisifo okanye ukuphazamiseka (ii-twitch ezinobungozi), zihlala zichaphazela iinkophe, ithole, okanye isithupha. Ezi ngxaki ziqhelekile kwaye ziqhelekile, kwaye zihlala zibangelwa luxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Ezi zinto zitshintshayo zinokuza zidlule, kwaye zihlala zingapheli ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Iimeko zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo enokubangela ukujija kwezihlunu zibandakanya:

• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaLou Gehrig okanye isifo se-motor neurone
• I-Neuropathy okanye ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo ekhokelela kwimisipha
• Umqolo we-atrophy yemisipha
• Izihlunu ezibuthathaka (myopathy)

Iimpawu zesifo se-nervous system ziquka:

• Ukuphulukana, okanye ukutshintsha, uvakalelo
• Ukuphulukana nobungakanani bemisipha (ukumosha)
• Ubuthathaka

Akukho lunyango lufunekayo lokuchaphazela izihlunu ezinobungozi kwimeko ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunyanga unobangela wezonyango kunokuphucula iimpawu.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba uneemisipha zexesha elide okanye eziqhubekayo okanye ukuba ukudilika kwenzeka ngobuthathaka okanye ukulahleka kwemisipha.

Umboneleli wakho uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba.

Imibuzo yembali yezonyango inokubandakanya:

• Uqale nini ukuqaphela ukujija?
• Ihlala ixesha elingakanani?
• Kukangaphi apho ufumana khona ukujija?
• Zeziphi izihlunu ezichaphazelekayo?
• Ngaba ihlala ikwindawo enye?
• Ukhulelwe?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu onazo?

Uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokurhanelwa, kwaye sinokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iingxaki nge-electrolyte, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kunye nekhemistry yegazi
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT komqolo okanye kwengqondo
• Umbane (EMG)
• Izifundo zokuqhuba ngemithambo
• Iskena seMRI yomqolo okanye ingqondo

Ubuhle bemisipha; Ukuqaqanjelwa kwemisipha

• Izihlunu zangaphakathi ezinzulu
• Imisipha yangaphandle yangaphandle
• Iitendon kunye nezihlunu
• Imisipha yomlenze osezantsi

UDeluca GC, uGriggs RC. Indlela yesigulana ngesifo se-neurologic. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 368.

Iholo JE, iHolo ME. Ukuthintela umsipha wamathambo. Ku: Iholo JE, IHolo ME, ii-eds. Incwadi kaGuyton kunye neHolo yePhysical Physiology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 6.

U-Weissenborn K, uLockwood AH. I-encephalopathies enetyhefu kunye ne-metabolic. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahl. 84.