Intsilelo yoqwalaselo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD): Indima yeDopamine

Umxholo

• Abahambisa i-Dopamine kunye ne-ADHD
• Luthini uphando?
• I-ADHD iphathwa njani?
• Amayeza anyusa i-dopamine
• Olunye unyango
• Ezinye izizathu ze-ADHD
• Yise kude

Yintoni i-ADHD?

Ukuqwalaselwa kwentsilelo yokuchaphazeleka kwengqondo (ADHD) sisifo se-neurodevelopmental disorder. Abantu abane-ADHD banobunzima ekugcineni ingqalelo okanye baneziqendu zokungasebenzi kakuhle eziphazamisa ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

Abantu ngamanye amaxesha babhekisa kuyo njenge-ADD, kodwa i-ADHD ligama elamkelweyo kwezonyango.

I-ADHD iqhelekile. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezili-11 zabantwana bane-ADHD, ngelixa iipesenti ezi-4.4 zabantu abadala benayo le meko eUnited States.

I-ADHD ihlala iqala ebuntwaneni. Ihlala iqhubeka ngokufikisa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuya ebudaleni.

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD bahlala benobunzima ekugxileni kunabantu abangenayo i-ADHD. Banokwenza ngokungxama ngakumbi kunontanga yabo. Oku kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima kubo ukuba baqhube kakuhle esikolweni okanye emsebenzini kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Abahambisa i-Dopamine kunye ne-ADHD

Imiba esisiseko nengqondo inokuba sesona sizathu siphambili se-ADHD. Akukho mntu wazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba umntu abe ne-ADHD, kodwa abanye abaphandi bajonge kwi-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine njengegalelo kwi-ADHD.

I-Dopamine isivumela ukuba silawule iimpendulo zeemvakalelo kwaye sithathe inyathelo lokufezekisa umvuzo othile. Luxanduva lweemvakalelo zokuzonwabisa kunye nomvuzo.

Izazinzulu ziye zaqaphela ukuba amanqanaba e-dopamine ahlukile kubantu abane-ADHD kunalawo angenayo i-ADHD.

Ukholelwa ukuba lo mahluko kukuba ii-neurons kwingqondo nakwiisistim zemithambo-luvo zabantu abane-ADHD enganyangekiyo zinokuxinana okuncinci kweeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba ngabathuthi be-dopamine. Uxinaniso lwezi proteni lwaziwa njenge-dopamine transporter density (DTD).

Amanqanaba asezantsi e-DTD anokuba ngumngcipheko we-ADHD. Kungenxa yokuba umntu enamanqanaba asezantsi e-DTD, nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba une-ADHD. Oogqirha baya kuthi basebenzise uphononongo olupheleleyo ukwenza uxilongo olusemthethweni.

Luthini uphando?

Olunye lwezifundo zokuqala olwajonga i-DTD ebantwini lwapapashwa ngo-1999. Abaphandi baqaphela ukonyuka kwe-DTD kubantu abadala abayi-6 abane-ADHD xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba abafundayo ababengenayo i-ADHD. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukwanda kwe-DTD kunokuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokujonga i-ADHD.

Ukusukela kolu phando lwaphambi kwexesha, uphando luye lwaqhubeka ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabathuthi be-dopamine kunye ne-ADHD.

Uphononongo luka-2015 lujonge kuphando olubonisa ukuba i-dopamine transporter gene, i-DAT1, inokuchaphazela iimpawu ezifana ne-ADHD. Baphonononge abantu abadala abasempilweni abayi-1,289.

Uphando lubuziwe malunga nokunyanzeliswa, ukungakhathalelwa, kunye nokungazinzi kwemood, ezizinto ezintathu ezichaza i-ADHD. Kodwa isifundo asibonisanga nakuphi na ukudibana neempawu ze-ADHD kunye nokungaqhelekanga kohlobo ngaphandle kokungazinzi kwemood.

I-DTD kunye nemfuza efana ne-DAT1 ayizizo izalathi ze-ADHD. Uninzi lwezifundo zeklinikhi zibandakanye inani elincinci kuphela labantu. Izifundo ezingaphezulu ziyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izigqibo eziqinisekileyo.

Ukongeza, abanye abaphandi bathi ezinye izinto zinegalelo ngakumbi kwi-ADHD kunamanqanaba e-dopamine kunye ne-DTD.

Olunye uphononongo ngo-2013 lafumanisa ukuba inani lezinto ezingwevu kwingqondo linokuba negalelo kwi-ADHD ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba edopamine. Olunye uphando oluvela kwi-2006 lubonise ukuba abathuthi be-dopamine babephantsi kwiindawo zobuchopho basekhohlo kubathathi-nxaxheba abane-ADHD.

Ngezi ziphumo ziphikisanayo, kunzima ukutsho ukuba amanqanaba e-DTD ahlala ebonisa i-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa umanyano phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye namanqanaba asezantsi e-dopamine, kunye namanqanaba asezantsi e-DTD, iphakamisa ukuba i-dopamine inokuba lunyango lwe-ADHD.

I-ADHD iphathwa njani?

Amayeza anyusa i-dopamine

Amayeza amaninzi okunyanga umsebenzi we-ADHD ngokwandisa i-dopamine kunye nokukhuthaza ukugxila. La mayeza ahlala ekhuthaza. Babandakanya ii-amphetamines ezinje:

• amphetamine / dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
• imethylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin)

La mayeza anyusa amanqanaba e-dopamine kwingqondo ngokujolisa kubathuthi be-dopamine kunye nokwandisa amanqanaba e-dopamine.

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ekubeni ukuthatha idosi ephezulu yala mayeza kuya kukhokelela ekugxilwe ngakumbi nasekuqwalaselweni. Oku akuyonyaniso. Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-dopamine aphezulu kakhulu, oku kunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukuba ugxile.

Olunye unyango

Ngo-2003, i-FDA yavuma ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinganyangekiyo ukunyanga i-ADHD.

Ukongeza, oogqirha bancomela unyango ngokuziphatha kwabo bobabini umntu one-ADHD kunye nabo babathandayo. Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kubandakanya ukuya kwiphilisi eqinisekisiweyo yebhodi ngenjongo yokufumana iingcebiso.

Ezinye izizathu ze-ADHD

Izazinzulu aziqinisekanga ukuba yintoni ebangela i-ADHD. IDopamine kunye nabathuthi bayo zizinto nje ezimbini ezinokubakho.

Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba i-ADHD ihlala ixhaphake kwiintsapho. Oku kuchazwe ngokuyinxalenye kuba uninzi lweejini ezahlukeneyo zinokuba negalelo kwiziganeko ze-ADHD.

Iindlela ezininzi zokuphila kunye nokuziphatha kunokuba negalelo kwi-ADHD. Ziquka:

• Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinetyhefu, ezinje ngelothe, ngexa usana kunye nokuzala
• ukutshaya komama okanye ukusela ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi
• iingxaki ngexesha lokubeleka

Yise kude

Umanyano phakathi kwe-ADHD, i-dopamine, kunye ne-DTD iyathembisa. Amayeza athile asebenzayo ukunyanga iimpawu zomsebenzi we-ADHD ngokwandisa ifuthe le-dopamine emzimbeni. Abaphandi basaphanda lo mbutho.

Oko bekutshiwo, i-dopamine kunye ne-DTD ayizizo kuphela izizathu ezibangela i-ADHD. Abaphandi baphanda iinkcazo ezintsha ezinokubakho ezinje ngobungakanani bezinto ezingwevu kwingqondo.

Ukuba unayo i-ADHD okanye ukrokrela ukuba uyayenza, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunika isifo esifanelekileyo kwaye ungaqala kwisicwangciso esinokubandakanya iziyobisi kunye neendlela zendalo ezonyusa i-dopamine.

Unokwenza oku kulandelayo ukwandisa amanqanaba akho e-dopamine:

• Zama into entsha.
• Yenza uluhlu lwemisebenzi emincinci uyigqibe.
• Mamela umculo owuthandayo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Cinga kwaye wenze iyoga.