Amelanotic Melanoma

Umxholo

• Iimpawu
• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
• Unyango
• Uthintelo
• Ukulindelwa kobomi kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili
• Iingxaki kunye nembonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Amelanotic melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu ongavelisi naluphi na utshintsho kwi-melanin yakho. I-Melanin yi-pigment enika ulusu lwakho umbala.

Utshintsho kumbala wakho we-melanin unokubonisa ukuba i-melanoma iyakhula kulusu lwakho. Nge-melanoma ye-amelanotic, akusoloko kukho utshintsho lombala olubonakalayo kwindawo apho i-melanoma iyila khona. Indawo apho ikhula khona inokuba ngumbala obomvana okanye obomvana. Indawo leyo ayinakuba nawo nawuphi na umbala kuyo kwaphela. Ezinye iintlobo ze-melanoma ye-amelanotic inokudibanisa ngokungahambisani nolusu lwakho lonke.

Kulula ukuphoswa lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma ngenxa yokungabikho kombala. Ukwazi indlela yokuchonga i-amelanotic melanoma kunokunceda ukukhusela i-melanoma ekuphuhliseni nayiphi na enye into.

Iimpawu

I-melanoma ye-Amelanotic iyaziwa ngokubomvu kwayo, obomvu, okanye ukubonakala okungenambala. Unokubona isiqwenga sesikhumba esingaqhelekanga kodwa hayi umbala oqhelekileyo omnyama okanye umbala omnyama odla ngokubonisa imelanoma.

Enye yeempawu ezibonakalayo ze-amelanotic melanoma (kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-melanoma) kukuvela kwayo ngesiquphe emzimbeni wakho apho wawungekho ngaphambili. Iindawo ze-melanoma zikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zinokutshintsha kakhulu.

Ngokubanzi, khumbula oonobumba be-ABCDE ngelixa ujonga ii-moles okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kulusu lwakho ukuze ubone ukuba ingaba sisifo se-melanoma. Olu vavanyo lusebenza ngakumbi kwi-melanoma enemibala okanye kulula ukuyibona, kodwa uninzi lwezi ndlela zinokukunceda uchonge i-melanoma ye-amelanotic, nayo.

• Aimilo ehambelanayo: Iinyumasi ezibonisa imelanoma zihlala zineziqingatha ezibini ezingalinganiyo, imilo, okanye ipateni.
• BUmyalelo: I-moles ezibonisa i-melanoma zihlala zingenayo imida eyahlukileyo phakathi kwendawo ye-mole kunye nesikhumba esijikelezileyo.
• Changes ngombala: Iinyumasi ezibonisa imelanoma zihlala zitshintsha umbala ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iintsumpa ezingenabungozi zihlala zinombala oqinileyo, njengombala omdaka mnyama.
• Diameter: Iimolesi ezibonisa i-melanoma zihlala malunga nekota ye-intshi (iimilimitha ezi-6) ngobukhulu kwaye zikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Evolving: IiMoles ezibonisa imelanoma zithande ukutshintsha ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nombala ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Xa i-mole ikrokrela, kuya kufuneka ufune uncedo koogqirha bakho. Banokukuthumela kugqirha wesikhumba, oyingcali kulusu. I-dermatologist inokwenza i-biopsy ye-mole ukuqinisekisa okanye ukukhupha ubukho be-melanoma.

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko

I-Melanoma yenzeka xa iDNA ekwizisele zesikhumba yakho yonakala. Xa ulusu lwe-DNA lonakele, iiseli zolusu zingakhula zingalawuleki kwaye zibe ngumhlaza. Oogqirha abaqinisekanga ukuba i-DNA yolusu eyonakeleyo ijika njani ibe yimelanoma. Ukudityaniswa kwezinto ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wakho kunokwenzeka.

Ukubonakaliswa kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni ixesha elide kunokonakalisa iiseli zakho zolusu. Lo monakalo unyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa zonke iintlobo ze-melanoma. Ukuvezwa lilanga kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi xa unovakalelo okanye uxabana nokukhanya kwelanga kwaye ufumana amabala okanye ukutshiswa lilanga ngokulula.

Ukusuka rhoqo kwizikhumba, iibhedi, okanye iibhafu xa usemncinci kuneminyaka engama-30 kukonyusa umngcipheko we-melanoma. Umngcipheko wakho uyonyuka ukuba ulele ebhedini yokususa imizuzu engama-30 okanye nangaphezulu ngexesha.

Ukuba nexabiso eliphantsi le-melanin kulusu lwakho kunokunyusa umngcipheko, nawo. Ukuba ngowemvelaphi yaseYurophu okanye une-albinism (akukho mbala kulusu lwakho konke konke) zizinto ezibini eziyingozi kwimelanoma. Ukuba nembali yosapho ye-melanoma nako kunokunyusa umngcipheko.

Eminye imingcipheko eqhelekileyo iquka:

• ukuba nee-moles ezininzi emzimbeni wakho, ngakumbi ama-50 okanye nangaphezulu
• ukuba namajoni omzimba abuthathaka kwimeko esele ikho okanye kotyando lwamva nje

Unyango

Olona nyango luxhaphakeyo kwinqanaba lokuqala le-melanoma lutyando. Ugqirha wakho uya kususa indawo echaphazelekayo yi-melanoma kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isikhumba esisijikelezileyo. Olu tyando luhlala lukhawuleza kwaye lunokwenziwa ngosuku olunye ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elide esibhedlele.

I-Melanoma inokusasazeka kwii-lymph node zakho. Ezi zizinto ezincinci kumzimba wakho ezigcina iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba kwaye zinceda ukucoca izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni wakho. Unokufuna ukuba ii-lymph node zakho zisuswe kunye ne-melanoma ukuba oku kuyenzeka.

I-melanoma eqhubekileyo ingadinga ukunyangwa nge-chemotherapy. Kwi-chemotherapy, iziyobisi uzinikwa ngomlomo okanye ngemithambo yakho ukunceda ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezinomhlaza. Unokufuna kwakhona unyango lwe-radiation. Unyango lwe-radiation, amandla e-radiation ajolise ngqo kwiiseli ezinomhlaza kwaye azibulale.

Olunye unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-melanoma lubandakanya:

• Unyango lwebhayoloji, okanye iziyobisi ezinceda amajoni akho omzimba ekubulaleni iiseli zomhlaza, kubandakanya ipembrolizumab (Keytruda) kunye ipilimumab (Yervoy)
• unyango ekujoliswe kulo, okanye amayeza anceda ukunciphisa iiseli zomhlaza, kubandakanya i-trametinib (iMekinist) kunye ne-vemurafenib (iZelboraf)

Uthintelo

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa zokuthintela i-amelanotic melanoma:

• Faka i-sunscreen ngalo lonke ixesha uphuma phandle kangangemizuzu engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ucwangcisa ukukhanya elangeni.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen nakwiintsuku ezinamafu. Imitha ye-UV isenokudlula emafini.
• Nxiba iimpahla ezikhusela iingalo nemilenze yakho. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ucwangcisa ukuba ngaphandle okwethutyana.
• Gwema i-salons okanye iibhedi.

Jonga umzimba wakho rhoqo ukuba kukho naziphi na iinyanga ezintsha. Ubuncinci kube kanye ngenyanga, jonga iindawo zolusu ezijongeka ngendlela engaqhelekanga, zinemibala, okanye ezimilili kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweABCDE. I-Amelanotic melanomas iyakwazi ukuhambisa (ukusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho) ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iintlobo ze-melanoma.

Ukulindelwa kobomi kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili

Inqanaba lokuqala (inqanaba loku-1, ukusuka kumanqanaba amane anokwenzeka) i-amelanotic melanoma kulula ukunyanga kune-melanoma ehambele phambili. Ukuba uwubamba kwangoko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungawunyanga umhlaza kwaye uqhubeke nokuphila ngaphandle kwengxaki. Kuyenzeka ukuba umhlaza ubuye okanye enye indawo ye-melanoma ivele.

I-Melanoma ingaba nzima ukunyanga njengoko iqhubela phambili. Unokufuna unyango lwexesha elide okanye utyando ukuze uwususe ngokupheleleyo umhlaza emzimbeni wakho. Unokuba nethuba elingaphezu kwama-50 eepesenti lokubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo njengoko i-melanoma iqhubela phambili kwisigaba sesi-2 nesesi-3.

Iingxaki kunye nembonakalo

Isigaba sokuqala se-melanoma ye-amelanotic ayibi kakhulu kwaye inokunyangwa ngaphandle kwengxaki. Njengoko i-melanoma iqhubela phambili, iingxaki zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kwaye zinzima ukunyanga, ngakumbi ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwizitho zakho zangaphakathi. I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation zinokukwenza uzive unesiyezi kwaye udinwe. I-melanoma enganyangekiyo inokubulala.

Ukubamba imelanoma kumanqanaba ayo okuqala kunokuthintela nakuphi na ukukhula okungaphezulu kweeseli zomhlaza kwaye ikuvumele uqhubeke nokuphila ubomi bakho ngaphandle kwengxaki. Gcina umkhondo wobungakanani kunye nokukhula kwayo nayiphi na i-moles emzimbeni wakho kwaye ubone ugqirha akuncede uchonge imelanoma kwangoko.