Yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-anti-depressants ezibangela ukuzuza ubunzima

Umxholo

• 1. I-Tricyclic antidepressants
• 2. Ezinye ze-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezinto ezithile ezikhethiweyo ze-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ii-SSRIs)
• 4. Ezinye izinto ezichasayo
• Izidambisi -xinzelelo ezinokubangela ukutyeba
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Ukutyeba kobunzima sisiphumo esichaphazelekayo sezinto ezininzi ezichasene noxinzelelo. Ngelixa umntu ngamnye ephendula kunyango lwe-anti-depressant ngokwahlukileyo, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela ukuzuza ubunzima ngexesha lonyango lwakho.

1. I-Tricyclic antidepressants

I-Tricyclic antidepressants, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cyclic antidepressants okanye ii-TCAs, inokubangela ukutyeba. La machiza abandakanya:

• umgca we-amitriptyline (Elavil)
• mocoxise
• desipramine (Norpramin)
• doxepin (Adapin)
• imipramine (Tofranil-PM)
• Umda we-nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• umgca weprotocol (Vivactil)
• itrimipramine (iSurmontil)

Ii-TCAs zezinye zeziyobisi zokuqala ezivunyiweyo ukunyanga uxinzelelo. Azimiselwanga rhoqo kuba unyango olutsha lubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.

Ukufumana ubunzima yayisisizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuba abantu bayeke unyango ngezi ntlobo ze-anti-depressants, ngokophando luka-1984.

Okwangoku, ii-TCAs zinokusebenza kubantu abangaphenduli kwezinye iintlobo zamachiza oxinzelelo, ngaphandle kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingafunekiyo.

2. Ezinye ze-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) yayiludidi lokuqala lwezinto ezinokuthintela uxinzelelo. I-MAOIs ezibangela ukuzuza ubunzima zibandakanya:

• phenelzine (uNardil)
• Isocarboxazid (iMarplan)
• I-tranylcypromine (iParnate)

Oogqirha bamisela ii-MAOIs rhoqo xa ezinye i-anti-depressants zingasebenzi ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezithile kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko. Kwezi MAOI zintathu zidweliswe apha ngasentla, i-phenelzine yeyona inokubangela ukutyeba, ngokwe-1988.

Nangona kunjalo, ukwenziwa okutsha kwe-MAOI eyaziwa ngokuba yi-selegiline (i-Emsam) ibonakalisiwe ukuba ibangele ukwehla kobunzima ngexesha lonyango. I-Emsam yinyango ye-transdermal esetyenziswe kulusu ngesiqwengana.

Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezinto ezithile ezikhethiweyo ze-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ii-SSRIs)

Ii-SSRI zezona klasi zixhaphake ngokuxhaphakileyo kumachiza oxinzelelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezi SSRIs zilandelayo kunokubangela ukutyeba:

• iparoxetine (Paxil, Pexeva, Brisdelle)
• i-sertraline (iZoloft)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Ikitalopram (Celexa)

Nangona ezinye ii-SSRI zinxulunyaniswa nokwehla kobunzima ekuqaleni, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwee-SSRI ikakhulu kunxulunyaniswa nokuzuza ubunzima. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kuthathwa njengonyango oluhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Kwii-SSRIs ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, iparoxetine ixhaphake kakhulu ekuzuzeni ubunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elifutshane.

4. Ezinye izinto ezichasayo

IMirtazapine (iRemeron) yi-noradrenergic antagonist, eluhlobo lwe-atypical antidepressant. Iyeza kuye kwacaca ukuba linokubangela ukutyeba kunye nokwandisa umdla kunamanye amayeza.

I-Mirtazapine kunqabile ukuba yenze abantu batyebe xa kuthelekiswa nee-TCAs.

Kananjalo ayikhokeleli kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi njengezinye izidambisi. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangela:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo

Izidambisi -xinzelelo ezinokubangela ukutyeba

Ezinye i-anti-depressants zidityaniswe nokufumana ubunzima obuncinci njengempembelelo yecala. Ezi zidambisi zibandakanya:

• I-escitalopram (iLexapro, iCipralex), i-SSRI
• I-duloxetine (iCymbalta), i-serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), inokubangela ukutyeba ngokuthozama
• i-bupropion (Wellbutrin, Forfivo, kunye ne-Aplenzin), i-atypical antidepressant
• nefazodone (Serzone), umchasi we-serotonin kunye ne-reuptake inhibitor
• venlafaxine (Effexor) kunye ne-venlafaxine ER (Effexor XR), ezizo zombini ii-SNRI
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), iSNRI
• levomilnacipran (Fetzima), iSNRI
• i-vilazodone (i-Viibryd), i-serotonergic antidepressant
• i-vortioxetine (iTrintellix), ichaphaza lokudakumba
• selegiline (Emsam), i-MAOI entsha oyifaka kulusu lwakho, enokuthi ikhokelele kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunama-MAO athathwe ngomlomo

Ukutyeba kwakhona akunakufane kwenzeke ngezi SSRIs zilandelayo xa zisetyenziselwa ixesha elingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu:

• i-sertraline (iZoloft)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Ikitalopram (Celexa)

Ukuthatha

Asinguye wonke umntu othabatha uxinzelelo oluza kufumana ubunzima. Abanye abantu baya kuncipha.

Iingcali zigxininisa ukuba iinkxalabo malunga nokufumana ubunzima akufuneki zichaphazele ukhetho lwe-anti-depressant kubantu abaninzi. Kukho ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-anti-depressant.

Ukuba ufumana ubunzima ngelixa uthatha i-anti-depressant, ichiza alinakuba sesona sizathu sokufumana ubunzima. Umoya ophuculweyo ngelixa uthatha uxinzelelo, umzekelo, unokunyusa ukuthanda kwakho ukutya, okukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima.

Sukuyeka ukuthatha iyeza lakho kwangoko nokuba ufumana ubunzima obuncinci. Kuya kufuneka usebenze nogqirha wakho ukufumana i-antidepressant eyanceda kwiimpawu zokudakumba kwaye ayizisi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kungathatha umonde omncinci.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika iingcebiso zokuthintela ukuzuza ubunzima ngelixa unyango lwe-anti-depressant.