Ukuqonda iimpawu zika-Asperger kubantu abadala

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-Asperger's syndrome?
• Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-Asperger kubantu abadala?
• Iimpawu zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha
• Iimpawu zonxibelelwano
• Ezinye iimpawu
• Iimpawu ezintle
• Ufunyaniswa njani uAsperger kubantu abadala?
• Iimpawu zokubonelela ngomboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuzibandakanya zibandakanya:
• Uphathwa njani uAsperger kubantu abadala?
• Ukuthatha

Yintoni i-Asperger's syndrome?

I-Asperger's syndrome luhlobo lwe-autism.

Isifo i-Asperger's syndrome yayisisifo esingafaniyo nesasidweliswe kwi-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnosis kunye ne-Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) kude kube ngo-2013, xa zonke iintlobo ze-autism zazidityaniswa phantsi kwe-one umbrella diagnostic, autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa igama elithi Asperger's syndrome, okanye i-Asperger's, kodwa zonke izigulo ze-autism ngoku zi-ASD.

Abantu abane-Asperger's syndrome banokuba nobukrelekrele obuphezulu kwaye bangcono kunezakhono zokuthetha. I-Asperger ithathwa njengeyona ndlela iphakamileyo yokusebenza kwe-autism.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-Asperger kubantu abadala?

Uninzi lwabantu abadala abane-AS abanalo ulibaziseko oluncinci lokuqonda okanye ulwimi. Ngapha koko, unokuba nobukrelekrele obungaphezulu komndilili. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala abane-AS banokufumana ezinye iimpawu. Uninzi lwezi lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Akukho bantu babini banamava AS ngendlela efanayo. Unokuba nazo ezimbalwa nje ezi mpawu, okanye unokuzifumana zonke ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu ze ASD esebenzayo kubantu abadala zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindawo ezintathu:

Iimpawu zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha

• Ukuziphatha kwakhona. Ukuziphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-ASD. Oku kunokubandakanya ukwenza into enye ntsasa nganye phambi komsebenzi, ukujikeleza into ethile yamaxesha, okanye ukuvula umnyango ngendlela ethile. Kungenxa yokuba uzibandakanya kolu hlobo lokuziphatha akuthethi ukuba une-AS-ezinye iingxaki zinokubangela ezi ndlela zokuziphatha.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda imiba yeemvakalelo. Abantu abane-AS banokuba nobunzima xa becelwa ukuba batolike imiba yezentlalo okanye yeemvakalelo, ezinje ngosizi okanye unxunguphalo. Iingxaki ezingezizo ezokwenene - Oko kukuthi, izinto ezingabonakaliyo-zinokuphepha iindlela zakho zokucinga.
• Ujoliso lomntu wokuqala. Abantu abadala abane-AS bangasokola ukubona umhlaba ngokwembono yomnye umntu. Unokuba nobunzima ekuphenduleni kwizenzo, amagama, kunye nokuziphatha ngovelwano okanye inkxalabo.
• Impendulo ebaxekileyo yemvakalelo. Ngelixa kuhlala kungenanjongo, abantu abadala abane-AS banokuzabalaza ukujongana neemeko zovakalelo, iimvakalelo zokudana, okanye utshintsho kwiipateni. Oku kunokukhokelela kuqhushumbo lweemvakalelo.
• Impendulo engaqhelekanga kwisistim esivuselelayo. Oku kunokuba yi-hypersensitivity (over-sensitivity) okanye u-hyposensitivity (u-under-sensitivity) kwiimvakalelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukubamba kakhulu abantu okanye izinto, ukhetha ukuba sebumnyameni, okanye ukujoja ngabom.

Iimpawu zonxibelelwano

• Ubunzima ekuhlaleni. Abantu abane-AS banokuba nengxaki yokunxibelelana kwezentlalo. Usenokungakwazi ukuqhuba incoko "encinci".
• Ubunzima bokuthetha. Akuqhelekanga kubantu abadala abane-AS ukuba "baqine" (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "yi-robotic") okanye intetho ephindaphindiweyo. Unokuba nobunzima bokumodareyitha ilizwi lakho kwimeko. Umzekelo, awungekhe ulithobe ilizwi lakho ecaweni okanye kwithala leencwadi.
• Izakhono zomlomo ezizodwa. Abantu abadala abane-AS banokuba nohlobo oluqhelekileyo kwizakhono zomlomo ezinamandla. Oku kunokuguqula kwizakhono zesigama esikhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomdla.
• Ngaphantsi komndilili wezakhono ezingathethiyo. Abantu abadala abane-AS abanakuthatha izinto ezingezizo ezivela kwabanye, ezinje ngezimbo zomzimba, ubuso, okanye ulwimi lomzimba.
• Ukungabikho komfowunelwa ngamehlo. Xa uthetha nomnye umntu, awunakumjonga.

Ezinye iimpawu

• Ukuqaqadeka. Ubunzima bokulungelelanisa iimoto buphakathi kwabantu abadala abane-ASD. Le micimbi yezakhono zemoto inokubonisa njengobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi efana nokuhlala okanye ukuhamba ngokuchanekileyo. Izakhono zemoto ezintle, ezinje ngokubopha izihlangu okanye ukuvula imvulophu, nazo zinokuchaphazeleka.
• Uqwalaselo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu babe ne-hyperfocus njengempawu ze-AS. Ihlala ibhekisa kwisihloko esithile. Banokuba nokuqonda okunzulu kunye nesigama esikhulu esihambelana nesi sihloko. Banokunyanzelisa ukuba bathethe ngayo xa bedibana nabanye.

Iimpawu ezintle

Abantu abane-AS banokufumana iimpawu ezinokuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo njengeziluncedo okanye ziluncedo.

Umzekelo, njengoko kuphawuliwe apha ngasentla, abantu abadala abane-AS bahlala bekwazi ukubalasela. Unokwazi ukugxila kumcimbi okanye kwingxaki, ngakumbi ukuba inomdla kuwe, ixesha elide.

Ngokukwanjalo, ingqalelo yakho kwiinkcukacha inokukwenza ukuba uphumelele ngokumangalisayo ekusombululeni iingxaki.

Ufunyaniswa njani uAsperger kubantu abadala?

Okwangoku, akukho vavanyo oluthile lunokuchonga i-Asperger's syndrome kubantu abadala. Akukho ndlela yokuqonda isifo yangoku kubantu abadala i-Asperger's syndrome.

Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo ye-Autism kuhlala kufunyaniswa kubuntwana. Kuya kusiba yinto encinci kuwe ukuba ufikelele ebudaleni ngaphandle kokuchongwa kwe-autism ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu okanye iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka.

Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba une-autism disorder disorder, thetha ngeempawu zakho nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Usenokuthunyelwa kwingcali, njengengcali yeengqondo okanye ugqirha wengqondo, onokuthi avavanye indlela oziphethe ngayo kunye neempawu zakhe, kwaye akuncede ekufumaniseni ukuba unayo na i-AS okanye enye i-ASD.

Iimpawu zokubonelela ngomboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuzibandakanya zibandakanya:

• Ukuqwalaselwa kwezentlalo. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukubuza malunga nobomi bakho boluntu. Bafuna ukuvavanya izakhono zakho zentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano lwakho nabanye. Oku kunokubanceda ukuba baqonde ukuba iimpawu zakho zichaphazela kangakanani le ndawo yobomi bakho.
• Imiba yomzimba. Umboneleli wakho wezononophelo lwempilo uya kufuna ukulawula iimeko ezinokubakho ezinokuthi zibangele iimpawu zakho.
• Ezinye iimeko. Abantu abane-AS bahlala benamaxhala, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Ngapha koko, i-AS inokuchongwa gwenxa njengenye yezi meko.Xa ingcali eqeqeshiweyo ikwazi ukukuvavanya, nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane isifo esifanelekileyo.

I-Asperger's syndrome ayisabandakanywa kuhlobo olutsha lweNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neNgcaciso yeMicimbi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo (DSM-5). Ukuba une-Asperger's syndrome, umboneleli wakho wezempilo usenokusebenzisa igama elithi Asperger's syndrome okanye i-Asperger's. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kwakho kuya kuba yi-autism disorder disorder.

Uphathwa njani uAsperger kubantu abadala?

Akukho lunyango kwi-Asperger's syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango lunokunceda abantu abadala abane-autism ukuba bajongane neempawu kunye nobunzima.

• Unyango lokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo. Unyango unokukunceda ujongane nezinye zefuthe le-autism, njengokuzahlula ekuhlaleni kunye noxinzelelo. Banokukunceda ukuba ufunde izakhono ezitsha zentlalo ukuze ukubandakanyeka nabanye uzive ulula kwaye ungakhathazeki.
• Unyango lwentetho. Isazi sokugula ngentetho sinokusebenza kunye nawe ukuba sifunde ukulawulwa kwelizwi kunye nokumodareyitha.
• Unyango lomsebenzi wobugcisa. Uninzi lwabantu abadala abane-autism banako kwaye bayayigcina ngokusisigxina, imisebenzi eyimpumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokujamelana nobunzima obunxulumene nomsebenzi. Ingcali yezobugcisa inokukunceda ufumane isisombululo kwimiba ojongane nayo emsebenzini ukuze uqhubeke nokuphumelela.
• Amayeza. Ebudaleni, amayeza amiselweyo anokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu ezizezinye, ezinje ngoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Abanye ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuyalela amayeza ukuzama ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-AS. La mayeza abandakanya ukukhuthaza, i-antipsychotic, kunye ne-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs).

Ukuthatha

Abantu abadala abane-Asperger's syndrome banokufumana iimpawu ezinje:

• unxibelelwano lwentlalo olungaqhelekanga
• kunzima ukuthetha nabanye
• ukungakwazi ukutolika ukungaziphathi kakuhle kwabanye

Unokuziqhelanisa nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo kunye nokuphuhlisa i-hyperfocus kwiinkqubo kunye nemithetho.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala abane-AS bahlala benamandla okuqonda kunye nezakhono zesigama. Uhlawula ingqalelo enkulu kwiinkcukacha kwaye unokujonga ixesha elide.

Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu abane-Asperger's syndrome okanye isifo se-autism esibonakalayo siza kufunyaniswa njengabantwana, abanye abantu abadala abayi kufumana sisombululo seempawu zabo de babe badala.

Ngokuxilongwa kwe-Asperger's syndrome, unokufumana unyango kunye nonyango lokukunceda ukuba uhlangabezane nayo nayiphi na imiceli mngeni ojamelana nayo kwaye uphile ubomi obunempilo, obunemveliso obuzalisekisayo kwaye obonwabisayo.