I-atherosclerosis

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-atherosclerosis?
• Yintoni ebangela i-atherosclerosis?
• Cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukutya
• Ezinye iingcebiso ngokutya:
• Ukwaluphala
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-atherosclerosis?
• Imbali yosapho
• Ukungabikho kokuzilolonga
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ukutshaya
• Seswekile
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-atherosclerosis?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-atherosclerosis?
• Unyango lwe-atherosclerosis lonyango njani?
• Amayeza
• Ugqirha
• Yintoni onokuyilindela kwixesha elide?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-atherosclerosis?
• Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD)
• Isifo semithambo yeCarotid
• Imithambo yegazi lomda
• Isifo sezintso
• Zeziphi iinguqulelo kwindlela yokuphila ezinceda ekunyangeni nasekuthinteleni i-atherosclerosis?

Yintoni i-atherosclerosis?

I-atherosclerosis kukucuthwa kwemithambo ebangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwethala. Imithambo yimithambo yegazi ethwala ioksijini kunye nezakhamzimba ezisuka entliziyweni yakho ziye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Njengoko ukhula, amafutha, i-cholesterol, kunye ne-calcium inokuqokelela kwimithambo yakho kwaye yenze i-plaque. Ukuqokelelwa kweqweqwe kwenza kube nzima ukuba igazi liphume kwimithambo yakho. Olu lwakhiwo lunokwenzeka kuwo nawuphi na umthambo emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya intliziyo, imilenze kunye nezintso.

Inokubangela ukunqongophala kwegazi kunye neoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba wakho. Iziqwenga zamacwecwe nazo zinokuqhekeka, zibangele igazi. Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-atherosclerosis inokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni sisifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo.

I-atherosclerosis yingxaki eqhelekileyo enxulumene nokwaluphala. Le meko inokuthintelwa kwaye uninzi lonyango olunempumelelo lukhona.

I-Atherosclerosis luhlobo lwe-arteriosclerosis, kungenjalo yaziwa ngokuba lukhuni kwemithambo. Imigaqo isifo semithambo kwaye arteriosclerosis ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo.

Yintoni ebangela i-atherosclerosis?

Ukwakhiwa kweplaque kunye nokuqina okulandelayo kwemithambo kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo, kuthintela amalungu akho kunye nezicubu ekufumaneni igazi leoksijini ekufuneka belisebenzile.

Oku kulandelayo zizizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuqina kwethambo:

Cholesterol ephezulu

Ikholesterol yinyibiliko, into etyheli efumaneka ngokwendalo emzimbeni nakukutya okuthile okutyayo.

Ukuba amanqanaba echolesterol esegazini lakho aphezulu kakhulu, anokuyivala imithambo yakho yegazi. Iba lilitye elilukhuni elithintela okanye livimba ukujikeleza kwegazi entliziyweni yakho nakwamanye amalungu.

Ukutya

Kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okusempilweni. Umbutho weAmerican Heart Association (AHA) ucebisa ukuba ulandele indlela yokutya esempilweni ngokubanzi egxininisa:

• uluhlu olubanzi lweziqhamo kunye nemifuno
• amazimba
• iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha asezantsi
• iinkukhu kunye neentlanzi, ngaphandle kwesikhumba
• amandongomane kunye nemidumba
• iioyile zemifuno ezingezo-tropical, ezinje nge-olive okanye ioyile kajongilanga

Ezinye iingcebiso ngokutya:

• Gwema ukutya kunye neziselo ezineswekile eyongeziweyo, ezinje ngeswekile-iziselo ezinencasa, iilekese, kunye needizethi. I-AHA icebisa ukuba kungabikho ngaphezulu kweetispuni ezi-6 okanye iikhalori ezili-100 zeswekile ngemini kubafazi abaninzi, kwaye kungabikho ngaphezulu kweetispuni ezili-9 okanye iikhalori ezili-150 ngosuku kuninzi lwamadoda.
• Kuphephe ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi. Nenjongo yokungabikho ngaphezu kwe-2,300 milligrams (mg) yesodium ngosuku. Ngokufanelekileyo, awuzukutya ngaphezulu kwe-1,500 mg ngosuku.
• Kuphephe ukutya okuphezulu kumafutha angenampilo, njengamafutha e-trans. Faka endaweni yamafutha angaqinisekiswanga, angcono kuwe. Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho yegazi, nciphisa amanqatha agcweleyo angabi ngaphezu kweepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 zeekhalori ezipheleleyo. Kumntu otya ii-calories ezingama-2 000 ngosuku, loo nto imalunga neegram ezili-13 zamafutha apheleleyo.

Ukwaluphala

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi isebenza kanzima ukupompa nokufumana igazi. Imithambo yakho inokuba buthathaka kwaye yehle kancinci, ibenze ukuba babe semngciphekweni wokwakha iipleyiti.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-atherosclerosis?

Zininzi izinto ezikubeka emngciphekweni we-atherosclerosis. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zinokuguqulwa, ngelixa ezinye zingenakho.

Imbali yosapho

Ukuba i-atherosclerosis isebenza kusapho lwakho, unokuba semngciphekweni wokuqina kwemithambo. Le meko, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nentliziyo, zinokufunyanwa njengelifa.

Ukungabikho kokuzilolonga

Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kulungile entliziyweni yakho. Igcina intliziyo yakho yomelele kwaye ikhuthaza ioksijini kunye nokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Ukuphila ubomi bokuhlala bonyusa umngcipheko wakho kuthotho lweemeko zonyango, kubandakanya isifo sentliziyo.

Igazi elonyukayo

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokonakalisa imithambo yakho yegazi ngokuzenza buthathaka kwezinye iindawo. Ikholesterol nezinye izinto ezisegazini lakho zinokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemithambo yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukutshaya

Ukutshaya iimveliso zecuba kungonakalisa imithambo yegazi kunye nentliziyo yakho.

Seswekile

Abantu abanesifo seswekile baneziganeko eziphezulu kakhulu zesifo semithambo (i-CAD).

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-atherosclerosis?

Uninzi lweempawu ze-atherosclerosis azibonisi de kube kuthintelwe. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• iintlungu zesifuba okanye i-angina
• iintlungu emlenzeni, engalweni, naphina naphina apho kukho umthambo ovaliweyo
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukudinwa
• ukudideka, okwenzeka ukuba ukubhloka kuchaphazela ukujikeleza kwengqondo yakho
• ubuthathaka bemisipha emilenzeni yakho ngokungabikho kokujikeleza

Kukwabalulekile ukwazi iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo kunye nokufa icala. Zombini ezi zinto zinokubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis kwaye zifuna unyango kwangoko.

Iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo zibandakanya:

• iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle
• iintlungu emagxeni, emqolo, entanyeni, ezingalweni nasemhlathini
• intlungu zesisu
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• umbilo
• intloko elula
• isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha
• Uvakalelo lwentshabalalo ezayo

Iimpawu zokubetha zibandakanya:

• ubuthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo ebusweni okanye emilenzeni
• unengxaki yokuthetha
• unengxaki yokuqonda intetho
• iingxaki zombono
• ukulahleka kwemali eseleyo
• ngequbuliso, intloko ebuhlungu

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokufa icala kungxamisekile.Shayela i-911 okanye iinkonzo zongxamiseko zengingqi yakho kwaye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-atherosclerosis?

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukuba uneempawu ze-atherosclerosis. Baza kujonga:

• ukubetha komoya obuthathaka
• i-aneurysm, i-bulging engaqhelekanga okanye ukwandiswa kwe-artery ngenxa yobuthathaka bendonga ye-arterial
• ukunyanga okucothayo kwenxeba, okubonisa ukuhamba kwegazi okuthintelweyo

Ugqirha wezentliziyo unokumamela intliziyo yakho ukuze abone ukuba unaso nasiphi na isandi esingaqhelekanga. Baza kube bephulaphule ingxolo, ebonisa ukuba umthambo uvaliwe. Ugqirha wakho uya ku-odola uvavanyo ngakumbi ukuba bacinga ukuba unokuba ne-atherosclerosis.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol
• iDoppler ultrasound, esebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso womthambo obonisa ukuba kukho ukuvaleka
• i-ankle-brachial index (ABI), ejonge ukuvalwa kweengalo okanye imilenze yakho ngokuthelekisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwilungu ngalinye
• i-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) okanye i-computed tomography angiography (CTA) ukwenza imifanekiso yemithambo emikhulu emzimbeni wakho
• i-angiogram yentliziyo, eluhlobo lwesifuba iX-reyi ethathwa emva kokuba imithambo yentliziyo yakho itofelwe ngombala we-radioactive
• i-electrocardiogram (i-ECG okanye i-EKG), elinganisa isenzo sombane entliziyweni yakho ukujonga nayiphi na indawo yokwehla kwegazi
• uvavanyo loxinzelelo, okanye uvavanyo lokunyamezelana, olujonga ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ngelixa uzilolonga kwitreadmill okanye kwibhayisikile emileyo

Unyango lwe-atherosclerosis lonyango njani?

Unyango lubandakanya ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo ngoku ukunciphisa inani lamafutha kunye necholesterol oyityayo. Kuya kufuneka usebenzise umthambo ngakumbi ukuphucula impilo yentliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Ngaphandle kokuba i-atherosclerosis yakho ibukhali, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila njengoluhlu lokuqala lonyango. Unokufuna unyango olongezelelekileyo, njengamayeza okanye utyando.

Amayeza

Amachiza anokunceda ukukhusela i-atherosclerosis ekubeni mandundu.

Amayeza onyango lwe-atherosclerosis abandakanya:

• iyeza zokunciphisa i-cholesterol, kubandakanya ii-statins kunye ne-fibrate
• ii-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ezinokukunceda ukunqanda ukuncipha kwemithambo yakho
• i-beta-blockers okanye i-calcium block blockers ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• i-diuretics, okanye iipilisi zamanzi, ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• ii-anticoagulants kunye neziyobisi ezichasene neplatelet ezifana neasprini ukukhusela igazi ekunqandeni nasekuvaleni imithambo yakho

I-Aspirin isebenza ngakumbi kubantu abanembali yesifo sentliziyo (umzekelo, isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha). Umgaqo we-aspirin unokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomnye umsitho wezempilo.

Ukuba akukho mbali yangaphambili yesifo se-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, kufuneka usebenzise kuphela i-aspirin njengeyeza lokuthintela ukuba umngcipheko wokuphuma kwegazi uphantsi kwaye umngcipheko wesifo se-atherosclerotic isifo senhliziyo.

Ugqirha

Ukuba iimpawu zibaluleke kakhulu okanye ukuba izihlunu okanye ulusu lusesichengeni sokuhlinzwa, kusenokufuneka kwenziwe utyando.

Utyando olunokwenzeka kunyango lwe-atherosclerosis lubandakanya:

• ukugqithisa utyando, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa inqanawa ukusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho okanye ityhubhu yokwenziwa yokuguqula igazi elijikeleze umthambo wakho ovaliweyo okanye omxinwa
• Unyango lwe-thrombolytic, olubandakanya ukuncibilika kwegazi ngokufaka inaliti ichiza kwimithambo yakho echaphazelekayo
• i-angioplasty, ebandakanya ukusebenzisa i-catheter kunye nebhaluni ukwandisa umthambo wakho, ngamanye amaxesha ufaka i-stent ukushiya umthambo uvulekile
• i-endarterectomy, ebandakanya ukususa utyando olunamafutha kumthambo wakho
• i-atherectomy, ebandakanya ukususa i-plaque kwimithambo yakho ngokusebenzisa i-catheter ene-blade ebukhali kwelinye icala

Yintoni onokuyilindela kwixesha elide?

Ngonyango, unokubona ukuphucuka kwempilo yakho, kodwa oku kungathatha ixesha. Impumelelo yonyango lwakho iya kuxhomekeka:

• ubuzaza bemeko yakho
• yaphathwa ngokukhawuleza
• ingaba amanye amalungu achaphazelekayo

Ukuqina kwemithambo akunakubuyiselwa umva. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanga oyena nobangela kunye nokwenza indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokutya kunokunceda ukuyicothisa inkqubo okanye ukuyikhusela ekubeni mandundu.

Kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze utshintsho olufanelekileyo kwindlela yokuphila. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe amayeza afanelekileyo ukulawula imeko yakho kwaye uphephe iingxaki.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-atherosclerosis?

I-atherosclerosis inokubangela:

• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• ukubetha
• ukufa

Ikwanxulunyaniswa nezi zifo zilandelayo:

Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD)

Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi ebonelela ngesihlunu sentliziyo yakho ngeoksijini kunye negazi. Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) senzeka xa imithambo yegazi iba nzima.

Isifo semithambo yeCarotid

Imithambo ye-carotid ifunyenwe entanyeni yakho kwaye inikezela ngegazi kwingqondo yakho.

Ezi mithambo zinokuthotywa ukuba iipleyiti ziyanda ezindongeni zazo. Ukungabikho kokujikeleza kunokunciphisa ukuba lingakanani igazi kunye neoksijini efikelela kwingqondo nakwiiseli zengqondo yakho. Funda kabanzi malunga nesifo se-carotid.

Imithambo yegazi lomda

Imilenze yakho, iingalo, kunye nomzimba ongezantsi zixhomekeke kwimithambo yakho yokuhambisa igazi kunye neoksijini kwizicwili zazo. Imithambo elukhuni inokubangela iingxaki zokuhamba kwezi ndawo zomzimba.

Isifo sezintso

Imithambo yegazi yezintso ibonelela ngegazi kwizintso zakho. Izintso zicoca imveliso yenkunkuma kunye namanzi ongezelelweyo egazini lakho.

I-atherosclerosis yezi mithambo ingakhokelela ekusileleni kwezintso.

Zeziphi iinguqulelo kwindlela yokuphila ezinceda ekunyangeni nasekuthinteleni i-atherosclerosis?

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda ukukhusela kunye nokunyanga i-atherosclerosis, ngakumbi kubantu abane-2 yeswekile.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila elungileyo kubandakanya:

• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni okunamafutha amaninzi kunye ne-cholesterol
• ukunqanda ukutya okunamafutha
• ukongeza iintlanzi kwisidlo sakho kabini ngeveki
• ukufumana ubuncinane imizuzu engama-75 yokuzilolonga ngamandla okanye imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga ngokulinganayo veki nganye
• ukuyeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya
• ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebe kakhulu okanye utyebe kakhulu
• ukulawula uxinzelelo
• Ukunyanga iimeko ezinxulunyaniswa ne-atherosclerosis, efana noxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye neswekile