Ukuvavanya iAutism

Umxholo

• Ngubani onethuba elikhulu lokuchongwa ukuba une-autism?
• Zithini iimpawu zentsholongwane?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-autism?
• Uvavanyo lophuhliso
• Uvavanyo lokuziphatha ngokubanzi
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo
• Yise kude

Imifanekiso kaGetty

Autism, okanye Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yimeko ye-neurological enokubangela iyantlukwano kuluntu, unxibelelwano kunye nokuziphatha. Ukuchongwa kunokujongeka kwahlukile, kuba akukho bantu babini be-autistic abafanayo, kwaye banokuba neemfuno zenkxaso ezahlukeneyo.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ligama lesambrela elibandakanya iimeko ezintathu zangaphambili ezahlukileyo ezingasathathelwa ngqalelo njengesixilongo esisemthethweni kuVavanyo lweNgcaciso kunye neNcwadi yeNkcazo yeNgxaki yeNgqondo (DSM-5):

• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Ingxaki ebanzi yophuhliso, ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngenye indlela (PDD-NOS)
• Isifo seAsperger

Kwi-DSM-5, zonke ezi zinto zichongiweyo zidwelisiwe ngoku phantsi kweqela le-ASD. Amanqanaba e-ASD 1, 2, kunye no-3 abonisa inqanaba lenkxaso elinokufunwa ngumntu one-autistic.

Ngubani onethuba elikhulu lokuchongwa ukuba une-autism?

NgokweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), malunga nabantwana baseUnited States babene-ASD ngo-2016. Autism spectrum disorder yenzeka kuwo onke amaqela obuhlanga, ubuhlanga, kunye namaqela ezoqoqosho.

Kwakucingelwa ukuba yinto exhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kunamantombazana. Kodwa uphando lwakutsha nje lubonakalisile ukuba kuba amantombazana ane-ASD ahlala esiza ngokwahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa namakhwenkwe, anokuchaphazeleka.

Amantombazana athambekele ekufihleni iimpawu zawo ngenxa yento eyaziwa ngokuba "yimpembelelo yokufihla." Ke ngoko, iASD inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kumantombazana kunokuba bebecinga njalo ngaphambili.

Alukho unyango olwaziwayo lweASD, kwaye oogqirha abakhange bafumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oko, nangona sisazi ukuba imizila yemfuza idlala indima. Abantu abaninzi kuluntu olu-autistic abakholelwa ukuba unyango luyafuneka.

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntwana abe ne-ASD, kubandakanya nokusingqongileyo, izinto eziphilayo kunye nemfuza.

Zithini iimpawu zentsholongwane?

Iimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ze-autism ziyahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantwana abane-ASD baneempawu ezibuthathaka kuphela, kwaye abanye baneengxaki zokuziphatha kakubi.

Abantwana abaselula badla ngokuthanda ukunxibelelana nabantu kunye nendawo abahlala kuyo. Abazali ngabokuqala ukuba ngabokuqala ukuqaphela ukuba umntwana wabo ubonakalisa isimilo sokuziphatha.

Wonke umntwana kwi-autism spectrum ufumana imiceli mngeni kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• unxibelelwano (ngomlomo nangokuthetha)
• ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo
• kuthintelwe okanye ukuphindaphinda isimilo

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-ASD zingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuphuhlisa izakhono zolwimi emva kwexesha (njengokungabhebhi ngabantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 ubudala okanye ukungathethi amabinzana anentsingiselo kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala)
• ukungakhombi kwinto okanye abantu okanye ukuwangawangisa
• ukungalandeli abantu ngamehlo
• ebonisa ukungabikho kwempendulo xa kubizwa igama labo
• ukungalingisi imbonakalo yobuso
• hayi ukufikelela ekuthatheni
• ukubaleka kungena okanye kufutshane neendonga
• ukufuna ukuba wedwa okanye udlale wedwa
• ukungadlali imidlalo yokukhohlisa okanye ukuzenza ngathi uyadlala (umzekelo, ukondla unodoli)
• ukuba nomdla ongathethekiyo kwizinto ezithile okanye kwizihloko ezithile
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izenzo
• ezibangela ukwenzakala kwabo
• ukuba nomsindo
• Ukubonisa ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kwindlela izinto ezinuka ngayo okanye ezingcamlayo

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukubonisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha akuthethi ukuba umntwana uya (ukuhlangabezana neenqobo zokugweba) ukulungela ukuxilongwa kwe-ASD.

Oku kunokubalelwa kwezinye iimeko okanye kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimpawu zobuntu.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-autism?

Oogqirha bahlala bechonga i-ASD ebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu kunye nobukrakra bohluka kakhulu, i-autism spectrum disorder ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuyichonga.

Abanye abantu abafunyaniswa besiba badala.

Okwangoku, akukho lunye uvavanyo olusemthethweni lokufumanisa i-autism. Umzali okanye ugqirha angaqaphela kwangoko iimpawu ze-ASD kumntwana omncinci, nangona ukuxilongwa kufuneka kuqinisekiswe.

Ukuba iimpawu ziyayingqina loo nto, iqela leengcali kunye neengcali zihlala zenza uxilongo olusemthethweni lwe-ASD. Oku kunokubandakanya ugqirha wezengqondo okanye ugqirha we-neuropsychologist, ugqirha wabantwana ophuhlisayo, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo, kunye / okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo.

Uvavanyo lophuhliso

Ukuqala kwasekuzalweni, ugqirha wakho uya kumjonga umntwana wakho ngenkqubela phambili ngexesha lotyelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nesiqhelo.

IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) icebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olumiselweyo lwe-autism kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-24 ubudala ukongeza kuphononongo ngokubanzi.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwingcali, ingakumbi ukuba umntakwenu okanye elinye ilungu losapho line-ASD.

Ingcali iya kwenza iimvavanyo ezinje ngovavanyo lokuva ukuvavanya ukungeva / ubunzima bokuva ukumisela ukuba sikhona na isizathu somzimba sokuziphatha okuqwalaselweyo.

Baza kuphinda basebenzise ezinye izixhobo zokuhlola i-autism, ezinje ngoLungiso oluLungisiweyo lwe-Autism kwiintsana (M-CHAT).

Uluhlu lokutshekisha sisixhobo esihlaziyiweyo sokujonga izinto esizaliswa ngabazali. Kuyanceda ukumisela ithuba lomntwana lokuba ne-autism asezantsi, aphakathi, okanye aphezulu. Uvavanyo lusimahla kwaye lunemibuzo engama-20.

Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unamathuba aphezulu okuba abe ne-ASD, uyakufumana uvavanyo olubanzi lokuqonda isifo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unethuba eliphakathi, imibuzo yokulandelelana inokuba yimfuneko ukunceda ngokuqinisekileyo ukwahlula iziphumo.

Uvavanyo lokuziphatha ngokubanzi

Inyathelo elilandelayo kuxilongo lwe-autism luvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kunye ne-neurologic. Oku kunokubandakanya iqela leengcali. Iingcali zinokubandakanya:

• Uphuhliso loogqirha babantwana
• iingcali ngengqondo yabantwana
• Iingcali ze-neurologists
• intetho kunye neengcali zezifo zolwimi
• Iingcali zonyango

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya izixhobo zovavanyo. Zininzi izixhobo zophuhliso lovavanyo. Akukho sixhobo esinye sinokuchonga i-autism. Endaweni yoko, ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezininzi kuyimfuneko ekuchongeni isifo se-autism.

Eminye imizekelo yezixhobo zovavanyo zibandakanya:

• Iphepha lemibuzo leMinyaka namaNqanaba (ASQ)
• Udliwanondlebe noVavanyo lweAutism-oluHlaziyiweyo (ADI-R)
• Ishedyuli yokuJongwa koVavanyo lweAustism (ADOS)
• Izikali zokulinganisela iAustism Spectrum (ASRS)
• Inqanaba lokulinganisela iAutism Autism (CARS)
• Ukuvavanywa koPhuculo lokuPhazamiseka koVavanyo-Isigaba 3
• Uvavanyo lwabazali lweMeko yoPhuculo (PEDS)
• Isilinganiselo sokuGcina i-Autism
• Isixhobo sovavanyo lwe-Autism kwiintsana kunye naBantwana aBancinci (STAT)
• Iphepha lemibuzo loNxibelelwano lweNtlalo (SCQ)

Ngokwengxelo ka, ushicilelo olutsha lweAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ikwabonelela ngemilinganiselo esemgangathweni yokunceda ekuchongeni iASD.

Uvavanyo lwemfuzo

Nangona i-autism yaziwa ngokuba yimeko yemfuza, iimvavanyo zofuzo azikwazi ukufumanisa okanye ukufumanisa i-autism. Zininzi izinto zofuzo kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo koluphazamiseko.

Ezinye iilabhoratri zinokuvavanya ezinye zezinto eziphilayo ekukholelwa ukuba zizalathi ze-ASD. Bajonge ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwezofuzo, nangona bembalwa abantu abaza kufumana iimpendulo eziluncedo.

Isiphumo esingaqhelekanga kwesinye sezi mvavanyo zemfuza sithetha ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ufuzo lube negalelo kubukho be-ASD.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha kuphela ukuba umnikeli othile wemfuza ukhutshiwe kwaye unobangela awaziwa.

Yise kude

I-ASD iqhelekile kwaye akufuneki ibange ukuba ibe sisizathu sealam. Abantu abane-Autistic banokuchuma kwaye bafumane uluntu ekuxhaseni kunye namava ekwabelwana ngawo.

Kodwa ukuxilonga i-ASD kwangethuba nangokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ukuvumela umntu one-autistic ukuba aziqonde kunye neemfuno zakhe, kwaye nabanye (abazali, ootitshala, njl. Njl.) Baqonde indlela abaziphethe ngayo nendlela yokuphendula kubo.

I-neuroplasticity yomntwana, okanye amandla okuziqhelanisa ngokusekwe kumava amatsha, yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwasekuqaleni. Ungenelelo kwangoko lunokunciphisa imiceli mngeni anokuhlangabezana nayo umntwana wakho. Ikwabanika elona thuba lilungileyo lokuzimela.

Ukuba kufuneka, ukwenza unyango ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana wakho unokuphumelela ekubancedeni baphile obona bomi bumnandi. Iqela leengcali, ootitshala, oochwephesha, oogqirha kunye nabazali kufuneka bayile inkqubo yomntwana ngamnye.

Ngokubanzi, okukhona umntwana efunyaniswa kwangaphambili, kokukhona imeko yabo yexesha elide ibangcono.