Isikhokelo sakho sokuNikela ngeGazi Ngexesha leCoronavirus-Nasemva koko

Umxholo

• Iimfuno zokuNikela ngeGazi
• Ukungafaneleki koMnikelo weGazi
• Yintoni omele uyenze ngaphambi kokuNikela ngeGazi
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngelixa unikela ngegazi?
• Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba unikele ngegazi?
• Kuthekani ngokunikela ngegazi ngexesha leCoronavirus?
• Uphengululo lwe

Phakathi ku-Matshi, i-American Red Cross yenza isimemezelo esiphazamisayo: Iminikelo yegazi yehlile ngenxa ye-COVID-19, ibangela inkxalabo yokunqongophala kwegazi kwilizwe liphela. Ngelishwa, kusekho ukunqongophala kwezinye iindawo.

"Yimeko eyoyikisayo le," utshilo u-Andrea Cefarelli, umlawuli omkhulu weNew York Blood Centre. "Umehluko kancinci kwindawo nganye yelizwe kodwa, eNew York, uluhlu lwethu lwehla luye kwinqanaba lexakeka. Kukho isidingo esingxamisekileyo segazi lokwakha isitokhwe."

Kutheni kunqongophele kangaka? Ukuqala, kumaxesha angengawo bhubhane, bamalunga nesi-3 ekhulwini kuphela sabemi baseUnited States abakufanelekelayo ukunikela ngegazi ngokwenene abakwenzayo oko, utsho uKathleen Grima, M.D., umalathisi olawulayo wezonyango kuMnqamlezo Obomvu waseMerika. Kwaye mva nje, ukunikela ngegazi kuye kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwegazi loluntu lurhoxisiwe ngenxa yamanyathelo okhuseleko lwe-coronavirus (ngaphezulu koku kungezantsi).

Kwaye awukwazi ukugcina igazi ixesha elide. Ugqirha uGrima uthi: "Igazi lihlala lifuneka kwaye kufuneka lizaliswe ngokuqhubekayo kuba ezi mveliso zinobomi obufutshane kwaye ziyaphelelwa." Ubomi beshelufu yeeplatelets (amaqhekeza eeseli egazini anceda umzimba wakho wenze amahlwili okuyeka okanye ukuthintela ukopha) ziintsuku ezintlanu kuphela, kwaye ixesha leshelufu legazi elibomvu ziintsuku ezingama-42, utsho uGqr Grima.

Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha kumaziko onyango amaninzi nasezibhedlele bayakhathazeka. Oku kudityaniswa kwezinto kubangele ilahleko "yamawaka eeyunithi" zegazi kunye neemveliso zegazi, esele "icel'umngeni ekunikezelweni kwegazi kwizibhedlele ezininzi," utshilo uScott Scrape, MD, umlawuli wezonyango kunyango lotofelo kunye neapheresis kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio IZiko lezonyango i-Wexner. Ngelixa ezinye izibhedlele zilungile kunikezelo lwegazi ngalo mzuzu, ezinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, utshilo uEmanuel Ferro, MD, ugqirha wezifo kunye nomlawuli weGazi leGazi, iZiko labanikeli, kunye neTransfusion Medicine kwiziko lezonyango i-MemorialCare Long Beach eLong Beach, eCalif. "Amaziko amaninzi otyando acwangcise ukuvulwa kwakhona kweenkqubo ezirhoxisiweyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, siza kubona isidingo esonyukayo semveliso yegazi," utshilo.

Kulapho ungena khona. ULawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (i-FDA) luqhubekile nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba banikele ngegazi ngexesha lobhubhani, kwaye ngelixa uninzi lokuhambisa igazi lurhoxisiwe, amaziko okunikela ngegazi ahlala evulekile ngexesha lo bhubhani kwaye bayamkela ngovuyo iminikelo. .

Sekunjalo, usenokuba unenkxalabo ethile ngokuya naphi na esidlangalaleni—kwanokuba wenzela uluntu into entle, njengokunikela ngegazi. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokuba yintoni, kanye, onokuthi uyilindele ngaphambili, ngexesha, nasemva kokuba unikele ngegazi, iimfuno zokunikela ngegazi kunye nokungafaneleki, kunye nendlela etshintshwe ngayo yonke ngenxa ye-COVID-19.

Iimfuno zokuNikela ngeGazi

Ukuba uyazibuza "ndinganika igazi?" impendulo mhlawumbi "ewe." Oko kuthethiweyo, nangona abantu abaninzi benokutofela igazi ngaphandle kwengxaki, kukho imiqathango ethile.

I-American Red Cross idwelisa oku kulandelayo njengeemfuno ezisisiseko zokunikela ngegazi:

• Usempilweni entle kwaye uziva usempilweni (ukuba ucinga unomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye into efanayo, i-American Red Cross icebisa ukuba urhoxise idinga lakho kwaye uhlengahlengise iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba iimpawu zakho zidlulile.)
• Ubuneminyaka eli-16 ubuncinci
• Unobunzima obuyi-110 leeponti
• Sele ziintsuku ezingama-56 okoko wanikela ngegazi lakho lokugqibela

Kodwa ezi zinto zisisiseko zahlukile kancinci ukuba uhlala unikela rhoqo. Kubafazi abanikela ukuya kuthi ga kathathu ngonyaka, uMnqamlezo oBomvu waseMelika ukwafuna ukuba ubuncinci ubuneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, ubuncinci obuyi-5'5" ubude, kwaye unobunzima obungama-150 eeponti.

Ukuphakama kunye nezithintelo zobunzima azixhomekeki. Iyunithi yegazi imalunga nepinti, kwaye yiloo nto ekhutshwayo ngexesha lokunikela ngegazi lonke, nokuba ungakanani na. "Ubungakanani bomthwalo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umnikeli anganyamezela umthamo osuswayo kwaye ukhuselekile kumxhasi," ucacisa uGqirha Grima. "Omncinci umnikeli, ubuninzi bevolthi yegazi yabo iyasuswa kunye negalelo legazi. Ukuphakama okungqongqo kunye neemfuno zobunzima zimiselwe abanikeli abakwishumi elivisayo kuba banolwazelelelo kutshintsho lwevolumu."

Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele: Akukho mda ungaphezulu wokunikela kwi-American Red Cross, yongeza uGqirha Grima.

Ukungafaneleki koMnikelo weGazi

Kodwa okokuqala, i-FYI ekhawulezayo: Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, i-American Red Cross yabhengeza ukuba ngenxa "yemfuneko engxamisekileyo yegazi ngexesha lobhubhane," iindlela ezithile zokufaneleka kwabanikeli ezibekwe yi-FDA ziya kuhlaziywa ukuze ngethemba livumele abanye abanikeli. Ngelixa ingekabikho esemthethweni xa imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha izakuqala ukusebenza, ummeli weAmerican Red Cross uxelele Ubume ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ibekho ngoJuni.

Unamanqanaba asezantsi entsimbi. Ngelixa i-American Red Cross inga ~ ~ ~ jonga iqondo lakho le-iron ngaphambi kokuba unikele, abasebenzi bombutho bayawajonga amanqanaba e-hemoglobin ngovavanyo lomnwe womnwe. IHemoglobin yiprotein emzimbeni wakho enesinyithi kwaye inika igazi lakho umbala obomvu, ucacisa uMnqamlezo obomvu waseMelika. Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-hemoglobin angaphantsi kwe-12.5g/dL, baya kukucela ukuba urhoxise ukuqeshwa kwakho kwaye ubuye xa amanqanaba akho ephezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo, unokubonyusa nge-iron supplement okanye ngokutya ukutya okune-iron okucebile njengenyama, tofu, iimbotyi, kunye namaqanda, kodwa uGqirha Ferro uthi uyakufuna ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngelo xesha ukuze ufumane isikhokelo). (Eyeleleneyo: Uyifumana Njani Intsimbi eyaneleyo ukuba awuyityi inyama)

Imbali yakho yohambo. Awunakho ukunikela ukuba uye kwilizwe elinobungozi be-malaria kule minyaka ili-12 idlulileyo, ngokwe American Red Cross. Oku kuya kutshintsha kube ziinyanga ezintathu kwikamva elikufutshane xa umbutho uzalisekisa indlela entsha yokufumana isifo seengcongconi ngoJuni.

Unamayeza. Uninzi lwabantu lunokunika igazi xa bethatha amayeza, kodwa kukho amayeza anokufuna ukuba ulinde ukunikela. (Jonga uluhlu lwamayeza oMnqamlezo Obomvu ukuze ubone ukuba olwakho luyasebenza na.)

Ukhulelwe okanye usanda kuzala. Kwakhona, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abakwazi ukunika igazi ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba kunokuthabatha igazi eliyimfuneko kumama kunye nosana olungekazalwa, utsho uGqr. Ferro. Nangona kunjalo, unganikezela ngegazi xa uncancisa-kufuneka ulinde iiveki ezintandathu emva kokubeleka, xa amanqanaba egazi lomzimba wakho kufuneka abuyele esiqhelweni, utsho.

Usebenzisa iziyobisi ze-IV. Abasebenzisi beziyobisi be-IV nabo abanako ukunika igazi ngenxa yexhala malunga ne-hepatitis ne-HIV, ngokwe-American Red Cross.

Uyindoda elala namadoda. Ingumgaqo-nkqubo ophikisanayo (kwaye omnye uMbutho woMnqamlezo oBomvu waseMelika uyaphikisana), kodwa amadoda aye abelana ngesondo namanye amadoda kufuneka alinde unyaka emva kokudibana kwawo ngesondo okokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba anikele ngenxa yeenkxalabo nge-HIV, i-hepatitis, i-syphilis kunye nezinye. izifo zegazi, ngokwePhulo lamaLungelo oLuntu. (Okufanele kuphawulwe: I-FDA isandula ukuthoba elo xesha laya kutsho kwiinyanga ezintathu, kodwa kusenokuthabatha ixesha ukuba amaziko okunikela ngegazi ahlaziye imigaqo-nkqubo yawo.) Noko ke, amabhinqa aba neentlobano zesini namabhinqa afanelekile ukuba anikele ngaphandle kwexesha lokulinda, itsho iAmerican Red. Umnqamlezo.

Ufumene umvambo ongalawulwayo okanye ukugqojozwa. Ngaba uyazibuza ukuba unokunikela ukuba une tattoo? It ngu KULUNGILE ukunika igazi ukuba kutshanje une tattoo okanye ugqobhoza, kunye nemiqolomba ethile. I tattoo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngumbutho olawulwa ngurhulumente usebenzisa iinaliti eziyinyumba kunye neyinki engasetyenziswanga kwakhona, ngokutsho kwe-American Red Cross. (Konke oku kungenxa yeenkxalabo ze-hepatitis.) Kodwa ukuba umvambo wakho ukwisimo esingalawuliyo izibonelelo ze-tattoo (njenge-DC, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, ne-Wyoming) , Kuya kufuneka ulinde iinyanga ezili-12. Iindaba ezimnandi: Oku kulinda kuya kuguquka ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu xa imibutho eqokelela igazi iphumeza indlela esandula ukukhutshwa yokufaneleka. Ukubhoboza, okuza nexhala le-hepatitis, kufuneka kwenziwe ngezixhobo ezisebenzisa into enye. Ukuba ibingeyiyo imeko yokubhoboza kwakho, kuyakufuneka ulinde iinyanga ezili-12 de ube unokunikela.

Unemeko yezempilo engapheliyo. Ukuba neemeko ezithile zempilo, njengeentlobo ezithile zomhlaza, i-hepatitis, kunye noGawulayo, ziya kuba nefuthe kumandla akho okunikela. Nangona kunjalo, iAmerican Red Cross ithi abantu abaneemeko zempilo ezinganyangekiyo ezinje ngesifo seswekile kunye nesifuba kulungile, ukuba imeko yakho iphantsi kolawulo kwaye uhlangabezana nezinye iimfuno zokufaneleka. Ditto ukuba une herpes zangasese.

Utshaya ukhula. Iindaba ezimnandi: Unganikela ngegazi ukuba uyatshaya ukhula, ukuba nje uhlangabezana nezinye iindlela, utshilo uMnqamlezo oBomvu waseMelika. (Ukuthetha ngeengxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo, nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokusilela komzimba kunye ne-COVID-19.)

Yintoni omele uyenze ngaphambi kokuNikela ngeGazi

Ngethamsanqa, ilula kakhulu. Iziko lakho lendawo yokunikela ngegazi liya kuqinisekisa ukuba uyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ngemibuzo elula, utshilo uCefarelli. Kwaye kuyakufuneka ube nesazisi sakho, njengephepha-mvume lokuqhuba okanye ipasipoti, kunye nawe.

Malunga nokutya ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi? Ikwangumbono olungileyo ukutya ukutya okune-iron okutyebileyo njengenyama ebomvu, intlanzi, inkukhu, iimbotyi, isipinatshi, iisiriyeli eziqiniswe ngentsimbi, okanye iirasentyisi phambi kokuba unikele ngegazi, ngokutsho kwe-American Red Cross. "Oku kwakha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi," ucacisa uDon Siegel, MD, Ph.D., umlawuli wecandelo leTransfusion Medicine kunye neTheraphology Pathology kwiSibhedlele seYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. Intsimbi iyimfuneko kwi-hemoglobin, eyiprotheyini kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini kwimiphunga yakho iye kumzimba wakho uphela, utshilo. (I-FYI: Ikwayinto efunwa yi-oximeter xa ilinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini egazini.)

"Xa unikela ngegazi, ulahlekelwa yintsimbi emzimbeni wakho," utshilo uGqirha Siegel. "Ukwenza loo nto, yitya ukutya okunotye ngentsimbi ngemini-okanye ngaphambi kokuba unikele." Ukugcina i-hydration efanelekileyo kubalulekile. Ngapha koko, iAmerican Red Cross icebisa ukusela i-oz enye ye-16 yamanzi ngaphambi kokuqeshwa.

Ukurekhoda: Awudingi ukulazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kwangaphambili, utshilo uGqirha Grima. Kodwa ungabuza malunga nayo emva kokuba unikele kwaye umbutho ungakuthumela olo lwazi kamva, wongeza uGqirha Ferro.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngelixa unikela ngegazi?

Isebenza njani, kanye? Inkqubo ngokwayo ilula, utshilo uGqirha Siegel. Uya kuhlala esitulweni ngelixa igcisa lifaka inaliti engalweni yakho. Inaliti ithululela engxoweni eya kugcina igazi lakho.

Kunikelwa ngegazi elingakanani? Kwakhona, i-pint yegazi iya kuthathwa, kungakhathaliseki ubude bakho kunye nobunzima.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukunikela ngegazi? Unokulindela ukuba inxalenye yomnikelo ithathe phakathi kwemizuzu esibhozo ukuya kwi-10, ngokutsho kwe-American Red Cross. Kodwa konke konke, kuya kufuneka ulindele ukuba yonke inkqubo yomrhumo ithathe malunga neyure, qala ukugqiba.

Awunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlale apho ujonge eludongeni ngelixa unikela (nangona oko kuyindlela) -uvumelekile ukuba wenze nantoni na oyifunayo ngelixa unikelayo, ukuba uhleli uthe cwaka, utshilo uCefarelli: funda incwadi, sebenzisa imidiya yoluntu kwifowuni yakho ... umnikelo usebenzisa enye ingalo, ke enye ingalo yakho isimahla. " (Okanye, hee, lixesha elihle lokuzama ukucamngca.)

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba unikele ngegazi?

Xa inkqubo yomnikelo igqityiwe, iAmerican Red Cross ithi ungafumana into yokutya kunye nesiselo kwaye ujonge imizuzu emihlanu ukuya kweli-10 ngaphambi kokwenza ngobomi bakho. Kodwa ngaba zikhona iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zomnikelo wegazi okanye ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?

Ugqirha Siegel ucebisa ngokutsiba umthambo kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezizayo kwaye uthathe notywala kwelo xesha, naye. "Kunokuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba umzimba wakho ulungelelanise ngaphambi kokuba umthamo wegazi lakho ubuyele kwisiqhelo," utsho. "Thatha nje lula ngalo lonke olo suku." Njengenxalenye yokhuselo lwawo lwendalo, umzimba wakho uqalisa ukusebenza ukuze wenze igazi elingakumbi emva kokuba unikele, uchaza uGqr. Ferro. Umzimba wakho uthatha indawo yesiyilelo-gazi kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48, kodwa kunokuthabatha iiveki ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo ukuze uthabathel’ indawo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Shiya ibhandeji kangangeeyure ezimbalwa phambi kokuba uyisuse, kodwa hlamba ingalo yakho ngesepha namanzi ukuze ususe isibulali-ntsholongwane ukuthintela ukurhawuzelela okanye irhashalala ekhulayo, utshilo uGqirha Grima. "Ukuba indawo yenaliti iqala ukopha, bamba ingalo yakho phezulu ucinezele loo ndawo ngegauze de kuyeke ukopha."

Ingcinga efanelekileyo yokusela iiglasi ezine ze-8-ounce zolwelo emva koko, utshilo uGqirha Grima. I-American Red Cross ikwacebisa ukuba ube nokutya okutyebileyo kwentsimbi kwakhona emva kokuba unikele. Ungathatha i-multivitamin enesinyithi emva kokuba unikele ngokuzalisa iivenkile zakho zentsimbi, utshilo uGqirha Grima.

Ukuba uziva utyhafile, uGqr. Grima ucebisa ukuba uhlale okanye ungqengqe de uvakalelo ludlule. Ukusela ijusi kunye nokutya ii-cookies, ezonyusa iswekile egazini lakho, nako kunokunceda, utshilo.

Okwangoku, kuya kufuneka ulunge ngokungahambi nayo emva kokunikela. "Kunqabile kakhulu" ukuba ube nolunye uhlobo lwempilo emva koko kodwa uGqirha Siegel ucebisa ukuba ubize ugqirha wakho ukuba uziva utyhafile, kuba oku kunokuba luphawu lwe-anemia. (Ukuthetha ngayo, i-anemia inokuba sesona sizathu sokuba ukrwele ngokulula.)

Kuthekani ngokunikela ngegazi ngexesha leCoronavirus?

Kubaqalayo, ubhubhane we-coronavirus ukhokelele ekuswelekeni kwegazi. Ukuqhutywa kwegazi (okuhlala kubanjwa kwiikholeji, umzekelo) kwacinywa kwilizwe liphela emva kwesifo, kwaye loo nto yayingumthombo omkhulu wegazi, ngakumbi kulutsha, utshilo uCefarelli. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuqhuba kwegazi okuninzi kusarhoxisiwe kude kube sesinye isaziso-kodwa, kwakhona, amaziko eminikelo asavulekile, utshilo uCefarelli.

Ngoku, uninzi lokunikela ngegazi lwenziwa ngokuqeshwa kuphela kwiziko legazi lendawo yakho ukuzama ukunceda ukugcina umgama phakathi koluntu, utshilo uCefarelli. Wena suku Kufuneka uvavanyelwe i-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, kodwa uMnqamlezo oBomvu waseMelika kunye namanye amaziko egazi amaninzi sele eqalisile ukubandakanya amanyathelo okhuseleko, utshilo uGqr. Grima, kubandakanya:

• Ukujonga ubushushu babasebenzi kunye nabaxhasi phambi kokuba bangene kwiziko ukuqinisekisa ukuba basempilweni
• Ukubonelela ngesicoci sesandla ukuze sisetyenziswe ngaphambi kokungena kwiziko, kunye nakuyo yonke inkqubo yomnikelo
• Ukulandela iindlela zokuphambuka ekuhlaleni phakathi kwabanikeli kubandakanya neebhedi zabaxhasi, kunye neendawo zokulinda nezokuhlaziya
• Ukunxiba iimaski zobuso okanye izigqubuthelo zabasebenzi kunye nabaxhasi (Kwaye ukuba awunayo ngokwakho, jonga ezi mpawu zenza imaski yobuso zelaphu kwaye ufunde ukwenza i-DIY imaski yobuso ekhaya.)
• Ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqeshwa ukunceda ukulawula ukuhamba kwabaxhasi
• Ukonyusa ukubulawa kweentsholongwane kumphezulu kunye nezixhobo (EziNxulumeneyo: Ngaba izibulali-zintsholongwane ziSula iiNtsholongwane?)

Okwangoku, i-FDA ikwakhuthaza abantu abaye bachacha kwi-COVID-19 ukuba banikele ngeplasma -inxalenye engamanzi yegazi lakho-ukunceda ekwenzeni unyango olunxulumene negazi lwentsholongwane. (Uphando lusebenzisa ngokukodwa iplasma ye-convalescent, eyimveliso etyebileyo ye-antibody eyenziwe ngegazi elinikelwe ngabantu abaye baphila kule ntsholongwane.) Kodwa abantu abangazange babenayo i-COVID-19 banokunika iplasma ukunceda ukutshisa, umonzakalo, kunye nezigulana ezinomhlaza. .

Xa usenza umnikelo weplasma kuphela, igazi litsalwa kwenye yeengalo zakho kwaye lithunyelwe ngomatshini wobugcisa obuphezulu oqokelela iplasma, ngokutsho kwe-American Red Cross. "Eli gazi lingena kumatshini we-apheresis ojikeleza igazi lakho [kwaye] ususe iplasma," utshilo ugqirha wezobuchwephesha kwezonyango uMaria Hall, ingcali kwitekhnoloji yokugcina imali kunye nomphathi wecandelo lelebhu kwiziko lezonyango laseBaltimore. Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets zibuyiselwe emzimbeni wakho, kunye nesaline. Inkqubo ithatha nje imizuzu embalwa ixesha elide kunokunikezela ngegazi elipheleleyo.

Ukuba unomdla ekunikeleni ngegazi okanye isiyilelo-gazi, qhagamshelana neziko legazi lasekuhlaleni (usenokulifumana elikufutshane nawe ngokusebenzisa uMbutho waseMerika wokufumana indawo yomnikelo weebhanki zegazi). Kwaye, ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo eyongezelelweyo malunga nenkqubo yokunikela ngegazi okanye amanyathelo okhuseleko kwindawo yomnikelo ethathwayo, unokubuza ngoko.

"Awukho umhla wokuphela owaziwayo wokulwa ne-coronavirus" kwaye abanikeli bayadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba igazi kunye neemveliso zegazi ziyafumaneka kubantu abasweleyo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo, utshilo uGqirha Grima.

Ulwazi kweli bali luchanekile ngexesha lokushicilelwa. Njengoko uhlaziyo malunga ne-coronavirus ye-COVID-19 luqhubeka nokuvela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye iinkcukacha kunye nezindululo kweli bali zitshintshile ukusukela ekupapashweni kwayo. Siyakukhuthaza ukuba ujonge rhoqo ngezixhobo ezinjenge-CDC, i-WHO, kunye nesebe lezempilo likarhulumente kwindawo yakho yokufumana olona lwazi lwanamhlanje kunye neengcebiso.

Uphengululo lwe