Ukuthintela / ukuthintela ukutya okungafunekiyo

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu ze-ARFID?
• Yintoni Ebangela I-ARFID?
• I-ARFID ichongwa njani?
• Iphathwa njani i-ARFID?
• Ithini imbonakalo yaBantwana abane-ARFID?

Yintoni kuthintelwa / kuthintelwe ukutya ukutya ukuphazamiseka (ARFID)?

Ukuthintela / ukuthintela ukutya ukutya (i-ARFID) sisifo sokutya esibonakaliswa kukutya ukutya okuncinci okanye ukunqanda ukutya ukutya okuthile. Kukuxilongwa okutsha okwandayo kwinqanaba lokuchonga elidlulileyo lokuphazamiseka kokondla kwasebusaneni nakwiminyaka yobuntwana, eyayingafane isetyenziswe okanye ifundwe.

Abantu abane-ARFID baphuhlise uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki yokondla okanye yokutya ebangela ukuba bakuphephe ukutya okuthile okanye ukutya konke. Ngenxa yoko, abakwazi ukuthatha iikhalori ezaneleyo okanye izondlo ngokutya kwabo. Oku kunokukhokelela kukusilela kwesondlo, ukukhula okucothayo, kunye neengxaki zokufumana ubunzima. Ngaphandle kweengxaki zempilo, abantu abane-ARFID banokufumana ubunzima esikolweni okanye emsebenzini ngenxa yemeko yabo.Banokuba nengxaki yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezoluntu, njengokutya nabanye abantu, kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane nabanye.

I-ARFID ihlala izisa ebusaneni okanye ngexesha lobuntwana, kwaye inokuqhubeka nokuba mdala. Ekuqaleni isenokufana nokutya okukhethiweyo okuqhelekileyo ebuntwaneni. Umzekelo, abantwana abaninzi bayala ukutya imifuno okanye ukutya kwevumba elithile okanye ukungaguquguquki. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zokutya zikhethiweyo zihlala zisombulula kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokubangela iingxaki ngokukhula okanye ukukhula.

Umntwana wakho unokufumana i-ARFID ukuba:

• ingxaki yokutya ayibangelwa kukungagayeki kokutya okanye enye imeko yonyango
• ingxaki yokutya ayibangelwa kukunqongophala kokutya okanye izithethe zokutya zenkcubeko
• ingxaki yokutya ayibangelwa kukungatyi, njenge-bulimia
• abayilandeli ijika eliqhelekileyo lokufumana ubunzima ngeminyaka yabo
• Basilele ukutyeba okanye balahlekelwe lixabiso elinobunzima kwinyanga ephelileyo

Unokufuna ukucwangcisa idinga nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-ARFID. Unyango luyafuneka ukujongana zombini iinkalo zonyango kunye nezengqondo nezikule meko.

Xa ishiywe inganyangwa, i-ARFID inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zexesha elide. Kubalulekile ukufumana ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwangoko. Ukuba umntwana wakho akatyi ngokwaneleyo kodwa ubunzima obuqhelekileyo kubudala babo, kusafuneka wenze idinga nogqirha wakhe.

Zithini iimpawu ze-ARFID?

Uninzi lweempawu ze-ARFID ziyafana nezezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ukuba umntwana wakho angondleki. Nokuba ucinga ukuba usempilweni kangakanani umntwana wakho, kuya kufuneka ubize ugqirha xa ubona ukuba umntwana wakho:

• ubonakala etyebile
• akatyi rhoqo okanye kakhulu njengoko kufanele
• kuhlala kubonakala ngathi kuyacaphuka kwaye kukhala rhoqo
• kubonakala ngathi unxunguphele okanye urhoxile
• umzabalazo wokupasa intshukumo yamathumbu okanye ubonakala ukuba usezintlungwini xa usenza njalo
• uhlala ebonakala ediniwe kwaye edangele
• ukugabha rhoqo
• iswele izakhono zentlalontle ezifanelekileyo kwaye ithande ukuba neentloni kwabanye

I-ARFID ngamanye amaxesha inokuba nobulali. Umntwana wakho usenokungabonakalisi miqondiso mininzi yokungondleki kwaye kunokubonakala ngathi ungumntu othanda ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha womntwana wakho malunga nendlela umntwana atya ngayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwakhe okulandelayo.

Ukungabikho kokutya kunye neevithamini ezithile ekutyeni komntwana wakho kungakhokelela ekuswelekeni kweevithamini kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango. Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi ukuze babone eyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke iivithamini kunye nezakha mzimba ezibalulekileyo.

Yintoni Ebangela I-ARFID?

Isizathu ngqo se-ARFID asaziwa, kodwa zichonge umngcipheko othile wokuphazamiseka. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuba yindoda
• ndingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-13
• ukuba neempawu zesisu, njengokuqaqamba kwentliziyo kunye nokuqhinwa
• Ukufumana ukutya komzimba

Amatyala amaninzi okufumana ubunzima obuthathaka kunye nokungondleki ngenxa yeemeko zonyango ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokwetyisa. Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, imiqondiso ayinakucaciswa yinkinga yonyango emzimbeni. Izizathu ezinokubangela ukungatyi ngokwaneleyo komntwana wakho zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Umntwana wakho uyoyika okanye uxinezelekile ngento ethile.
• Umntwana wakho woyika ukutya ngenxa yesiganeko esibuhlungu esidlulileyo, njengokukrwitshwa okanye ukugabha kakhulu.
• Umntwana wakho akafumani mpendulo yeemvakalelo zaneleyo okanye ukhathalelo oluvela kumzali okanye kumongi ophambili. Umzekelo, umntwana usenokuziva esoyika umsindo womzali, okanye umzali unokudandatheka aze ahlukane nomntwana.
• Umntwana wakho akathandi nje ukutya kwezinto ezithile, izinto azithandayo, okanye ivumba.

I-ARFID ichongwa njani?

I-ARFID yaziswa njengodidi olutsha lokuqonda isifo kuhlelo olutsha lweNgcaciso kunye neNcwadi yeNgxelo yeNkcazo yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo (DSM). Le ncwadana ipapashwe yiAmerican Psychiatric Association kwaye inceda oogqirha kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo zichonge ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Umntwana wakho unokufunyaniswa ukuba une-ARFID ukuba uyahlangabezana nezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo kwi-DSM-5:

• Banengxaki yokondla okanye yokutya, njengokuphepha ukutya okuthile okanye ukubonisa ukungabikho komdla wokutya kwaphela
• Abakhange batyebe ubuncinci kwinyanga enye
• Balahlekelwe sisixa esikhulu sobunzima kwinyanga ephelileyo
• Baxhomekeke kukondla kwangaphandle okanye kwizongezelelo kwisondlo sabo
• Banokuswela ukutya okunesondlo.
• Ingxaki yabo yokutya ayibangelwa yimeko yezonyango okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ingxaki yabo yokutya ayibangelwa ngamasiko okutya enkcubeko okanye ukunqongophala kokutya okufumanekayo.
• Ingxaki yabo yokutya ayibangelwa yingxaki yokutya esele ikho okanye ukubangumzimba ombi.

Cwangcisa ixesha lokudibana nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala ngathi une-ARFID. Ugqirha uya kulinganisa kwaye alinganise umntwana wakho, kwaye baya kuyila amanani kwitshathi kwaye bayithelekise nomyinge welizwe. Banokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho unobunzima obungaphantsi kakhulu kunabanye abantwana abakubudala obufanayo kunye nesini. Ukuvavanya kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimo yokukhula komntwana wakho.

Ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho utyebile okanye akondlekanga, baya kuqhuba iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga ukukhusela iimeko zonyango ezinokuthi zithintele ukukhula komntwana wakho. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo, kunye novavanyo lokucinga.

Ukuba ugqirha akafumani imeko yezonyango, baya kukubuza malunga neendlela zokutya zomntwana wakho, indlela aziphatha ngayo kunye nosapho. Ngokusekwe kule ngxoxo, ugqirha unokukuthumela wena nomntwana wakho:

• ingcibi etya ukutya iingcebiso ngezondlo
• Isazi ngengqondo ukuba sifunde ubudlelwane bosapho kunye nezinto ezinokubangela nakuphi na ukuxhalaba okanye usizi umntwana wakho anokuziva
• intetho okanye ingcali kwezomsebenzi yokufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho ukulibazisile ukukhula kwezakhono zomlomo okanye zemoto

Ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho ikholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukungahoywa, ukuxhatshazwa, okanye intlupheko, unontlalontle okanye igosa lokhuselo lomntwana unokuthunyelwa ukuba asebenze nawe nosapho lwakho.

Iphathwa njani i-ARFID?

Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ukugcinwa esibhedlele kunokufuneka. Ngelixa ulapho, umntwana wakho unokufuna ityhubhu yokondla ukuze afumane ukutya okwaneleyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu hlobo lwesifo sokutya luqwalaselwa ngaphambi kokuba kulaliswe esibhedlele. Ingcebiso ngezesondlo okanye iintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo kunye nonyango zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana wakho ukuba oyise ingxaki yakhe. Umntwana wakho unokufuna ukutya ngendlela ethile kwaye athathe izongezo ezimiselweyo zesondlo. Oku kuya kubanceda bafumane ubunzima obucetyiswayo ngelixa befumana unyango.

Nje ukuba ukusilela kweevithamini kunye nezamaminerali kusonjululwe, umntwana wakho unokuba nokuqaphela ngakumbi ukondla rhoqo kunokuba lula.

Ithini imbonakalo yaBantwana abane-ARFID?

Kuba i-ARFID iseyi-diagnostic entsha, kukho ulwazi olulinganiselweyo kuphuhliso lwayo nakwimbonakalo yayo. Ngokubanzi, ingxaki yokutya inokuconjululwa ngokulula ukuba iyalungiswa kwakamsinya nje ukuba umntwana wakho aqale ukubonisa iimpawu zokutya okungapheliyo.

Xa ishiywe inganyangwa, ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya kungakhokelela kulibaziseko lokukhula komzimba kunye nengqondo okunokuchaphazela umntwana wakho ebomini. Umzekelo, xa ukutya okuthile kungafakwanga kukutya komntwana wakho, ukuphuculwa kwemoto yomlomo kunokuchaphazeleka. Oku kunokukhokelela kulibaziseko lokuthetha okanye iingxaki zexesha elide ngokutya ukutya okunencasa efanayo okanye ukwakheka. Kuya kufuneka ufune unyango kwangoko ukunqanda iingxaki. Thetha nogqirha ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokutya komntwana wakho kwaye ukrokrela ukuba une-ARFID.