Botulism

Umxholo

• Ziintoni Iimpawu zeBotulism?
• Yintoni oonobangela beBotulism? Ngubani Osemngciphekweni?
• Ichongwa Njani iBotulism?
• Inyangwa Njani iBotulism?
• Ndingayikhusela njani iBotulism?

Yintoni iBotulism?

I-Botulism (okanye i-botulism poisoning) isifo esinqabileyo kodwa esibi kakhulu esidlulisa ukutya, ukudibana nomhlaba ongcolileyo, okanye ngenxeba elivulekileyo. Ngaphandle konyango kwangoko, i-botulism inokubangela ukukhubazeka, ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokufa.

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili ze-botulism:

• usana lwe-botulism
• ukutya okubangelwa kukutya
• inxeba botulism

Ityhefu yeBotulism yenzeka ngenxa yetyhefu eveliswa luhlobo lwebhaktiriya ebizwa IClostridium botulinum. Nangona ixhaphake kakhulu, ezi bhaktiriya zinokuchuma kuphela kwiimeko apho kungekho oksijini. Imithombo ethile yokutya, enje ngokutya okusemathinini, ibonelela ngendawo yokuzalela enamandla.

Ngokutsho kwe-, malunga ne-145 iimeko ze-botulism zichazwa minyaka le e-United States. Malunga neepesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 zabo banetyhefu ye-botulism bayafa.

Ziintoni Iimpawu zeBotulism?

Iimpawu ze-botulism zinokuvela kwiiyure ezintandathu ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kosulelo lokuqala. Ngokomndilili, iimpawu zentsana kunye nokutya okune-botulism kubonakala phakathi kwe-12 kunye neeyure ezingama-36 emva kokutya ukutya okungcolileyo.

Iimpawu zokuqala zentsana ye-botulism zibandakanya:

• ukuqhina
• ubunzima bokutya
• ukudinwa
• ukucaphuka
• ukuvuza amathe
• ukuxhoma iinkophe
• isikhalo esibuthathaka
• ukulahleka kolawulo lwentloko kunye nokuhamba kwefloppy ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha
• ukukhubazeka

Iimpawu zokutya okanye inxeba ye-botulism ibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuginya okanye ukuthetha
• Ubuthathaka bobuso kumacala omabini obuso
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukuxhoma iinkophe
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye neekram zesisu (kuphela kukutya okune-botulism)
• ukukhubazeka

Yintoni oonobangela beBotulism? Ngubani Osemngciphekweni?

Iingxelo zokuba iipesenti ezingama-65 zamatyala e-botulism ayenzeka kwiintsana okanye kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala. I-botulism yeentsana ngesiqhelo sisiphumo sokuvezwa ngumhlaba ongcolileyo, okanye ngokutya ukutya okunee-botulism spores. Isiraphu yobusi nengqolowa yimizekelo emibini yokutya okunokuba nongcoliseko. Ezi spores zinokukhula ngaphakathi kumathumbu emathunjini abantwana, zikhuphe ityhefu ye-botulism. Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala baneendlela zokhuselo zendalo ezithintela ibacteria ukuba ingakhuli.

Ngokuka, malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zamatyala e-botulism kukutya. Oku kunokuba kukutya okusemathinini ekhaya okanye iimveliso zentengiso ezithengiswayo ezingakhange zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iingxelo zokuba ityhefu ye-botulism ifunyenwe:

• Imifuno egciniweyo enomxholo weasidi esezantsi, enjengeebhit, ispinatshi, amakhowa kunye neembotyi eziluhlaza
• iintlanzi zetyhuna enkonkxiweyo
• Iintlanzi ezibilisiweyo, ezitshayiweyo, kunye netyuwa
• iimveliso zenyama, ezinje nge ham kunye nesoseji

Inxeba le-botulism lenza iipesenti ezingama-20 zazo zonke iimeko ze-botulism, kwaye kungenxa yesifo se-botulism esingena kwilonda elivulekileyo, ngokuka. Izinga lokuvela kolu hlobo lwe-botulism lonyukile kule minyaka idlulileyo ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, njengoko ii-spores zihlala zikhona kwi-heroin nakwi-cocaine.

I-Botulism ayidluliswanga ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Umntu kufuneka asebenzise ii-spores okanye ityhefu ngokutya, okanye ityhefu kufuneka ingene enxebeni, ibangele iimpawu zetyhefu ye-botulism.

Ichongwa Njani iBotulism?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo une-botulism, fumana uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubalulekile ekusindeni.

Ukuchonga i-botulism, ugqirha uya kugqiba uvavanyo lomzimba, aqaphele naziphi na iimpawu zempawu zetyhefu ye-botulism. Baza kubuza malunga nokutya okutyiweyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo njengemithombo enokwenzeka yetyhefu, kwaye ukuba ukhona omnye umntu otye ukutya okufanayo. Baza kuphinda babuze malunga nawaphi na amanxeba.

Kubantwana, ugqirha uya kujonga iimpawu zomzimba, kwaye uya kubuza malunga nokutya okutywe lusana, njengobusi okanye isiraphu yengqolowa.

Ugqirha wakho unokuthatha iisampulu zegazi okanye isitulo ukuhlalutya ubukho beetyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinokuthatha iintsuku, ke uninzi loogqirha luxhomekeke ekuqwalaselweni kweempawu zeklinikhi ukwenza isifo.

Ezinye iimpawu ze-botulism zinokulinganisa ezinye izifo kunye neemeko. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukulawula ezinye izizathu. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• i-electromyography (EMG) yokuvavanya ukuphendula kwemisipha
• ukucinga ngokujonga ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo wangaphakathi entloko okanye kwingqondo
• ulingo lomqolo kuvavanyo lokuchonga ukuba ngaba usuleleko okanye ukwenzakala kwingqondo okanye umnqonqo kubangela iimpawu

Inyangwa Njani iBotulism?

Ukutya kunye ne-botulism yenxeba, ugqirha ulawula i-antitoxin ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxilongwa. Kwiintsana, unyango olwaziwa njenge-botulism immune globulin luthintela isenzo se-neurotoxins ejikeleza egazini.

Iimeko ezinzima ze-botulism zinokufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe isixhobo sokuphefumla ukunceda ukuphefumla. Ukuchacha kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. Unyango lwexesha elide kunye nokubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokuba yimfuneko kwiimeko ezinzima. Kukho isitofu sokuthintela i-botulism, kodwa asiqhelekanga, njengoko ukusebenza kwayo kungakhange kuvavanywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ndingayikhusela njani iBotulism?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-botulism kulula ukuyithintela. Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko ngale ndlela yokuthintela:

• Landela ubuchule obufanelekileyo xa unkonkxa ukutya ekhaya, uqinisekisa ukuba ufikelela kubushushu obaneleyo kunye namanqanaba ane-asidi.
• Lumka nakweyiphi na intlanzi ebilisiweyo okanye okunye ukutya okufumaneka emanzini.
• Yilahle nayiphi na inkonkxa evulekileyo okanye evuthayo yokutya okulungiselelwe ukuthengiswa.
• Ioyile yefriji efakwe igalikhi okanye imifuno.
• Iitapile ziphekwe kwaye zisongelwe ngefoyile yealuminium kunokwenza indawo engenaoksijini apho i-botulism inokuchuma. Gcina ezi zishushu okanye ifriji kwangoko.
• Ukutya okubilayo kwimizuzu eli-10 kuya kutshabalalisa ityhefu ye-botulism.

Njengomthetho, awusoze wondle ubusi lweentsana okanye isiraphu yengqolowa, kuba oku kutya kunokuqulatha IClostridium botulinum iimbewu.