I-Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Yintoni ebangela i-bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho zonyango?
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Imitha
• Iziyobisi ekujoliswe kuzo okanye i-immunotherapy
• Inkxaso yenkxaso
• Yintoni imbonakalo?
• Yintoni omele uyenze ngokulandelayo

Yintoni i-bronchogenic carcinoma?

I-bronchogenic carcinoma naluphi na uhlobo okanye uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga. Eli gama lalisetyenziselwa ukuchaza kuphela umhlaza othile wemiphunga owaqala kwi-bronchi kunye ne-bronchioles, indlela eya kwimiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje kubhekiswa kulo naluphi na uhlobo.

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana amancinci (i-SCLC) kunye nomhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci (NSCLC) zezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili ze-bronchogenic carcinoma. I-Adenocarcinoma, i-cell carcinoma enkulu, kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma zonke iintlobo ze-NSCLC.

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-bronchus uqhelekile, ubalwa malunga neepesenti ze-13 zamatyala omhlaza omtsha e-United States.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-bronchogenic carcinoma zinokuthamba kangangokuba zingakhali naziphi na iintsimbi zealam. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu azibonakali de kube umhlaza usasazeke. Ezi zezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga:

• Ukukhohlela okuqhubekayo okanye okuya kusiba mandundu
• ukuvutha
• ukukhohlela igazi kunye neencindi
• iintlungu zesifuba eziba mandundu xa uthatha umoya, uhleka okanye ukhohlela
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukudinwa
• ubuthathaka, ukudinwa
• Ukuhlaselwa rhoqo okanye okungapheliyo kwebronchitis okanye inyumoniya

Iimpawu zokuba umhlaza usasazekile unokubandakanya:

• isinqe okanye iintlungu zomqolo
• intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, okanye ukuxhuzula
• ukuba ndindisholo engalweni okanye emlenzeni
• mthubi ngamehlo kunye nolusu (jaundice)
• ukwandisa ii-lymph node
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga

Yintoni ebangela i-bronchogenic carcinoma?

Nabani na unokufumana umhlaza wemiphunga. Iqala xa iiseli zemiphunga ziqala ukuguquka. Endaweni yokufa njengoko kufanelekile, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziyaqhubeka nokuzala zize zenze amathumba.

Isizathu asinakuhlala simiselwa, kodwa zininzi izinto ezinokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo kukutshaya, enoxanduva malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zamatyala omhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko. Ukuvezwa komsi wecuba nako kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga. I-SCLC ayiqhelekanga kakhulu kune-NSCLC, kodwa iphantse yahlala isenzeka ngenxa yokutshaya kakhulu.

Unobangela wesibini oqhelekileyo kukuvezwa kweradon, igesi enemitha enokuza ngomhlaba nakwizakhiwo. Ayinambala kwaye ayinasiphunga, ngoko ngekhe wazi ukuba uyavezwa ngaphandle kokuba usebenzisa ikhithi yovavanyo lwe-radon.

Umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga umkhulu ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya obuye wavezwa kwi-radon.

Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya:

• ukuphefumla kwimichiza eyingozi efana neasbestos, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, uranium, kunye nezinye iimveliso zepetroleum
• ukubonakaliswa kukukhupha umsi kunye namanye amasuntswana emoyeni
• yemfuza; Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga inokukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu
• imitha yangaphambili kwimiphunga
• ukubonakaliswa kumanqanaba aphezulu e-arsenic emanzini okusela

Umhlaza wemiphunga uxhaphake kakhulu emadodeni, ngakumbi amadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika, kunabafazi.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-bronchogenic carcinoma?

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukukhusela umhlaza wemiphunga ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55, utshaye, okanye unembali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuba unempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ugqirha onokuzisebenzisa ukukunceda ekufumaneni isifo.

• Ukujonga iimvavanyo. I-X-ray yesifuba inokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ubunzima obuqhelekileyo okanye i-nodule. Ukuvavanywa kwesifuba nge-CT kunokubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya, mhlawumbi kubonise izilonda ezincinci emiphungeni ezinokuthi ziphoswe yiX-reyi.
• Isikhohlela cytology. Iisampulu zencindi ziqokelelwa emva kokukhohlela. Iisampulu ziyavavanywa phantsi kwemicroscope kubungqina bomhlaza.
• Uqhaqho. Isampuli yethishu ithathwa kwindawo ekrokrisayo yemiphunga yakho. Ugqirha wakho unokufumana isampulu usebenzisa i-bronchoscope, ityhubhu idlulise umqala emiphungeni. Okanye i-incision inokwenziwa kwisiseko sentamo yakho ukufikelela kwii-lymph node. Ngenye indlela, ugqirha wakho unokufaka inaliti kudonga lwesifuba emphungeni ukuze ufumane isampuli. Ugqirha wezifo uya kuvavanya isampulu phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na.

Ukuba umhlaza ubhaqiwe, ugqirha wezifo uya kuba nakho ukuchonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga. Emva koko umhlaza unokuhlelwa. Oku kunokufuna uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo olunje:

• i-biopsy yamanye amalungu aneendawo ezikrokrisayo
• iimvavanyo zokucinga ngemifanekiso, ezinje nge-CT, iMRI, iPET, okanye ukuskena amathambo kwamanye amalungu omzimba

Umhlaza wemiphunga uhlelwe ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4, kuxhomekeke ekubeni usasazeke kangakanani. Ukubeka esiteji kunceda ukukhokela unyango kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga noko unokulindela.

Zithini iindlela zokhetho zonyango?

Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga luyahluka ngohlobo oluthile, inqanaba, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Unokufuna indibaniselwano yonyango, enokubandakanya:

Ugqirha

Xa umhlaza uvalelwe emiphungeni, kungenziwa utyando. Ukuba unethumba elincinci, elo candelo lincinci lemiphunga, kunye nomda ojikelezileyo, linokususwa.

Ukuba kufuneka kuphume umlenze omnye wemiphunga, ibizwa ngokuba yi-lobectomy. I-pneumonectomy kutyando lokususa yonke imiphunga. (Kuyenzeka ukuba uhlale nomphefumlo omnye.)

Ngexesha lotyando olufanayo, ezinye ii-lymph node ezikufuphi nazo zinokususwa kwaye zivavanyelwe umhlaza.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yinkqubo yonyango. Ezi ziyobisi zinamandla zinokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni. Amanye amachiza e-chemotherapy anikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi kwaye amanye anokuthathwa ngomlomo. Unyango lunokuhlala iiveki ezininzi ukuya kwiinyanga ezininzi.

I-Chemotherapy ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amathumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele emva kotyando.

Imitha

Imitha isebenzisa imitha yamandla aphakamileyo ukujolisa kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kwindawo ethile yomzimba. Unyango lunokubandakanya unyango lwemihla ngemihla iiveki ezininzi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukunciphisa ama-tumors ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okanye ukujolisa kwiiseli zomhlaza ezishiye ngasemva emva kotyando.

I-Radiosurgery luhlobo olunamandla ngakumbi lonyango lwemitha oluthatha iiseshoni ezimbalwa. Oku kunokuba yinto enokukhetha kuyo ukuba awukwazi ukwenza utyando.

Iziyobisi ekujoliswe kuzo okanye i-immunotherapy

Iziyobisi ekujoliswe kuzo zezo zisebenza kuphela kutshintsho oluthile lwemfuza okanye iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza wemiphunga. Amachiza e-Immunotherapy anceda amajoni omzimba wakho ukuba aqonde kwaye alwe neeseli zomhlaza. Ezi zonyango zingasetyenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ohamba phambili okanye ophindaphindiweyo.

Inkxaso yenkxaso

Injongo yokhathalelo oluxhasayo kukunciphisa iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga kunye neziphumo zonyango. Inkathalo yokuxhasa, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukhathalelo lokuthomalalisa, isetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi ngokubanzi. Unokuba nonyango lomhlaza kunye nenkxaso yenkxaso ngaxeshanye.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Imbonakalo yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje:

• uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza wemiphunga
• isigaba sokuxilongwa
• ubudala kunye nempilo iyonke

Kunzima ukutsho ukuba umntu uza kuyiphendula njani kunyango oluthile. Ngokwe-Surveillance, Epidemiology, kunye neNkqubo yokuPhela kweZiphumo (i-SEER) evela kwiZiko leSizwe likaMhlaza, iminyaka emi-5 yamaqondo okusinda kwimiphunga kunye nemiphunga ye-bronchus yile:

Oku akufuneki kuthathwe njengokuxela kwangaphambili. La ngamanani ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga. Ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya ngokusekwe kwiinkcukacha ezithile kuwe.

Yintoni omele uyenze ngokulandelayo

Ukufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuninzi ongawuthatha, ke uya kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye noogqirha abagxile kumhlaza wemiphunga. Ngumbono olungileyo ukulungiselela ukutyelelwa kwakho ngugqirha okulandelayo ukuze ufumane okuninzi onokukufumana. Nazi izinto onokufuna ukuxoxa ngazo:

• Uhlobo luni lomhlaza wamaphaphu endinawo?
• Ngaba uyalazi inqanaba okanye ndifuna iimvavanyo ezingakumbi ukuze ndifumanise oko?
• Siyintoni isibhengezo esiqhelekileyo?
• Luluphi olona nyango lubalaseleyo kum kwaye zeziphi iinjongo zonyango ngalunye?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kwaye zinokunyangwa njani?
• Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba ndibenegqirha okhathalelayo onempawu?
• Ngaba ndilulungele na uvavanyo lwezonyango?
• Ndingalufumana phi ulwazi oluthembekileyo ukuze ndifunde ngakumbi?

Unokufuna nokucinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza wemiphunga. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa zokufumana olungileyo:

• Buza i-oncologist yakho, ugqirha wokhathalelo lokuqala, okanye isibhedlele sasekhaya.
• Jonga kwi-intanethi ngeenkqubo zenkxaso kunye neenkonzo.
• Qhagamshela nabasindileyo bomhlaza wemiphunga.
• Inethiwekhi yeQela leNkxaso yoMhlaza wemiphunga ibonelela ngenkxaso kumaxhoba nakubanakekeli.

Nokuba kwi-Intanethi okanye ngobuqu, amaqela enkxaso anokuqhagamshela nabanye abantu abakwiimeko ezifanayo. Amalungu anika kwaye afumane uncedo ngokwabelana ngolwazi oluluncedo malunga nokuhlala nomhlaza, ukukhathalela umntu onomhlaza, kunye neemvakalelo ezihamba nayo.