Ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana

Umxholo

• Ukugonywa ekufuneka kuthathwe lusana
• Ekuzalweni
• Iinyanga ezi-2
• Iinyanga ezi-3
• Iinyanga ezine
• Iinyanga ezi-5
• Iinyanga ezi-6
• Iinyanga ezili-9
• Iinyanga ezili-12
• Iinyanga ezili-15
• Iminyaka emi-4
• Nini ukuya kugqirha emva kogonyo
• Ngaba kukhuselekile ukugonya ngexesha le-COVID-19?

Ishedyuli yokugonya usana iquka izitofu zokugonya ekufuneka zithathwe ngumntwana ukusukela ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe de abe neminyaka emi-4, kuba usana xa luzalwa alunazo iindlela zokulwa usulelo kwaye izitofu ziyanceda ukukhuthaza Umzimba, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugula kunye nokunceda umntwana ukuba akhule esempilweni kwaye akhule kakuhle.

Onke amayeza okugonya kwikhalenda ayacetyiswa nguMphathiswa Wezempilo, ke ngoko, ahlawulelwa, kwaye kufuneka anikezelwe kwiwadi yokubelekisa okanye kwiziko lempilo. Uninzi lwezitofu zisetyenziswa ethangeni okanye engalweni yomntwana kwaye kubalulekile ukuba abazali, ngosuku lwesitofu sokugonya, bathathe incwadana yokugonya babhale phantsi izitofu ebezisenziwa, ukongeza kumhla wokugonywa okulandelayo.

Jonga izizathu ezi-6 ezifanelekileyo zokugcina irekhodi lakho lokugonya lihlaziyiwe.

Ukugonywa ekufuneka kuthathwe lusana

Ngokweshedyuli yokugonya yowama-2020/2021, izitofu ezicetyiswayo ukususela ekuzalweni kuye kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala zezi:

Ekuzalweni

• Isitofu sokugonya se-BCG: silawulwa ngethamo elinye kwaye siphepha iintlobo ezinzima zesifo sephepha, sisetyenziswa kwisibhedlele sokubeleka, esihlala sishiya isikhumba engalweni apho isitofu besifakwe khona, kwaye kufuneka senziwe ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-6;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis B: ithamo lokuqala logonyo luthintela i-hepatitis B, esisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane, i-HBV, enokuthi ichaphazele isibindi kwaye ikhokelele kuphuhliso lweengxaki kubomi bonke.Iiyure ezili-12 emva kokuzalwa.

Iinyanga ezi-2

• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis B: kucetyiswa ukulawulwa kwethamo lesibini;
• Ugonyo kathathu lwebhakteria (DTPa): idosi yokuqala yokugonya ekhusela kwi-diphtheria, isifo sokuqina kwemiphunga kunye nokukhohlela, ezizizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hib: ithamo lokuqala logonyo olukhusela kusulelo ngentsholongwane Haemophilus influenzae; 
• Isitofu sokugonya se-VIP: idosi yokuqala yesitofu sokugonya esikhusela kwipoliyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukukhubazeka kosana, esisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Bona ngakumbi malunga nogonyo lwepoliyo;
• Isitofu sokugonya iRotavirus: esi sitofu sokugonya sikhusela kusulelo lwe-rotavirus, esingunobangela ophambili wesifo segastroenteritis ebantwaneni. Idosi yesibini inokulawulwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-7;
• I-Pneumococcal Vaccine 10V: idosi yokuqala ngokuchasene nesifo se-pneumococcal, esikhusela ngokuchasene ne-pneumococcal serotypes ejongene nezifo ezinjenge-meningitis, i-pneumonia kunye ne-otitis. Idosi yesibini inokulawulwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-6.

Iinyanga ezi-3

• I-Meningococcal C Vaccine: Idosi yokuqala, ngokuchasene ne-serogroup C meningococcal meningitis;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal B: idosi yokuqala, ngokuchasene neserogroup B meningococcal meningitis.

Iinyanga ezine

• Isitofu sokugonya se-VIP: ithamo lesibini lokuthintela ukukhubazeka kwabantwana;
• Ugonyo kathathu lwebhakteria (DTPa): idosi yesibini yokugonya;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hib: ithamo lesibini lokugonya elikhusela kusulelo yintsholongwane Haemophilus influenzae.

Iinyanga ezi-5

• I-Meningococcal C Vaccine: Ithamo lesi-2, ngokuchasene neserogroup C meningococcal meningitis;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal B: idosi yokuqala, ngokuchasene ne-serogroup B meningococcal meningitis.

Iinyanga ezi-6

• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis B: kucetyiswa ukulawulwa kwethamo lesithathu lokutofa;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hib: ithamo lesithathu lokugonya elikhusela kusulelo yintsholongwane Haemophilus influenzae; 
• Isitofu sokugonya se-VIP: ithamo lesithathu lokuthintela ukukhubazeka kwabantwana;
• Ukugonywa kathathu kwebhaktiriya: idosi yesithathu yokugonya.

Ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukubheka phambili, kukwacetyiswa ukuba kuqalwe ukugonywa kwintsholongwane i-Influenzae, enoxanduva lomkhuhlane, kwaye umntwana kufuneka agonywe minyaka le ngexesha lephulo.

Iinyanga ezili-9

• Ugonyo lwe-yellow fever: idosi yokuqala yokugonya i-yellow fever.

Iinyanga ezili-12

• Vaccine Pneumococcal: Ukomeleza isitofu sokugonya ngokuchasene ne-meningitis, i-pneumonia kunye ne-otitis.
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Hepatitis A: idosi yokuqala, eye-2 ibonakaliswe kwiinyanga ezili-18;
• I-Vaccine kathathu yentsholongwane: Idosi yokuqala yokuthintela ekhusela imasisi, irubella kunye noqwilikana;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal C: ukomeleza isitofu sokuthintela isifo i-meningitis C. Oku kuqiniswa kunokulawulwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-15;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal B: ukomeleza isitofu sokuthintela isifo kuhlobo lwe-meningitis, esinokuqhutywa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-15;
• Ukugonya kwenkukhu:

Ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukubheka phambili kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugonyo ngokuchasene nepoliyo lwenziwe ngolawulo lomlomo lwesitofu, esaziwa njenge-OPV, kwaye umntwana kufuneka agonywe ngexesha lephulo ukuya kwiminyaka emi-4.

Iinyanga ezili-15

• Isitofu sokugonya sePentavalent: Idosi yesine yokugonya i-VIP;
• Isitofu sokugonya se-VIP: ukomeleza isitofu sokugonya sepoliyo, esinokuqhutywa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-18;
• I-Vaccine kathathu yentsholongwane: ithamo lesibini lokuthintela, elinokuqhutywa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezingama-24;
• Isitofu sokugonya i-chickenpox: ithamo lesibini, elinokulawulwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezingama-24;

Ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-15 ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-18, kuyacetyiswa ukomeleza isitofu sokugonya kathathu (DTP) esikhusela kwi-diphtheria, isifo sokuqina kwemiphunga kunye nokukhohlela, kunye nokomelezwa kwesitofu sokukhusela isifoHaemophilus influenzae.

Iminyaka emi-4

• Isitofu sokugonya se-DTP: Ukuqiniswa kwesibini kokugonya ngokuchasene ne-tetanus, diphtheria kunye nokukhohlela;
• Isitofu sokugonya sePentavalent: Idosi yesi-5 enesixhasi se-DTP ngokuchasene ne-tetanus, diphtheria kunye nokukhohlela;
• Ukomeleza isitofu sokugonya se-yellow fever;
• Ugonyo lwepoliyo: okokuthintela ukonyusa isitofu sesibini.

Kwimeko yokulibala kubalulekile ukugonya umntwana ngokukhawuleza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba aye kwiziko lempilo, ukongeza ekubeni kubalulekile ukuthatha onke amathamo esitofu ngasinye ukuze umntwana akhuselwe ngokupheleleyo.

Nini ukuya kugqirha emva kogonyo

Emva kokuba umntwana enesitofu sokugonya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba umntwana:

• Utshintsho kulusu olufana neepelethi ezibomvu okanye ukucaphuka;
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu ko 39ºC;
• Ukuxhuzula;
• Kunzima ukuphefumla, khohlela kakhulu okanye wenze ingxolo xa uphefumla.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zibonakala kwiyure ezi-2 emva kogonyo kunokubonisa ukusabela kwisitofu sokugonya. Ke, xa kuvela iimpawu, kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha ukunqanda ukuba mandundu kwemeko leyo. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wabantwana ukuba ngaba ukusabela okuqhelekileyo kwisitofu sokugonya, njengokubomvu okanye iintlungu kwindawo leyo, akupheli emva kweveki. Nantsi into enokuyenza ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya.

Ngaba kukhuselekile ukugonya ngexesha le-COVID-19?

Ukugonywa kubalulekile ngawo onke amaxesha ebomini, ke ngoko, akufuneki kuphazanyiswe nangamaxesha obunzima afana nesifo se-COVID-19.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu wonke, yonke imithetho yezempilo iyathotyelwa ukukhusela abo baya kwizithuba zempilo ze-SUS ukuze bagonywe.