Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2

Umxholo

• Yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2?
• Kutheni kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2
• Isampuli yegazi ithathwa njani
• Isampulu yegazi yeVenipuncture
• Isampulu yegazi
• Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi
• Umngcipheko wovavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2
• Iziphumo zovavanyo
• I-bicarbonate esezantsi (HCO3)
• IBicarbonate ephezulu (HCO3)
• Umbono wexesha elide

Yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2 lilinganisa inani le-carbon dioxide (CO2) kwi-serum yegazi, eyinxalenye engamanzi yegazi. Uvavanyo lwe-CO2 lukwabizwa ngokuba:

• uvavanyo lwekharbon diokside
• uvavanyo lwe-TCO2
• uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-CO2
• Uvavanyo lwe-bicarbonate
• uvavanyo lwe-HCO3
• i-serum yovavanyo lwe-CO2

Unokufumana uvavanyo lwe-CO2 njengenxalenye yephaneli ye-metabolic. Iphaneli yemetabolic liqela leemvavanyo ezilinganisa ii-electrolyte kunye neegesi zegazi.

Umzimba uneendlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-CO2:

• I-HCO3 (i-bicarbonate, eyona fomu iphambili ye-CO2 emzimbeni)
• I-PCO2 (ikharbon diokside)

Ugqirha wakho angalusebenzisa olu vavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho ukungalingani phakathi kweoksijini necarbon dioxide egazini lakho okanye ukungalingani kwepH egazini lakho. Oku kungalingani kunokuba yimiqondiso yezintso, ukuphefumula, okanye ukuphazamiseka komzimba.

Kutheni kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2

Ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2 ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho. Iimpawu zokungalingani kweoksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside okanye ukungalingani kwe-pH kubandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• obunye ubunzima bokuphefumla
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha

Ezi mpawu zinokubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga kubandakanya utshintsho phakathi kweoksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside.

Uya kudinga ukuba i-oksijini yegazi lakho kunye namanqanaba ecarbon dioxide alinganiswe rhoqo ukuba ngaba unyango lweoksijini okanye utyando oluthile.

Isampuli yegazi ithathwa njani

Iisampulu zegazi zovavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2 zinokuthathwa kumthambo okanye umthambo.

Isampulu yegazi yeVenipuncture

IVenipuncture ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isampulu yegazi esisiseko ethathwe emthanjeni. Ugqirha wakho uya kuku-odola isampulu yegazi yokuphindisela ukuba ufuna umlinganiso we-HCO3 kuphela.

Ukufumana isampulu yegazi yokuphindisela, umboneleli wezempilo:

• icoca indawo (ihlala ingaphakathi kwengqiniba) ngesinqandi-magciwane esibulala intsholongwane
• isonga ibhanti ejiyileyo ejikeleze ingalo yakho ephezulu ukuze umthambo udumbe ligazi
• ngobunono faka inaliti emthanjeni kwaye uqokelele igazi kumbhobho oqhotyoshelweyo de ube ugcwele
• isusa ibhanti e-elastic kunye nenaliti
• igubungela inxeba lokugqobhoza nge-gauze engenazintsholongwane ukunqanda ukopha

Isampulu yegazi

Uhlalutyo lwegesi yegazi ihlala iyinxalenye yovavanyo lwe-CO2. Uhlalutyo lwegesi lwegazi ludinga igazi lokuhambisa igazi ngenxa yokuba iigesi kunye namanqanaba e-pH kwimithambo yegazi eyahlukileyo kwigazi le-venous (igazi elivela kumthambo).

Imithambo ihambisa ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo ithwala inkunkuma yemetabolism kunye negazi elingenayo i-oksijini kwimiphunga ukuze ikhutshwe njenge-carbon dioxide kunye nezintso ekufuneka zidluliswe kumchamo.

Le nkqubo inzima ngakumbi yenziwa yingcali eqeqeshelwe ukufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo kwimithambo. Igazi le-Arterial lihlala lithathwa kumthambo esihlahleni esibizwa ngokuba ngumthambo weradial. Lo ngumthambo omkhulu ngokuhambelana nobhontsi, apho unokuziva khona ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho.

Okanye, igazi linokuqokelelwa kumthambo we-brachial engqinibeni okanye kumthambo wobufazi kwi-groin. Ukufumana isampuli yegazi elinomdla, ugqirha:

• icoca indawo nge-antiseptic yokubulala intsholongwane
• ngobunono ufaka inaliti kwimithambo yegazi kwaye utsala igazi kumbhobho oqhotyoshelweyo de ube ugcwele
• isusa inaliti
• uxinizela ngokuqinileyo inxeba kangangemizuzu emihlanu ubuncinane ukuqinisekisa ukopha kuyayeka. (Imithambo ihambisa igazi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunemithambo, yiyo loo nto ke ithatha ixesha elininzi ukuba igazi lenze ihlwili.)
• ibeka urhangqo oluqinileyo kwindawo yokuhluza eya kuthi ihlale endaweni okungenani iyure

Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi

Ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba uzile ukutya, okanye uyeke ukutya nokusela, phambi kovavanyo lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho unokucela ukuba uyeke ukuthatha amayeza athile ngaphambi kovavanyo olufana nee-corticosteroids okanye ii-antacids. La machiza andisa uxinzelelo lwe-bicarbonate emzimbeni.

Umngcipheko wovavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2

Kukho umngcipheko omncinci onxulunyaniswa novavanyo lokuphindisela kunye nokuvavanywa kwegazi. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukopha kakhulu
• isiqaqa
• intloko elula
• ihematoma, esisigaqa segazi phantsi kolusu
• usulelo kwindawo yokuhlatywa

Emva kokutsalwa kwegazi, ugqirha wakho uya kuqinisekisa ukuba uziva uphilile kwaye uya kukuxelela indlela yokunyamekela indawo yokuhlatywa ukunciphisa ithuba losulelo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-CO2 ngama-23 ukuya kuma-29 mEq / L (iiyunithi zeemilliequivalent kwilitha nganye yegazi).

Uvavanyo lwegazi luhlala lilinganisa i-pH yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-CO2 ukuqhubela phambili ukumisela unobangela weempawu zakho. I-pH yegazi yimilinganiselo ye-acidity okanye i-alkalinity. I-Alkalosis kuxa amanzi akho emzimbeni enealkaline kakhulu. I-Acidosis, kwelinye icala, kuxa ulwelo lomzimba wakho lune asidi kakhulu.

Ngokwesiqhelo, igazi lisisiseko esincinci kunye nomlinganiso we-pH kufutshane no-7.4 ogcinwe ngumzimba. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-7.35 ukuya kwi-7.45 ithathwa njengengathathi hlangothi. Umlinganiselo we-pH wegazi ongaphantsi kwe-7.35 uthathwa njenge-asidi. Into ine-alkaline ngakumbi xa umlinganiso wegazi layo le-pH likhulu kuno-7.45.

I-bicarbonate esezantsi (HCO3)

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-bicarbonate esezantsi kunye ne-pH esezantsi (engaphantsi kwe-7.35) yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-metabolic acidosis. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• ukusilela kwezintso
• urhudo oluqatha
• I-lactic acidosis
• ukuxhuzula
• umhlaza
• ukungabikho kwexesha elide kweoksijini evela kwi-anemia enkulu, ukusilela kwentliziyo, okanye ukothuka
• I-ketoacidosis yeswekile (isifo seswekile)

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-bicarbonate esezantsi kunye ne-pH ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-7.45) yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-alkalosis yokuphefumla. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Uxinzelelo
• ifiva
• intlungu
• ixhala

IBicarbonate ephezulu (HCO3)

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-bicarbonate ephezulu kunye ne-pH esezantsi (engaphantsi kwe-7.35) yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-acidosis yokuphefumla. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• umbefu
• i-fibrosis yemiphunga
• ukubonakaliswa kwemichiza enetyhefu
• iziyobisi ezithintela ukuphefumla, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe notywala
• isifo sephepha
• umhlaza wemiphunga
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga
• ukutyeba kakhulu

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-bicarbonate ephezulu kunye ne-pH ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-7.45) yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-metabolic alkalosis. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• ukugabha okungapheliyo
• amanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium
• i-hypoventilation, ebandakanya ukuphefumla okucothayo kunye nokunciphisa ukupheliswa kwe-CO2

Umbono wexesha elide

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumana ukungalingani kwe-CO2 ebonisa i-acidosis okanye i-alkalosis, baya kujonga unobangela wokungalingani kwaye bakuphathe ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba oonobangela bayohluka, unyango lunokubandakanya indibaniselwano yotshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, amayeza kunye notyando.