Umhlaza kwi-anus: yintoni, iimpawu, ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wamva
• Njani na isifo
• Unyango lomhlaza wangasemva

Umhlaza kwi-anus, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wangasemva, luhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza obonakala ikakhulu ngokuphuma kwegazi kunye nentlungu yangasemva, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba kwamathumbu. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-50, ababelana ngesondo ezimpundwini okanye abosuleleke yintsholongwane ye-HPV kunye ne-HIV.

Ngokwenziwa kwethumba, umhlaza wangasemva unokuhlelwa ube ngamanqanaba aphambili ama-4:

• Inqanaba 1: umhlaza wangasemva ungaphantsi kwe-2 cm;
• Inqanaba 2: umhlaza uphakathi kwe-2 cm kunye ne-4 cm, kodwa ubekwe kuphela kwi-canal anal;
• Inqanaba 3: umhlaza ungaphezulu kwe-4 cm, kodwa usasazeke kwiindawo ezikufutshane, ezinjenge-bladder okanye urethra;
• Inqanaba 4: umhlaza uhlasele amanye amalungu omzimba.

Ngokuchongwa kwenqanaba lomhlaza, i-oncologist okanye i-proctologist inokubonisa olona nyango lufanelekileyo ukufezekisa unyango ngokulula, uninzi lwamaxesha ayimfuneko ukwenza i-chemo kunye ne-radiotherapy.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wamva

Olona phawu luphambili lomhlaza ezimpundu bubukho begazi elibomvu eliqaqambileyo kwizitulo kunye neentlungu zangasese ngexesha lokuhamba kwamathumbu, ezinokuthi zikwenze ucinge ukuba ezi mpawu zibangelwa bubukho beemiphunga. Ezinye iimpawu ezibonisa umdlavuza womhlaza zi:

• Ukudumba kwindawo eyimpundu;
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba yamathumbu;
• Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukutshisa kwi-anus;
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba;
• Ubukho besigaxa okanye ubunzima kwi-anus;
• Ukonyusa ubungakanani bee-lymph node.

Kubalulekile ukuba nje ukuba iimpawu ezibonisa umhlaza zivele kwi-anus, umntu uye kugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye kugqirha wezonyango ukuze kuvavanywe kwaye kungafunyaniswa isifo. Jonga nezinye izizathu zentlungu kwi-anus.

Umhlaza kwi-anus uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-virus ye-HPV, banembali yomhlaza, basebenzise iziyobisi ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba, inentsholongwane ye-HIV, bayatshaya, banamaqabane amaninzi esini kwaye baba neentlobano zesini ezimpundu. Ke ngoko, ukuba umntu uwela kweli qela lomngcipheko kwaye ebonakalisa iimpawu, kubalulekile ukuba uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenziwe.

Njani na isifo

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza kwi-anus kwenziwa ngovavanyo lweempawu ezichazwe ngumntu kunye novavanyo olunokucetyiswa ngugqirha, njengokuvavanywa kwamacandelo edijithali, iproctoscopy kunye ne-anuscopy, enokuba buhlungu, ngenxa yokwenzakala okubangelwa ngumhlaza, kwaye unokwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia, kodwa zibalulekile kuba zijolise ekuvavanyeni ummandla wempundu ngokuchonga naluphi na utshintsho olubonisa isifo. Qonda ukuba yintoni i-anuscopy kwaye yenziwa njani.

Ukuba naluphi na utshintsho olucetyiswayo lomhlaza lufunyenwe ngexesha loviwo, i-biopsy inokucelwa ukuba iqinisekise ukuba ngaba olo tshintsho alunabungozi okanye lubi. Ukongeza, ukuba i-biopsy ibonisa umhlaza we-anus, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-MRI ukujonga ubungakanani bomhlaza.

Unyango lomhlaza wangasemva

Unyango lomhlaza ezimpundu kufuneka lwenziwe ngugqirha okanye ugqirha oncologist kwaye luhlala lusenziwa ngokudityaniswa kwe-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation iiveki ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6, ke akukho sidingo sokuhlala esibhedlele. Ugqirha usenokucebisa ngoqhaqho ukususa amathumba amancinci, ingakumbi kumanqanaba amabini okuqala omhlaza, okanye ukususa umjelo wamva, isikali kunye nenxalenye yekholoni, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa kufuneka kususwe inxenye enkulu yamathumbu, isigulana sinokufuna ukuba ne-ostomy, eyingxowa ebekwe phezu kwesisu kwaye efumana ilindle, ekufuneka ipheliswe nge-anus . Ingxowa ye-ostomy kufuneka itshintshwe xa igcwele.

Jonga ukuba unokuluxhasa njani unyango lwakho ngokutya okulwa nomhlaza.