Iicarbohydrate zetyiswa njani?

Umxholo

• Iindidi zeecarbohydrate
• Ukutya imihla ngemihla
• Zicolwa njani iicarbohydrate?
• 1. Umlomo
• 2. Isisu
• 3. Amathumbu amancinci, iipancreas, kunye nesibindi
• 4. Ikholoni
• Iimeko zonyango ezichaphazela indlela ezetyiwa ngayo iikhabhohayidrethi
• IGalactosemia
• Fructose malabsorption
• Iimpawu zeMucopolysaccharidoses
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism
• Umgca wezantsi
• Ezinye iingcebiso
  

Yintoni iicarbohydrate?

IiCarbohydrate zinika umzimba amandla okwenza imisebenzi yosuku yengqondo kunye neyomzimba. Ukugaya okanye ukugaya ukutya okune-carbohydrate kuphula ukutya kube yiswekile, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-saccharides. Ezi molekyuli ziqala ukwetyisa emlonyeni kwaye ziqhubeke ngomzimba ukuze zisetyenziselwe nantoni na ukusuka ekusebenzeni kweseli okuqhelekileyo ukuya ekukhuleni kweseli kunye nokulungiswa.

Mhlawumbi uvile ukuba ezinye iicarbohydrate zithathwa njengezilungileyo ngelixa ezinye zimbi "." Kodwa ngokwenene, akulula kangako.

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zeecarbohydrate. Ezinye iikhabhohayidrethi ziyenzeka ngokwendalo. Ungazifumana kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno epheleleyo, ngelixa ezinye zigqitywa kwaye zicocwa, kwaye kusilela okanye kuhluthwe izondlo zazo. Nantsi le nto:

Iindidi zeecarbohydrate

Ezi ntlobo zintathu zecarbs zezi:

• istatshi okanye iicarbbs ezintsonkothileyo
• Iswekile okanye iikhabho ezilula
• ifayibha

Zombini iikhabhohayidrethi ezilula nezintsonkothileyo ziyehla ziye kwiswekile (aka iswekile yegazi). I-carb elula yenye yeemolekyuli zeswekile enye okanye ezimbini, ngelixa icarb entsonkothileyo iqulethe ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu iimolekyuli zeswekile.

I-Fiber, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifunyenwe kwi-carbs ephilileyo, kodwa ayigcini okanye iphulwe. Kubonakalisiwe ukuba kulungile kwimpilo yentliziyo kunye nolawulo lobunzima.

Iswekile elula ngokwendalo ifumaneka kwiziqhamo kunye nobisi. Kukwakhona ukucutshungulwa kunye nokucocwa kweswekile elula ezinokuthi iinkampani zokutya zongeze kukutya okunje ngeesoda, iilekese kunye needizethi.

Imithombo elungileyo yeecarbohydrate ezinzima ibandakanya:

• amazimba
• iimbotyi
• iimbotyi
• iilentile
• ertyisi
• iitapile

Ifayibha ifumaneka kwii-carbs ezininzi ezinempilo ezinje:

• iziqhamo
• imifuno
• amazimba
• iimbotyi
• iimbotyi

Ukusebenzisa i-carb fibrous, complex and carbs ezivela kwimithombo yendalo efana neziqhamo kunokukukhusela kwisifo kwaye kunokukunceda ugcine ubunzima bakho. Ezi carbs zibandakanya iivithamini kunye neeminerals.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-carbohydrate ezigqityiweyo kunye neziphuculweyo ziphezulu kwiikhalori kodwa zingenasondlo. Bavame ukwenza abantu batyebe kwaye banokuba negalelo kuphuhliso lweemeko ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala, njengohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

Ukutya imihla ngemihla

IiCarbohydrate kufuneka zenze iipesenti ezingama-45 ukuya kuma-65 zekhalori yakho yemihla ngemihla ngokutya ngokwesikhokelo saseMelika.

Umntu otya iikhalori ezingama-2 000 ngosuku, oku kuthetha ukuba ii-carbohydrate zinokwenza i-900 ukuya kwi-1,300 yezo khalori. Amanani ajikeleze i-225 ukuya kwi-325 yeegram suku ngalunye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha kwakho i-carb kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho.

Zicolwa njani iicarbohydrate?

Konke ukutya okutyayo kuhamba kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya ukuze ikwaphule kwaye isetyenziswe ngumzimba. IiCarbohydrate zithatha uhambo ngokuqala ngokungena emlonyeni kwaye ziphele ngokupheliswa kwikholoni yakho. Kuninzi okwenzekayo phakathi kwendawo yokungena kunye nokuphuma.

1. Umlomo

Uqala ukwetyisa iikhabhohayidrethi okomzuzu ukutya kubetha emlonyeni wakho. Amathe afihliweyo avela kwiincindi zamathe akho amanzisa ukutya njengoko ehlafunwayo.

Amathe akhupha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-amylase, eqala inkqubo yokuhla kweswekile kwiicarbohydrate ozityayo.

2. Isisu

Ukusuka apho, uyakuginya ukutya ngoku okuhlafunwayo kube ziingceba ezincinci. IiCarbohydrate zihamba ngesisu sakho ukuya kwisisu sakho. Kule nqanaba, ukutya kuthethwa ngokuba yi-chyme.

Isisu sakho senza iasidi yokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-chyme ngaphambi kokuba yenze inyathelo elilandelayo kuhambo lokugaya.

3. Amathumbu amancinci, iipancreas, kunye nesibindi

I-chyme ke iphuma esiswini iye kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci, abizwa ngokuba yi-duodenum. Oku kubangela ukuba i-pancreas ikhuphe i-pancreatic amylase. Le enzyme idiliza i-chyme kwi-dextrin kunye ne-maltose.

Ukusuka apho, udonga lwamathumbu amancinci luqala ukwenza i-lactase, sucrase, kunye ne-maltase. Ezi enzymes zidiliza iiswekile zide ziye kwi-monosaccharides okanye iswekile enye.

Ezi swekile zezona kuthi ekugqibeleni zingeniswe emathunjini amancinci. Nje ukuba bangene, bacutshungulwa ngakumbi sisibindi kwaye bagcinwe njenge-glycogen. Enye i-glucose ishukunyiswa emzimbeni ngegazi.

Ihommone insulin ikhutshwa kwiipancreas kwaye ivumela iswekile ukuba isetyenziswe njengamandla.

4. Ikholoni

Nantoni na eseleyo emva kwezi nkqubo zokwetyisa iya kwikholoni. Emva koko yaphulwe yintsholongwane yamathumbu. Ifayibha iqulethwe kwiicarbohydrate ezininzi kwaye ayinakwetyiswa ngumzimba. Ifikelela kwikholoni kwaye emva koko isuswe ngezitulo zakho.

Iimeko zonyango ezichaphazela indlela ezetyiwa ngayo iikhabhohayidrethi

Kukho iimeko zonyango ezinokuphazamisa inkqubo yokwetyisa iikhabhohayidrethi. Olu luhlu lulandelayo aluphelelanga kwaye ezi meko zihlala zinqabile kwaye zinemfuza, oko kuthetha ukuba bazuze ilifa ekuzalweni.

IGalactosemia

IGalactosemia sisifo esichaphazela indlela umzimba oqhuba ngayo iswekile galactose, iswekile eyinxalenye yeswekile enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-lactose efumaneka kubisi, itshizi kunye nezinye iimveliso zobisi. Kukhokelela ekubeni iswekile eninzi egazini, ibangele iingxaki ezinje ngokulimala kwesibindi, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, okanye imiba yokuzala.

Fructose malabsorption

Le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba kukunganyamezelani kwi-fructose. Ichaphazela indlela umzimba owaphula ngayo iswekile fructose kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno, ubusi, i-agave, kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• urhudo
• ukudinwa okungapheliyo

Iimpawu zeMucopolysaccharidoses

I-Hunter syndrome luhlobo lwesifo esizuzwe njengelifa elichazwe phantsi kwe-mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-4 ubudala kwaye ibangelwa yi-enzyme elahlekileyo engaphuli i-carbohydrate. Amandla omzimba, ukubonakala, ukukhula kwengqondo, kunye nokusebenza kwamalungu konke kunokuchaphazeleka kwesi sifo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism

Ukusilela kwePyruvate dehydrogenase luhlobo lwesifo esizuzwe njengelifa olwahlulahlulwa kukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism. Ibangela ulwakhiwo lwe-lactic acid egazini.

Iimpawu zingaqala kwasebusaneni. Ziquka:

• ukungakhathali
• ukondla okungondlekanga
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ithoni yemisipha engeyiyo
• iintshukumo zamehlo ezingaqhelekanga

Iimpawu zinokubonakala zibi kakhulu emva kokutya okunzima kwe-carbohydrate.

Umgca wezantsi

Umzimba ufuna iicarbohydrate ukuze usebenze kakuhle. Ukutya okunotye kukutya okupheleleyo okusempilweni kufuneka kukunike ipetroli eyaneleyo kumandla ngosuku lwakho.

Qiniseka ukuba ubandakanya isixa esikhulu seecarbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana neziqhamo kunye nemifuno-ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-900 kunye ne-1,300 yeekhalori mihla le. Ewe, eli xabiso liya kwahluka ngokobude bakho, ubunzima, kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi. Ngezidingo zakho ezithile ze-carbohydrate, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthethe nesazi sokutya.

Ezinye iingcebiso

• Kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno, gcwalisa ipleyiti yakho ngeenkozo ezipheleleyo endaweni yeenkozo ezicoliweyo. Olu lukhetho oluntsonkothileyo lwe-carbohydrate luqulathe ifayibha eninzi kunye nezakhamzimba eziphambili, njengeevithamini ze-B.
• Jonga iimveliso zobisi ezineswekile eyongeziweyo. Ubisi olunamafutha asezantsi, itshizi, kunye neeyogti zinika umzimba umzimba i-calcium kunye neeproteni, kunye nezinye iivithamini kunye neeminerali ngaphandle komthwalo wekhalori.
• Faka iimbotyi ezininzi, i-ertyisi, kunye neelentile kusuku lwakho. Ayigcini nje ngokukubonelela ngee-carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa zikwaqhayisa ngeeprotein, i-folate, i-potassium, i-iron kunye ne-magnesium ngaphandle kwamafutha amaninzi.
• Funda iilebhile zakho. Soloko ujonge iswekile eyongeziweyo, ngakumbi kukutya okwenziweyo. Kufuneka ujonge ukufumana ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zeekhalori zakho ngosuku ngalunye kwiishukela ezongeziweyo okanye i-carbohydrate elula.