Iiseli zeziqu: ziyintoni, ziindidi kwaye kutheni uzigcina

Umxholo

• Iindidi zeeseli zeziqu
• Yenziwa njani unyango lwe-stem cell
• Kutheni ugcina iiseli zeziqu?
• Izinto eziluncedo zokugcina isiqu seeseli

Iiseli zestem ziiseli ezingakhange zahluleke ukwahlulahlula iiseli kwaye zinamandla okuzihlaziya kwaye zivelise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, zikhokelela kwiiseli ezizodwa ezinoxanduva lokwenza izicwili ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Ngenxa yesikhundla sabo sokuzihlaziya kunye nokuziqhelanisa, iiseli ezinamasetyana zingasetyenziswa kunyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje nge-myelofibrosis, thalassemia kunye ne-sickle cell anemia, umzekelo.

Iindidi zeeseli zeziqu

Iiseli zestem zingahlelwa kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Iiseli ezinombunguZenziwe ekuqaleni kokukhula kombungu kwaye zinamandla amakhulu okwahlulahlula, zikwazi ukunika naluphi na uhlobo lweseli, olukhokelela ekubunjweni kweeseli ezizodwa;
2. Iiseli ezingena-embryonic okanye zabantu abadala: Ezi ziiseli ezingakhange zenze yantlukwano kwaye zinoxanduva lokuhlaziya zonke izicwili emzimbeni. Olu hlobo lweseli lunokufunyanwa naphi na emzimbeni, kodwa ikakhulu kwimbambo yomongo kunye nomongo wethambo. Iiseli zabantu abadala zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini aphambili: iiseli zehemopopoietic stem, ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa iiseli zegazi, kunye neeseli zemesenchymal, ezibangela intlala, izihlunu kunye nemisipha, umzekelo.

Ukongeza kwi-embryonic kunye neeseli zabantu abadala, kukwakho neeseli zeziqu, eziveliswa elebhu kwaye ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli.

Yenziwa njani unyango lwe-stem cell

Iiseli zestem zikhona ngokwendalo emzimbeni kwaye ziyimfuneko ekuvelisweni kweeseli ezintsha kunye nasekuvuseleleni izicwili. Ukongeza, zinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo, eziphambili zezi:

• Isifo sikaHodgkin, i-myelofibrosis okanye ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia;
• Beta thalassemia;
• I-anemia yesifo sokugula;
• Isifo sikaKrabbe, isifo sikaGünther okanye isifo seGaucher, ezizizifo ezinxulumene nemetabolism;
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle emzimbeni okufana nezifo ezinganyangekiyo;
• Iziphene ezinxulumene nentambo yomqolo ezinje ngeentlobo ezithile zeanemia, neutropenia okanye iEvans syndrome;
• Osteopetrosis.

Ukongeza, olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ii-stem cell zinamandla okusetyenziswa ekunyangeni izifo ezingekabikho nyango okanye unyango olusebenzayo, ezinje nge-Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Cerebral Palsy, AIDS, Rheumatoid Arthritis kunye nohlobo 1 lweSwekile. kwenziwa unyango lwe-stem cell.

Kutheni ugcina iiseli zeziqu?

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kunyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo, iiseli ezinesiqu zinokuqokelelwa kwaye zigcinwe kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu ukuze zisetyenziswe lusana okanye usapho xa lufuneka.

Inkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokugcina iiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cryopreservation kunye nomnqweno wokuqokelela kunye nokugcina ezi seli kufuneka waziswe ngaphambi kokuziswa. Emva kokubeleka, iiseli zeziqu zomntwana zingafunyanwa kwigazi, kwintambo yesifuba okanye kumongo wethambo. Emva kokuqokelelwa, iiseli zeziqu zigcinwa kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu, ezivumela ukuba zibekhona nangaliphi na ixesha kangangeminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25.

Iiseli ezilondoloziweyo zihlala zigcinwa kwiilebhu ezikhethekileyo kwi-histocompatibility kunye ne-cryopreservation, ehlala inikezela ngezicwangciso ezihlawulelweyo zokugcina iiseli kangangeminyaka engama-25, okanye kwibhanki kawonkewonke ngenkqubo ye-BrasilCord Network, apho iiseli zinikezelwa kuluntu, kwaye isetyenziselwa unyango lwezifo okanye uphando.

Izinto eziluncedo zokugcina isiqu seeseli

Ukugcina iiseli zomhlambo womntwana wakho kunokuba luncedo ekunyangeni izifo ezinokuba nalo usapho okanye usapho olusondeleyo kuye. Ke, izibonelelo zokugcinwa kwakhona zibandakanya:

1. Khusela usapho kunye nosapho: kwimeko apho kukho imfuneko yokukhutshelwa kwezi seli, ukugcinwa kwazo kuyawanciphisa amathuba okwaliwa kosana, kwaye kukwakho nethuba lokuba zingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga naliphi na ilungu losapho elithe ngqo elinokulifuna, njenge umzalwana okanye umzala, umzekelo.
2. Yenza ukufumaneka kweseli kwangoko ukufakelwa kwimeko yesidingo;
3. Indlela elula yokuqokelela, eyenziwa kwangoko emva kokubeleka kwaye ayibangeli zintlungu kunina okanye kusana.

Iiseli ezifanayo zinokufunyanwa ngomongo wethambo, kodwa amathuba okufumana umnikeli ohambelana nawo mancinci, ukongeza kwinkqubo yokuqokelela iiseli, kukho umngcipheko, ofuna utyando.

Ukupheliswa kweeseli zeziqu ngexesha lokubeleka yinkonzo enokuba nexabiso eliphezulu kunye nesigqibo sokusebenzisa le nkonzo okanye kungenjalo kufuneka kuxoxwe nogqirha, ukuze abazali bamva nje benze esona sigqibo silungileyo ngomntwana wabo. Ukongeza, iiseli zeziqu azisebenzeli nje ukunyanga izigulo umntwana anazo, kodwa zinokunyanga izifo zamalungu osapho ngokuthe ngqo, njengomntakwenu, utata okanye umzala.