Unyango loMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

Umxholo

• Unyango lwezilonda zomlomo wesibeleko
• ICryotherapy
• Inkqubo ye-Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP)
• Ukupheliswa kweLaser
• Ukudityaniswa kwemela ebandayo
• Ugqirha lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Biopsy yento
• Uhlobo lweHysterectomy
• Inkqubo yeTrachelectomy
• Ingqumbo yePelvic
• Unyango ngemitha yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Unyango lwe-Chemotherapy kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Amayeza omhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Ukugcina ukuzala kwabasetyhini abanomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Thetha nogqirha wakho

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luyaphumelela ukuba ufunyaniswe kumanqanaba okuqala. Amaxabiso okusinda aphezulu kakhulu.

Iipap smears zikhokelele ekufumaneni okwandayo kunye nonyango lotshintsho lweselfowni engaphambuki. Oku kunciphise imeko yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwilizwe laseNtshona.

Uhlobo lonyango olusetyenziselwa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuchongwa. Umhlaza oqhubela phambili uhlala ufuna indibaniselwano yonyango. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya:

• utyando
• unyango lwemitha
• ichemotherapy
• amanye amayeza

Unyango lwezilonda zomlomo wesibeleko

Zininzi iindlela zokunyanga iiseli zangaphambi kwexesha zomlomo wakho wesibeleko:

ICryotherapy

I-Cryotherapy ibandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zomlomo wesibeleko ngokuqandisa. Inkqubo ithatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa kwaye yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-anesthesia yendawo.

Inkqubo ye-Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP)

I-LEEP isebenzisa umbane oqhutywa ngentambo yocingo ukususa izicwili zomlomo wesibeleko ezingaqhelekanga. Njenge-cryotherapy, i-LEEP ithatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa kwaye inokwenziwa kwi-ofisi kagqirha wakho nge-anesthesia yendawo.

Ukupheliswa kweLaser

I-Lasers inokusetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinqabileyo. Unyango lweLaser lusebenzisa ubushushu ukutshabalalisa iiseli. Le nkqubo yenziwa esibhedlele, kwaye i-anesthesia yendawo okanye eqhelekileyo inokufuneka, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko.

Ukudityaniswa kwemela ebandayo

Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-scalpel ukususa izicubu zomlomo wesibeleko. Njenge-laser ablation, yenziwa kwisibhedlele, kwaye i-anesthesia ngokubanzi inokufuneka.

Ugqirha lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Utyando lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lujolise ekususeni zonke izicwili zomhlaza ezibonakalayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-lymph node ezikufuphi okanye ezinye izicwili ziyasuswa, apho umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka kumlomo wesibeleko.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ngokusekwe kwizinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza wakho, nokuba ufuna ukuba nabantwana, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Biopsy yento

Ngethuba le-cone biopsy, icandelo elimile okweqanda lomlomo wesibeleko liyasuswa. Ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuqunjelwa kwekoni okanye ukunxibelelana komlomo wesibeleko. Ingasetyenziselwa ukususa iiseli ezinomhlaza okanye ezinomhlaza.

Ubume bekhowuni ye-biopsy bonyusa inani lezihlunu ezisuswe ngaphezulu. Izicubu ezincinci zisuswa ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Iicone biopsies zinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• ukusika i-loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP)
• uqhaqho lwe-laser
• ukubanda kwemela ebandayo

Emva kokuvavanywa kwekona, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zithunyelwa kwingcali ukuze zihlalutye. Inkqubo inokuba zombini inkqubo yokuqonda isifo kunye nonyango. Xa ungekho umhlaza emaphethelweni ecandelo elenziwe ngecone elikhutshiweyo, unyango olungaphezulu alunakufuneka.

Uhlobo lweHysterectomy

I-Hysterectomy kukususwa kotyando lwesibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko. Uwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuphindeka xa kuthelekiswa notyando lwasekhaya.Nangona kunjalo, umfazi akakwazi ukuba nabantwana emva kwesibeleko.

Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokwenza i-hysterectomy:

• I-hysterectomy esiswini isusa isibeleko ngokusebenzisa isisu esiswini.
• I-vagst hysterectomy isusa isibeleko kwilungu lobufazi.
• I-laparoscopic hysterectomy isebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokususa isibeleko ngokusebenzisa iziqwengana ezincinci kwisisu okanye kwilungu lobufazi.
• Utyando lweerobhothi lusebenzisa ingalo yerobhothi ekhokelwa ngugqirha ukususa isibeleko ngokusebenzisa iziqwenga ezincinci esiswini.

Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka i-hysterectomy. Ibanzi ngakumbi kune-hysterectomy esemgangathweni. Isusa indawo ephezulu yelungu lobufazi. Isusa nezinye izicwili ezikufutshane nesibeleko, ezinje ngee-fallopian tubes kunye nama-ovari.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-lymph node ze-pelvic ziyasuswa nazo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pelvic lymph node dissection.

Inkqubo yeTrachelectomy

Olu tyando yenye indlela yokwenza isibeleko. Umlomo wesibeleko kunye nenxalenye ephezulu yelungu lobufazi iyasuswa. Isibeleko kunye namaqanda kushiyeke endaweni. Umngxunya owenziweyo usetyenziselwa ukudibanisa isibeleko kwilungu lobufazi.

I-trachelectomies ivumela abasetyhini ukuba bagcine amandla okuba nabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhulelwa emva kwetrachelectomy kudweliswa njengomngcipheko omkhulu, njengoko kukho inqanaba elonyukayo lokukhulelwa kwesisu.

Ingqumbo yePelvic

Olu tyando lusetyenziswa kuphela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile. Ihlala igcinelwe iimeko ezingaphezulu. Uxinzelelo lususa:

• isibeleko
• iindawo nkovu zangasese
• isinyi
• ubufazi
• ingcambu
• Inxalenye yekholoni

Unyango ngemitha yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Imitha isebenzisa imitha enamandla amakhulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango lwemitha lwesiqhelo lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuhambisa umqadi wangaphandle ojolise kwindawo enomhlaza.

Imitha inokuhanjiswa ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezinemitha ye-radio kufakwa kwisibeleko okanye kwilungu lobufazi. Ishiywe endaweni ixesha elimiselweyo ngaphambi kokuba isuswe. Ixesha elishiyiweyo lixhomekeke kwidosi yemitha.

Imitha inokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibalulekileyo. Uninzi lwezi luyaphela xa unyango lugqityiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa ubufazi kunye nomonakalo kwii-ovari kunokuhlala ngokusisigxina.

Unyango lwe-Chemotherapy kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Iziyobisi zinokuqhutywa ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa amaqhuqhuva. Zingasetyenziselwa emva koko ukulahla iiseli ezinomhlaza ezisele zincinci.

Kwezinye iimeko, i-chemotherapy idibene ne-radiation inikezelwa njengonyango olukhethiweyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-chemoradiation efanayo.

I-Chemotherapy inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko osasazekileyo ukusuka kumlomo wesibeleko ukuya kwamanye amalungu kunye nezicubu. Ngamanye amaxesha, indibaniselwano yamachiza ekhemotherapy ayanikezelwa. Amachiza e-Chemotherapy anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibalulekileyo, kodwa ezi zihlala zihamba lakuba lugqityiwe unyango.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, amayeza e-chemotherapy aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko aquka:

• topotecan (IHycamtin)
• I-cisplatin (iPlatinol)
• paclitaxel (iTeksi)
• gemcitabine (iGemzar)
• icarboplatin (iParaplatin)

Amayeza omhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Ukongeza kumachiza e-chemotherapy, amanye amayeza ayafumaneka ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. La machiza awela phantsi kweentlobo ezimbini zonyango: unyango olujolisiweyo kunye ne-immunotherapy.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luyakwazi ukuchonga kunye nokuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Rhoqo, amayeza onyango ekujolise kuwo zizinto ezenziwa elebhu.

I-Bevacizumab (Avastin, Mvasi) yintsholongwane eyamkelwe yi-FDA ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Isebenza ngokungenelela kwimithambo yegazi enceda iiseli ezinomhlaza ukuba zikhule. I-Bevacizumab isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ophindaphindiweyo okanye we-metastatic.

Iziyobisi ze-Immunotherapy zisebenzisa amajoni akho omzimba ukunceda ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-immunotherapy lubizwa ngokuba yi-immune checkpoint inhibitor. La machiza ancamathele kwiproteni ethile kwiiseli zomhlaza, avumela iiseli zomzimba ukuba zizifumane kwaye zibabulale.

I-Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) sisithinteli somzimba sokujonga amajoni omzimba esivunyiweyo yi-FDA ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Isetyenziswa xa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uqhubeka ukuqhubekeka nokuba kungexesha okanye emva kokunyanga ngamayeza.

Ukugcina ukuzala kwabasetyhini abanomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Unyango oluninzi lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lunokwenza kube nzima okanye kungenzeki ukuba owasetyhini akhulelwe emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Abaphandi bahlakulela iindlela ezintsha zabasetyhini abaye bafumana unyango lomhlaza wesibeleko ukugcina ukuzala kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo.

Ii-Oocyte zisemngciphekweni wokonakala kunyango lwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy. Nangona kunjalo, banokuvunwa kunye nokubandiswa ngaphambi konyango. Oku kuvumela owasetyhini ukuba akhulelwe emva konyango esebenzisa amaqanda akhe.

In vitro fertilization ikwanokhetho. Amaqanda amabhinqa ayavunwa kwaye afakwe kwisidoda ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale kwaye emva koko imibungu inokumiswa ngumkhenkce kwaye isetyenziselwe ukukhulelwa emva kokuba unyango luphelile.

Olunye ukhetho olusafundwayo yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi. Kule ndlela, izicubu ze-ovari zifakwe emzimbeni. Iyaqhubeka ukuvelisa iihormoni kwindawo entsha, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, abasetyhini bayaqhubeka nokukhipha.

Ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Into yokuqala kukufumana umhlaza rhoqo womlomo wesibeleko. Uvavanyo lunokubona utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko (Pap smear) okanye lubhaqe intsholongwane ye-HPV, umngcipheko obalulekileyo kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Umsebenzi we-US Preventive Services Task Force usandula ukukhupha entsha malunga nokuba kufuneka bavavanywe kangaphi abantu besetyhini kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ixesha kunye nohlobo lokujonga okucetyiswayo kuxhomekeke kubudala bakho:

Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21: Ukuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko akukhuthazwa.

Phakathi kweminyaka engama-21 no-29 ubudala: Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngePap smear kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu.

Phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 no-65 ubudala: Zintathu iindlela onokukhetha kuzo umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngaphakathi kweli banga. Ziquka:

• IPap smear qho emva kweminyaka emithathu
• umngcipheko ophezulu wokuvavanywa kwe-HPV (hrHPV) rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu
• zozibini iiPap smear kunye ne-hrHPV kuvavanyo rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65: Ukuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko akukhuthazwa ukuba nje ufumene ukuhlolwa okwaneleyo kwangaphambili.

Iyeza lokugonya liyafumaneka ukuthintela usulelo kwiindidi ze-HPV ezinokubangela umhlaza. Okwangoku, yeyamakhwenkwe namantombazana aneminyaka eli-11 neli-12 ubudala.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwacetyiswa ukuba amadoda aneminyaka engama-21 kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-45 abangakayifumani. Ukuba ukule minyaka yobudala kwaye ungathanda ukugonywa, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho.

Kukho iinguqu ezimbalwa zendlela yokuphila onokuyenza ukunceda ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya kunokunciphisa umngcipheko. Ukuba ngoku uyatshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nenkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya ukukunceda uyeke.

Thetha nogqirha wakho

Imbonakalo yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ixhomekeke kwinqanaba ngexesha lokuchongwa. Amanqanaba okusinda eminyaka emihlanu yomhlaza ovavanywe kwangoko ahle kakhulu.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, iipesenti ezingama-92 zabasetyhini abanomdlavuza wendawo bahlala iminyaka emihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, xa umhlaza usasazekile kwizicubu ezikufuphi, iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda yehla yaya kwiipesenti ezingama-56. Ukuba ithe yasasazeka kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu zomzimba, iyehla iye kwiipesenti ezili-17.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nesicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena. Ukhetho lwakho lonyango luya kuxhomekeka:

• inqanaba lomhlaza wakho
• imbali yakho yonyango
• ukuba ufuna ukukhulelwa emva konyango