Isibindi

Umxholo

• Ikhula njani i-cirrhosis
• Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi
• Ichongwa njani i-cirrhosis
• Iingxaki ezivela kwisibindi
• Unyango lwe-cirrhosis
• Ukuthintela ukuqina kwesibindi

Ushwankathelo

I-Cirrhosis sisibetho esiqatha sesibindi kunye nokusebenza okungalunganga kwesibindi okubonwe kwinqanaba lesiphelo sesifo esinganyangekiyo sesibindi. Isikrelemnqa sisoloko sibangelwa kukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwiityhefu ezinje ngotywala okanye izifo zentsholongwane. Isibindi sikwicala elingasekunene lesisu phantsi kweembambo. Inemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuvelisa i-bile, enceda umzimba wakho ukuba uthathe amanqatha okutya, icholesterol, kunye neevithamini A, D, E, kunye noK
• ukugcina iswekile kunye neevithamini ukuze zisetyenziswe ngumzimba kamva
• ukucoca igazi ngokususa ityhefu enje ngotywala kunye neebhaktheriya kwinkqubo yakho
• ukudala iiproteni zokuvala igazi

NgokweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo (i-NIH), i-cirrhosis yeyona nto ibangela ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yesifo e-United States. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ichaphazele amadoda kunabafazi.

Ikhula njani i-cirrhosis

Isibindi lilungu elomeleleyo kwaye ngesiqhelo liyakwazi ukuvuselela iiseli ezonakalisiweyo. I-Cirrhosis ikhula xa izinto ezonakalisa isibindi (ezinje ngotywala kunye nosulelo olungapheliyo lwentsholongwane) zikhona ixesha elide. Xa oku kusenzeka, isibindi siyonzakala kwaye siba namabala. Isibindi esinamanxeba asikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye ekugqibeleni oku kungakhokelela kwisifo sokuqina kwesibindi.

I-Cirrhosis ibangela ukuba isibindi sinciphise kwaye siqine. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima kwigazi elinezityebi ezinesondlo ukuba lingene esibindini lisuka kwi-portal vein. I-portal vein ithwala igazi lisuka kwizitho zokugaya ziye esibindini. Uxinzelelo kwi-portal vein luyenyuka xa igazi lingenakudlula esibindini. Isiphumo sokugqibela yimeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi-portal hypertension, apho umthambo ukhula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Iziphumo ezingathandekiyo zoxinzelelo lwe-portal kukuba le nkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ibangela i-backup, ekhokelela kwi-esophageal varices (njengemithambo ye-varicose), enokuthi emva koko iqhume kwaye yophe.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo be-cirrhosis e-United States kukosuleleka sisifo se-hepatitis C sexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala gwenxa. Ukutyeba kakhulu ikwangunobangela wesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, nangona kungenjalo njengokuxhaphaka kotywala okanye ihepatitis C. Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokuba ngumngcipheko ngokwakho, okanye ngokudibanisa notywala kunye nehepatitis C.

Ngokwe-NIH, i-cirrhosis inokukhula kubafazi abasela ngaphezulu kwezimbini iziselo ezinxilisayo ngosuku (kubandakanya ibhiya newayini) iminyaka emininzi. Kumadoda, ukusela ngaphezu kwesithathu iziselo ngosuku ngeminyaka kunokubabeka emngciphekweni wokuqina kwesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, inani lahlukile kuye wonke umntu, kwaye oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu okhe wasela ngaphezulu kweziselo ezimbalwa uya kuba nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi. I-Cirrhosis ebangelwa butywala ihlala isisiphumo sokusela rhoqo ngaphezulu kwezi mali ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 okanye eli-12.

IHepatitis C inokuthi ifumaneke ngokulalana okanye ngokuchasene negazi okanye iimveliso zegazi. Kuyenzeka ukuba uvezwe kwigazi elosulelekileyo ngokusebenzisa iinaliti ezingcolileyo zawo nawuphina umthombo, kubandakanya ukwenza umvambo, ukugqobhoza, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nokwabelana ngenaliti. I-Hepatitis C ayifane idluliselwe ngokutofelwa igazi e-United States ngenxa yemigangatho engqongqo yovavanyo lwebhanki yegazi.

Ezinye izinto ezibangela i-cirrhosis zibandakanya:

• I-Hepatitis B: I-Hepatitis B inokubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kunye nomonakalo onokubangela isifo se-cirrhosis.
• I-Hepatitis D: Olu hlobo lwe-hepatitis lunokubangela i-cirrhosis. Ihlala ibonakala kubantu esele benesifo sokudumba kwesibindi.
• Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa sisifo sokuzimela: Ukuzibulala kwe-hepatitis ngokuzenzekelayo kunokubangelwa yimfuza. Ngokwe-American Liver Foundation, malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zabantu abane-hepatitis yokuzimela komzimba ngabafazi.
• Umonakalo kwimibhobho ye-bile, esebenza ukukhupha i-bile: Umzekelo omnye wale meko sisifo sokuqala se-biliary cirrhosis.
• Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela ukukwazi komzimba ukuphatha isinyithi kunye nobhedu: Imizekelo emibini yi-hemochromatosis kunye nesifo sikaWilson.
• Amayeza: Amayeza afaka ukubhalwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza njenge-acetaminophen, ezinye i-antibiotics, kunye nezinye izidambisi-zifo, zinokukhokelela kwisifo sokuqina kwesibindi.

Iimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi

Iimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi zivela ngenxa yokuba isibindi asikwazi ukulicoca igazi, sophula iityhefu, sivelise iiproteni ezijiyisayo, kwaye sincede ekufunxeni amafutha kunye neevithamini ezinyibilika ngamanqatha. Rhoqo akukho zimpawu de ukuphazamiseka kuqhubeke. Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya:

• ukunciphisa ukutya
• ukuphuma kwempumlo
• i-jaundice (umbala omthubi)
• imithambo emincinci emile njengesigcawu phantsi kolusu
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ianorexia
• ukurhawuzelela ulusu
• ubuthathaka

Iimpawu ezinzulu zibandakanya:

• ukudideka kunye nobunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo
• ukudumba kwesisu (ascites)
• ukudumba kwemilenze (i-edema)
• ukungabi namandla
• gynecomastia (xa amadoda eqala ukuphuhlisa izicubu zamabele)

Ichongwa njani i-cirrhosis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cirrhosis kuqala ngembali eneenkcukacha kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha imbali epheleleyo yonyango. Imbali ingabonisa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala ixesha elide, ukubhencwa kwi-hepatitis C, imbali yosapho yezifo ezizimele, okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokubonisa iimpawu ezinje:

• ulusu oluthuthu
• Amehlo atyheli (jaundice)
• iintende ezibomvu
• ukungcangcazela kwezandla
• isibindi esandisiweyo okanye udakada
• amasende amancinci
• izicubu zesifuba ezingaphezulu (emadodeni)
• ukunciphisa ukuqaphela

Uvavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba isibindi sonakaliswe kangakanani. Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-cirrhosis zezi:

• ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (ukuveza ianemia)
• Ukuvavanywa kwegazi lokujonga igazi (ukubona ukuba igazi likhawuleze kangakanani)
• i-albin (ukuvavanya iprotheni eveliswe esibindini)
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• i-alpha fetoprotein (ukuhlolwa komhlaza wesibindi)

Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo olunokuvavanya isibindi lubandakanya:

• i-endoscopy ephezulu (ukubona ukuba ii-varic esophageal varices zikhona)
• Ukuvavanywa kwesibindi kwesibindi
• I-MRI yesisu
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT kwesisu
• i-biopsy yesibindi (uvavanyo olucacileyo lwe-cirrhosis)

Iingxaki ezivela kwisibindi

Ukuba igazi lakho alikwazi ukudlula esibindini, kudala ukhuphelo lwakwezinye iimvini ezinjengezo zomqala. Olu khuphelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-esophageal varices. Le mithambo ayakhelwanga ukuphatha uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye iqala ukukhupha ukuphuma kwegazi elongezelelekileyo.

Ezinye iingxaki ezivela kwi-cirrhosis zibandakanya:

• ukugruzuka (ngenxa yokubala okuphantsi kweplatelet kunye / okanye ukucola okungalunganga)
• ukopha (ngenxa yokunciphisa iiproteyini zokuvala)
• ubuntununtunu kumayeza (iinkqubo zesibindi kumayeza)
• ukusilela kwezintso
• umhlaza wesibindi
• Ukunganyangeki kwi-insulin kunye nohlobo lwe-2 lweswekile
• i-hepatic encephalopathy (ukudideka ngenxa yeempembelelo zeetyhefu zegazi kwingqondo)
• iinyongo (ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwe-bile kunokubangela ukuba i-bile iqine kwaye yenze amatye)
• ii-varices zokuqhafaza
• ipeni eyandisiweyo (splenomegaly)
• edema kunye ascites

Unyango lwe-cirrhosis

Unyango lwe-cirrhosis luyahluka ngokubhekisele kwinto ebangele oko kunye nokuba isifo sele siqhubekile kangakanani. Olunye unyango ugqirha anokuluyalela lubandakanya:

• iibhloko ze-beta okanye ii-nitrate (zoxinzelelo lwegazi)
• ukuyeka ukusela (ukuba i-cirrhosis ibangelwa butywala)
• iinkqubo zokubopha (zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukopha kwii-varices esophageal varices)
• ii-antibiotics ezingenayo (ukunyanga i-peritonitis enokuthi yenzeke nge-ascites)
• hemodialysis (ukucoca igazi labo ukusilela kwezintso)
• I-lactulose kunye ne-protein ephantsi yokutya (ukunyanga isifo se-encephalopathy)

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kukukhetha kokugqibela, xa olunye unyango lusilela.

Zonke izigulana kufuneka ziyeke ukusela utywala. Amayeza, nkqu nee-counter-counter, akufanele athathwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.

Ukuthintela ukuqina kwesibindi

Ukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo okukhuselekileyo kunye neekhondom kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-hepatitis B okanye i-C. I-U.S. Yacebisa ukuba zonke iintsana nabantu abadala abasemngciphekweni (njengababoneleli ngezempilo kunye nabasebenzi bokuhlangula) bagonywe isifo se-hepatitis B.

Ukuba sisiselo esinxilisayo, ukutya ukutya okunezondlo kunye nokwenza umthambo ngokwaneleyo kunokuthintela okanye kucothise i-cirrhosis. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uxela ukuba ngama-20 ukuya kuma-30 eepesenti kuphela abantu abosuleleke yi-hepatitis B abaya kuba nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi okanye somhlaza wesibindi. IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo linika ingxelo yokuba ama-5 ukuya kuma-20 eepesenti abantu abosuleleke yi-hepatitis C baya kuba nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi kwisithuba seminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30.

Funda eli nqaku ngeSpanish.