Umnikelo womzimba: kwenziwa njani kwaye ngubani onokunikela

Umxholo

• Ngubani onokunikela ngamalungu
• Ngubani ongakwaziyo ukunikela
• Ukufakelwa kwakhona kwenziwa njani
• Yintoni enokunikelwa ngayo ebomini
• Isibindi
• Izintso
• Ummongo wethambo
• Igazi

Umrhumo womzimba wenziwa ngokususwa kwelungu okanye isicwili kumnikeli ngokuzithandela okanye emntwini oswelekileyo nogunyazisileyo ukususwa kunye nokunikezelwa kwamalungu abo kunye nokufakelwa komzimba kulowo ufuna eli lungu ukuze baqhubeke nobomi bakho.

Ukuze ube ngumnikeli welungu eBrazil, kubalulekile ukwazisa usapho ngalo mnqweno, kuba akukho mfuneko yokuwugcina ubhalisiwe kulo naluphi na uxwebhu. Okwangoku kunokwenzeka ukuba unikele ngezintso, isibindi, intliziyo, injeke kunye nemiphunga, kunye nezicubu ezinje nge-cornea, ulusu, amathambo, intlala, igazi, iivevhe zentliziyo kunye nomongo wethambo.

Amanye amalungu, njengezintso okanye isiqwenga sesibindi, umzekelo, anokunikelwa ebomini, nangona kunjalo uninzi lwezitho ezinokufakwa kwenye indawo zingathathwa kuphela kubantu abakuqinisekisileyo ukufa kwengqondo.

Ngubani onokunikela ngamalungu

Phantse bonke abantu abasempilweni banokunikela ngamalungu kunye nezicubu, nokuba bayaphila, kuba amalungu athile anokwabelwana ngawo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweminikelo lwenzeka kwiimeko ze:

• Ukufa kwengqondo, kulapho ubuchopho buyeke khona ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, umntu akanakuze achache. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ngenxa yeengozi, ukuwa okanye emva kokubetha. Kule meko, phantse onke amalungu aphilileyo kunye nezicubu zinokunikelwa;
• Emva kokubanjwa kwentliziyo, njengakwi-infarction okanye i-arrhythmias: kule meko, banokunikela kuphela ngezicubu, ezinjenge-cornea, iinqanawa, ulusu, amathambo kunye neethenda, kuba ukusasazwa kokumiswa okwethutyana, oku kungonakalisa ukusebenza kwamalungu, anje njengentliziyo nezintso, umzekelo;
• Abantu ababhubhele ekhaya, banokunikela ngee-corneas kuphela, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-6 emva kokufa, kuba ukuyeka kwegazi kuyekisiwe kunokonakalisa amanye amalungu, kubeke emngciphekweni ubomi bomntu oza kuwufumana;
• Kwimeko ye-anencephaly, apho umntwana enesiphene kwaye engenangqondo: kule meko, kukho ixesha elifutshane lokuphila kwaye, emva kokuqinisekiswa kokufa, onke amalungu kunye namalaphu anokunikezelwa kwezinye iintsana ezisweleyo.

Akukho mda wobudala ekunikezelweni kwamalungu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba asebenze ngokugqibeleleyo, njengoko imeko yezempilo yomnikeli iya kugqiba ukuba amalungu kunye nezicubu zinokukhutshelwa okanye hayi.

Ngubani ongakwaziyo ukunikela

Ukunikezelwa kwamalungu kunye nezicubu akuvumelekanga kubantu ababhubhe ngenxa yezifo ezosulelayo okanye bonakalise kakubi umzimba, njengoko umsebenzi welungu unokuba sengozini okanye usulelo lunokudluliselwa kumntu oya kufumana ilungu.

Ke, umnikelo awuboniswanga kubantu abaye basilela kakhulu kwizintso okanye isibindi, ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye kwemiphunga, njengoko kwezi meko kukho ukungahambi kakuhle kokuhamba nokusebenza kwala malungu, ukongeza kumhlaza onemetastasis kunye nosulelo nosulelayo. izifo, ezinjenge-HIV., hepatitis B, C okanye isifo seChagas, umzekelo. Ukongeza, ukunikelwa kwamalungu kuyaphikiswa kwiimeko zosulelo olunzulu ziibhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane efikelele kwigazi.

Umrhumo womzimba uyaphikiswa ukuba umntu oza kuba ngumnikeli ekwikhoma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukufa kwengqondo kuqinisekisiwe emva kovavanyo oluthile, umnikelo unokwenziwa.

Ukufakelwa kwakhona kwenziwa njani

Emva kwesigunyaziso esivela kumnikeli okanye kusapho, uya kuvavanywa okuvavanya imeko yakhe yempilo kunye nokuhambelana nomntu oza kuyifumana. Ukususwa kwelungu kwenziwa kwigumbi lokusebenza, njengakwezinye iindlela zotyando, emva koko umzimba womnikeli uya kuvalwa ngocoselelo ngugqirha wotyando.

Ukubuyiselwa komntu ofumene ilungu okanye ukufakelwa izicwili kuyafana nakoluphi na utyando, ngokuphumla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza eentlungu, ezinje ngeIbuprofen okanye iDipyrone, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza koku, umntu kuyakufuneka athathe amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-immunosuppressants, ebomini bakhe bonke, ukunqanda ukwaliwa kwelungu elitsha ngumzimba.

Unokukhetha kuphela ukuba ngubani oza kufumana amalungu kunye nezicubu xa umnikelo wenziwe ebomini. Ngaphandle koko, uya kufumana ngubani okuluhlu lokulinda kulayini wokufakelwa, ukwenzela ixesha lokulinda kunye nesidingo.

Yintoni enokunikelwa ngayo ebomini

Amalungu kunye nezicubu ezinokunikelwa ngelixa usaphila zizintso, inxalenye yesibindi, umongo wethambo kunye negazi. Oku kunokwenzeka kuba umnikeli uya kuba nakho ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nasemva kwale minikelo.

Isibindi

Inxalenye kuphela yesibindi, emalunga ne-4 cm, enokunikelwa ngolu tyando, kwaye ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuyafana nokuhlinzwa kancinci esiswini, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yomthamo wokuphinda uzalwe, eli lungu lifikelela kubungakanani obufanelekileyo malunga neentsuku ezingama-30, kwaye umntu onikelayo angaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokonakalisa impilo yakhe.

Izintso

Umnikelo wezintso awubenzakalisi ubomi bomntu onikelayo, kwaye yenzeka ngenkqubo yeeyure ezimbalwa. Ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuyakhawuleza kwaye, ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki e-1 okanye ezi-2, uya kuba nakho ukuba sekhaya kwaye ukubuyela kuqesho lwezonyango kwenzelwa ukulandelwa.

Ukongeza, umnikelo wenxalenye yesibindi kunye nezintso, umntu kuyakufuneka agunyaze lo mnikelo, onokwenziwa kuphela kwisihlobo esifikelela kwinqanaba lesine okanye, ukuba ayizizo izihlobo, kuphela ngemvume iinkundla. Umnikelo wala malungu wenziwa emva kovavanyo olupheleleyo lwegqirha ngokubanzi, ngokwenza iimviwo zomzimba, igazi kunye nemifanekiso, enje ngecomputer tomography, eya kuthi ijonge ukuba kukho ukuhambelana kwemfuza negazi, kwaye ukuba umnikeli usempilweni, ukunciphisa amathuba okonzakalisa umzimba wakho kwaye ngubani oza kufumana utyando.

Ummongo wethambo

Ukuze unikele ngomongo wethambo, kufuneka ubhalise kwindawo yogcino lwazwelonke lwabanikeli bemongo wethambo, le-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezempilo, eliya kuthi linxibelelane nomnikeli ukuba umntu othile osweleyo uyahambelana. Inkqubo ilula kakhulu, ine-anesthesia, kwaye ihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-90, kwaye ukukhutshwa kunokubakho kusuku olulandelayo. Funda ngakumbi ngamanyathelo enkxaso yomongo wethambo.

Igazi

Kulo mnikelo kuqokelelwa malunga ne-450 ml yegazi, enokwenziwa kuphela ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-50 kg, kwaye umntu anganikela ngegazi rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3, kumadoda, nakwiinyanga ezi-4, kubafazi. Ukunikela ngegazi, kuya kufuneka ujonge indawo yegazi esixekweni nangaliphi na ixesha, kuba le minikelo ihlala ifuneka kunyango lwabantu abaninzi, kuqhaqho okanye kwimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi izifo ezithintela ukunikelwa kwegazi.

Umnikelo wegazi kunye nomongo wethambo unokwenziwa amatyeli aliqela nakubantu abahlukeneyo, kungabikho mida ngokude umntu afune kwaye usempilweni koku.