Uvavanyo lweCombombs

Umxholo

• Kutheni kwenziwa uvavanyo lweCombombs?
• Uvavanyo lweCoombs lwenziwa njani?
• Silungiselela njani uvavanyo lweCombombs?
• Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lweCombombs?
• Zithini iziphumo zovavanyo lweCombombs?
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo
• Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lweCombomb ngqo
• Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lweeCombs ezingangqalanga

Yintoni uvavanyo lweCombombs?

Ukuba uziva udiniwe, uphefumla kancinci, izandla kunye neenyawo ezibandayo, kunye nolusu olumhlophe kakhulu, unganemali engonelanga iiseli ezibomvu. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-anemia, kwaye inezizathu ezininzi.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho uqinisekisa ukuba unobalo lweeseli ezibomvu ezisezantsi, uvavanyo lweCoombs lolunye lovavanyo lwegazi ugqirha anokuyalela ukuba akuncede ufumane ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweanemia onayo.

Kutheni kwenziwa uvavanyo lweCombombs?

Uvavanyo lweCoombs lujonga igazi ukuze lubone ukuba ngaba linee-antibodies ezithile. Amachiza omzimba ziiproteni ezenziwa ngamajoni akho omzimba xa efumanisa ukuba kukho into enokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho.

Ezi ntsholongwane ziya kutshabalalisa umhlaseli oyingozi. Ukuba ukufunyanwa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela akulunganga, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenza ii-antibodies kwiiseli zakho. Oku kunokubangela iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki zempilo.

Uvavanyo lweCombombs luya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba ngaba une-antibody kwigazi lakho ebangela ukuba amajoni akho omzimba ahlasele kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu ziyatshatyalaliswa, oku kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemolytic anemia.

Zimbini iintlobo zovavanyo lweCombombs: uvavanyo ngqo lweeCombs kunye novavanyo olungangqalanga lweCombombs. Uvavanyo oluthe ngqo luqhelekile kwaye lujonga ii-antibodies eziqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Uvavanyo olungqalileyo lujonga ii-antibodies ezingafakwanga ezidadayo kwigazi. Ikwalawulwa ukumisela ukuba ngaba kukho impendulo embi enokubakho kutofelo-gazi.

Uvavanyo lweCoombs lwenziwa njani?

Kuya kufuneka isampuli yegazi lakho ukwenza uvavanyo. Igazi livavanywa ngemixube eya kuthi isabele kwii-antibodies ezisegazini lakho.

Isampulu yegazi ifunyanwa nge-venipuncture, apho inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni engalweni okanye esandleni sakho. Inaliti itsala intwana yegazi ekufakweni. Isampulu igcinwe kwityhubhu yovavanyo.

Olu vavanyo luhlala lusenziwa kwiintsana ezinokuba nee-antibodies egazini lazo kuba umama wazo unegazi. Ukwenza olu vavanyo kusana, ulusu luhlatywa ngenaliti encinci ebukhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-lancet, ihlala isithende sonyawo. Igazi liqokelelwa kwityhubhu yeglasi encinci, kwisilayidi seglasi, okanye kumtya wovavanyo.

Silungiselela njani uvavanyo lweCombombs?

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo luyimfuneko. Ugqirha wakho uya kusela isixa samanzi esiqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uye kwilabhoratri okanye kwindawo yokuqokelela.

Kuya kufuneka uyeke ukuthatha amayeza athile ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo, kodwa kuphela ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba wenze njalo.

Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lweCombombs?

Xa igazi liqokelelwa, unokuziva uqaqanjelwa ziintlungu okanye uphazamise kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuhlala ixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwaye kuncinci kakhulu. Emva kokuba inaliti isusiwe, unokuziva unethambo lokuqaqamba. Uya kuyalelwa ukuba ufake uxinzelelo kwindawo apho inaliti yangena kulusu lwakho.

Kuya kusetyenziswa ibhandeji. Kuya kufuneka ihlale endaweni yesiqhelo imizuzu eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Kuya kufuneka uphephe ukusebenzisa ingalo ukuphakamisa okunzima kulo lonke usuku.

Ingozi ezinqabileyo kakhulu zibandakanya:

• intloko elula okanye etyhafayo
• hematoma, ingxowa yegazi phantsi kolusu efana nokutyumka
• usulelo, luhlala luthintelwa xa ulusu lucocwa ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe inaliti
• ukopha kakhulu (ukopha ixesha elide emva kovavanyo kunokubonisa imeko yokopha kakhulu kwaye kufuneka uxelwe kugqirha wakho)

Zithini iziphumo zovavanyo lweCombombs?

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo

Iziphumo zithathwa njengesiqhelo ukuba akukho kungqubana kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lweCombomb ngqo

Ukuqunjelwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngexesha lovavanyo kubonisa isiphumo esingaqhelekanga. Ukuqhekeka (ukuqunjelwa) kweeseli zakho zegazi ngexesha lovavanyo olungqalileyo lweCombomb kuthetha ukuba unezilwa ntsholongwane kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye unokuba kwimeko enokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngamajoni akho omzimba, abizwa ngokuba yihemolysis.

Iimeko ezinokubangela ukuba ube ne-antibodies kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi zezi:

• autoimmune hemolytic anemia, xa amajoni akho omzimba asabela kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi
• ukusabela kotofelo, xa amajoni akho omzimba ehlasela igazi elinikelweyo
• i-erythroblastosis fetalis, okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi phakathi kukamama nosana
• i-leukemia engapheliyo kunye nezinye i-leukemias
• inkqubo lupus erythematosus, isifo sokuzimela kunye nohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe lupus
• mononucleosis
• usulelo nge-mycoplasma, uhlobo lweebhaktheriya ezingenakubulawa zintsholongwane ezininzi
• igcushuwa

Ityhefu yeziyobisi yenye yemeko enokubangela ukuba ube ne-antibodies kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iziyobisi ezinokukhokelela koku kubandakanya:

• cephalosporins, isibulala-zintsholongwane
• i-levodopa, yesifo sika-Parkinson
• dapsone, isibulala-zintsholongwane
• nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin), iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane
• ii-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (ii-NSAID) ezinje nge-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB)
• quinidine, iyeza lentliziyo

Ngamanye amaxesha, ngakumbi kubantu abadala, kuvavanyo lweCoombs luya kuba neziphumo ezingaqhelekanga nangaphandle kwesinye isifo okanye izinto ezinobungozi.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lweeCombs ezingangqalanga

Isiphumo esingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lweeCombs ezingangqalanga luthetha ukuba unezikhuseli emzimbeni ezijikeleza igazi lakho ezinokubangela amajoni akho omzimba ukuba asabele nakwezinye iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithathwa njengezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni - ngakumbi ezo zinokubakho ngexesha lotofelo-gazi.

Kuxhomekeka kubudala kunye neemeko, oku kunokuthetha i-erythroblastosis fetalis, umdlalo ongahambelaniyo wegazi lotofelo-gazi, okanye i-hemolytic anemia ngenxa yokusabela okuzenzekelayo okanye ityhefu yeziyobisi.

Iintsana ezine-erythroblastosis fetalis zinokuba namanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin egazini, ekhokelela kwi-jaundice. Oku kusabela kwenzeka xa usana kunye nomama baneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi, ezinje ngeRh efanelekileyo okanye engalunganga okanye umahluko wohlobo lweABO. Amajoni omama ahlasela igazi losana ngexesha lokubeleka.

Le meko kufuneka ijongwe ngononophelo. Inokubangela ukusweleka kukamama nomntwana. Umfazi okhulelweyo uhlala enikwa uvavanyo lweeCombs ngokungangqalanga ukukhangela izilwa-buhlungu ngaphambi kokubeleka ngexesha lokhathalelo lokubeleka.