Yonke into kufuneka uyazi malunga ne-2019 yeCoronavirus kunye neCOVID-19

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-coronavirus ka-2019?
• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• I-COVID-19 xa ithelekiswa nomkhuhlane
• Yintoni ebangela ii-coronaviruses?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni owandayo?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-coronaviruses?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ezivela kwi-COVID-19?
• Unokuthintela njani ii-coronaviruses?
• Iingcebiso zokuthintela
• Ngaba ufanele unxibe imaski?
• Zeziphi ezinye iintlobo zecoronaviruses?
• I-COVID-19 vs. SARS
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Yintoni i-coronavirus ka-2019?

Kwasekuqaleni konyaka we-2020, intsholongwane entsha yaqala ukuvelisa iindaba emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yesantya esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili.

Imvelaphi yayo ilandelwe kwintengiso yokutya eWuhan, China, ngoDisemba 2019. Ukusuka apho, ifikelele kumazwe akude njengeMelika kunye nePhilippines.

Le ntsholongwane (ebizwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba yi-SARS-CoV-2) inoxanduva lwezigidi zosulelo kwihlabathi liphela, ibangela ukufa kwamakhulu amawaka. I-United States lelona lizwe lichaphazeleke kakhulu.

Esi sifo sibangelwa kukosuleleka yi-SARS-CoV-2 ibizwa ngokuba yi-COVID-19, emele isifo se-coronavirus 2019.

Ngaphandle koloyiko lwehlabathi kwiindaba ezimalunga nale ntsholongwane, akunakulindeleka ukuba uthenge i-SARS-CoV-2 ngaphandle kokuba udibene nomntu one-SARS-CoV-2 usulelo.

Masikhuphe ezinye zeentsomi.

Funda ukuze ufunde:

• idluliselwa njani le coronavirus
• ifana njani kwaye yahlukile kwezinye i-coronaviruses
• indlela yokuthintela ukuyidlulisela kwabanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uyifumene le ntsholongwane

Hlala unolwazi ngohlaziyo lwethu ngoku malunga nokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 yangoku.

Ndwendwela indawo yethu yecoronavirus ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela yokulungiselela, iingcebiso kuthintelo nonyango, kunye neengcebiso ngeengcali.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Oogqirha bafunda izinto ezintsha malunga nale ntsholongwane yonke imihla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siyazi ukuba i-COVID-19 ayinokuqala ibangele naziphi na iimpawu kwabanye abantu.

Unokuyiphatha intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele iimpawu.

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulunyaniswe ngokukodwa kwi-COVID-19 zibandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukukhohlela okuba nzima kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha
• umkhuhlane ophantsi okonyukayo ngokuthe ngcembe kubushushu
• ukudinwa

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukugodola
• ukungcangcazela okuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokubanda
• umqala obuhkungu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukuphulukana nokungcamla
• ukulahleka kwevumba

Ezi mpawu zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kwabanye abantu. Tsalela iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathaleleyo unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• imilebe eblowu okanye ubuso
• intlungu eqhubekayo okanye uxinzelelo esifubeni
• ukudideka
• ukozela kakhulu

Usaphanda uluhlu olupheleleyo lweempawu.

I-COVID-19 xa ithelekiswa nomkhuhlane

Sisafunda malunga nokuba i-2019 coronavirus iyabulala ngakumbi okanye iphantsi kuneflu yonyaka.

Oku kunzima ukufumanisa kuba inani lamatyala ewonke, kubandakanya iimeko ezincinci kubantu abangafuni unyango okanye ukuvavanywa, alaziwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina bokuqala buchaza ukuba le coronavirus ibangela ukusweleka okungaphezulu komkhuhlane wexesha.

Uqikelelo lwabantu abaphuhlise umkhuhlane ngexesha lomkhuhlane we-2019-2020 e-United States babhubha ngo-Epreli 4, 2020.

Oku kuthelekiswa neipesenti ezi-6 zabo banetyala eliqinisekisiweyo le-COVID-19 e-United States, ngokwe-.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zomkhuhlane:

• ukukhohlela
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo
• Ukuthimla
• umqala obuhkungu
• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudinwa
• Ukugodola
• iintlungu zomzimba

Yintoni ebangela ii-coronaviruses?

IiCoronaviruses zezonotic. Oku kuthetha ukuba baqala ukukhula kwizilwanyana ngaphambi kokuba zidluliselwe ebantwini.

Ukuze intsholongwane idluliselwe kwizilwanyana iye ebantwini, umntu kufuneka asondele kufutshane nesilwanyana esithwele usulelo.

Nje ukuba intsholongwane ikhule ebantwini, ii-coronaviruses zinokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokusebenzisa amathontsi okuphefumla. Eli ligama lobuchwephesha lezinto ezimanzi ezihamba emoyeni xa ukhohlela, uthimla, okanye uthetha.

Izinto zentsholongwane zixhonyiwe kula mathontsi kwaye zinokuphefumlelwa kumatshini wokuphefumla (umbhobho wakho womoya nemiphunga), apho intsholongwane inokukhokelela kusulelo.

Kungenzeka ukuba ufumane i-SARS-CoV-2 ukuba uchukumisa umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo emva kokuchukumisa umphezulu okanye into enentsholongwane kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akucingelwa ukuba yeyona ndlela iphambili ekusasazeni intsholongwane

I-2019 coronavirus khange idityaniswe ngokuqinisekileyo kwisilwanyana esithile.

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba intsholongwane inokuthi idluliselwe ukusuka kumalulwane ukuya kwesinye isilwanyana - nokuba yinyoka okanye iipangolin - emva koko idluliselwe ebantwini.

Olu dluliselo kungenzeka lwenzeka kwimarike yokutya evulekileyo eWuhan, China.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni owandayo?

Usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokungena kwisibhambathiso se-SARS-CoV-2 ukuba uthe wadibana nomntu oyiphetheyo, ngakumbi ukuba ukhe wavezwa ngamathe akhe okanye wawukufuphi kubo xa bekhohlele, bathimla, okanye bethetha.

Ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo othintelo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba:

• hlala nomntu oye wafumana intsholongwane
• babonelela ngononophelo lwasekhaya kumntu osulele intsholongwane
• ube neqabane elisenyongweni elifumene le ntsholongwane

Ukuhlamba izandla kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana le kunye nezinye iintsholongwane.

Abantu abadala kunye nabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba neengxaki ezinzima ukuba bayayifumana intsholongwane. Ezi meko zempilo:

• iimeko zentliziyo ezimandundu, ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, okanye i-cardiomyopathies
• isifo sezintso
• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• ukutyeba kakhulu, okwenzeka kubantu abanesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) abangama-30 okanye ngaphezulu
• isifo serhengqa
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ukusuka kufakelo lwento eqinileyo
• uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki ezivela kwezinye izifo zentsholongwane, kodwa akukaziwa ukuba ngaba kunjalo nge-COVID-19.

Ithi abantu abakhulelweyo babonakala benomngcipheko ofanayo wokufumana intsholongwane njengabantu abadala abangakhulelwanga. Nangona kunjalo, i-CDC ikwaphawula ukuba abo bakhulelweyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula ngenxa yeentsholongwane zokuphefumla xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangakhulelwanga.

Ukuhambisa intsholongwane ukusuka kumama kuye emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa akunakwenzeka, kodwa umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa uyakwazi ukufumana intsholongwane emva kokuzalwa.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-coronaviruses?

I-COVID-19 inokuchongwa ngokufanayo kwezinye iimeko ezibangelwa kukosuleleka kwintsholongwane: ukusebenzisa igazi, amathe, okanye isampulu yethishu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweemvavanyo zisebenzisa i-swab yomqhaphu ukufumana isampulu evela ngaphakathi kwempumlo yakho.

ICDC, amanye amasebe ezempilo karhulumente, kunye nezinye iinkampani zorhwebo ziqhuba iimvavanyo. Bona eyakho ukufumana ukuba uvavanyo lunikezelwa phi kufutshane nawe.

Nge-21 ka-Epreli 2020, kuvunyiwe ukusetyenziswa kwekhithi yokuqala yovavanyo lwasekhaya ye-COVID-19.

Ngokusebenzisa i-swab yomqhaphu ebonelelweyo, abantu baya kuba nakho ukuqokelela isampulu yammpumlo kwaye bayithumele kwilebhu ekhethiweyo ukuze kuvavanywe.

Isigunyaziso sokusetyenziswa ngokungxamisekileyo sichaza ukuba ikhithi yokuvavanya igunyazisiwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu abathi oononophelo lwempilo babachonge njengabarhanelwa yi-COVID-19.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba une-COVID-19 okanye ubona iimpawu.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa malunga nokuba ufanele:

• Hlala ekhaya kwaye ujonge iimpawu zakho
• eze kwiofisi kagqirha ukuze kuvavanywe
• yiya esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?

Okwangoku akukho lonyango luvunyiweyo ngokukodwa kwi-COVID-19, kwaye akukho lunyango losulelo, nangona unyango kunye nezitofu zokugonya ziphantsi kophando.

Endaweni yoko, unyango lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu njengoko intsholongwane iqhuba ikhosi.

Funa uncedo lonyango ukuba ucinga ukuba une-COVID-19. Ugqirha wakho uya kuncomela unyango ngazo naziphi na iimpawu okanye iingxaki ezivelayo kwaye akwazise ukuba ufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ezinye ii-coronaviruses ezinje ngeSARS kunye neMERS zikwanyangwa ngokulawula iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango oluvavanyiweyo luye lwavavanywa ukubona ukuba lusebenza kangakanani na.

Imizekelo yonyango esetyenziselwa ezi zigulo zibandakanya:

• amayeza antiviral okanye retroviral
• ukuphefumla ukuxhasa, njengomoya ongenisa umoya
• i-steroids ukunciphisa ukudumba kwemiphunga
• utofelo-gazi lwegazi

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ezivela kwi-COVID-19?

Eyona ngxaki inzima ye-COVID-19 luhlobo lwenyumoniya ebizwa ngokuba yinyumoniya enesifo se-coronavirus esosulelwe yi-pneumonia (NCIP).

Iziphumo ezivela kuphononongo lwango-2020 lwabantu abali-138 abangeniswe ezibhedlele eWuhan, China, kunye ne-NCIP bafumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-26 zabo bamkelweyo banamatyala amabi kwaye bafuna ukunyangwa kwigumbi labagula kakhulu (ICU).

Malunga neepesenti ezi-4.3 zabantu ababengeniswe kwi-ICU babulawa lolu hlobo lwenyumoniya.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantu ababengeniswe kwi-ICU babemdadlana ngokomgangatho kwaye babeneemeko zempilo ezingaphantsi kunabantu abangazange baye kwi-ICU.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-NCIP kuphela kwengxaki enxibelelene ngqo ne-2019 coronavirus. Abaphandi babone ezi ngxaki zilandelayo kubantu abaphuhlise i-COVID-19:

• isifo sokuphefumula (i-ARDS)
• izinga lentliziyo elingaqhelekanga (arrhythmia)
• ukothuka kwentliziyo
• Intlungu ebuhlungu (myalgia)
• ukudinwa
• ukulimala kwentliziyo okanye isifo sentliziyo
• Inkqubo ye-multisystem yokukrala kwabantwana (i-MIS-C), ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sokudumba kwesifo (PMIS)

Unokuthintela njani ii-coronaviruses?

Indlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kosulelo kukuphepha okanye ukunciphisa umda kunxibelelwano nabantu ababonisa iimpawu ze-COVID-19 okanye naluphi na usulelo lokuphefumla.

Into elandelayo onokuyenza kukuziqhelanisa nococeko kunye nokuhamba emzimbeni ukuthintela iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ekubeni zingahanjiswa.

Iingcebiso zokuthintela

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo imizuzwana engama-20 ngexesha ngamanzi ashushu kunye nesepha. Lide kangakanani imizuzwana engama-20? Malunga nokuba kuthatha ixesha ukucula ii "ABCs" zakho.
• Musa ukubamba ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumlo, okanye umlomo xa izandla zakho zingcolile.
• Musa ukuphuma xa uziva ugula okanye unempawu zokubanda okanye umkhuhlane.
• Hlala kwi (2 yeemitha) kude nabantu.
• Vala umlomo wakho ngethishu okanye ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho nanini na uthimla okanye ukhohlela. Lahla naziphi na izicubu ozisebenzisayo kwangoko.
• Coca naziphi na izinto ozichukumisayo. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane kwizinto ezifana neefowuni, iikhompyuter kunye neebhokisi zomsebenzi. Sebenzisa isepha namanzi kwizinto opheka okanye otya ngazo, njengezitya kunye nesitya.

Ngaba ufanele unxibe imaski?

Ukuba uphume kwindawo kawonke-wonke apho kunzima ukulandela izikhokelo zokomelela ngokwasemzimbeni, izindululo zokuba unxibe imaski yobuso belaphu eligubungele umlomo wakho kunye nempumlo.

Xa zinxitywe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ngepesenti enkulu yoluntu, ezi maski zinokunceda ukucothisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-SARS-CoV-2.

Kungenxa yokuba banokuthintela amathontsi okuphefumla abantu abanokuthi bangabonakaliswa okanye abantu abanentsholongwane kodwa bangakhange babone.

Amaconsi okuphefumla angena emoyeni xa:

• khupha umphefumlo
• thetha
• ukukhohlela
• thimla

Unokwenza imaski yakho usebenzisa izinto ezisisiseko ezinje:

• ibhanti
• isikipa
• Ilaphu lomqhaphu

I-CDC ibonelela ngokwenza imaski ngesikere okanye ngomatshini wokuthunga.

Imaski yelaphu iyakhethwa kuluntu ngokubanzi kuba ezinye iintlobo zeemaski kufuneka zigcinelwe abasebenzi bezempilo.

Kubalulekile ukugcina imaski icocekile. Yihlambe emva kwexesha ngalinye uyisebenzisa. Kuphephe ukubamba umphambili wayo ngezandla zakho. Kwakhona, zama ukunqanda ukubamba umlomo, impumlo kunye namehlo xa ususa.

Oku kukuthintela ekubeni ungadlulisela intsholongwane kwimaski uye ezandleni zakho nasezandleni zakho ebusweni bakho.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukunxiba imaski ayisiyiyo enye indawo yokuthintela, njengokuhlamba izandla rhoqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuhamba emzimbeni. Zonke zibalulekile.

Abantu abathile akufuneki banxibe iimaski zobuso, kubandakanya:

• abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala
• abantu abanengxaki yokuphefumla
• abantu abangakwaziyo ukususa iimaski zabo

Zeziphi ezinye iintlobo zecoronaviruses?

I-coronavirus ifumana igama layo kwindlela ejongeka ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope.

Igama corona lithetha "isithsaba."

Xa ivavanywa ngokusondeleyo, intsholongwane engqukuva "inesithsaba" seeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba ziipeplomers ezithi ziphume zivela kumbindi wazo. Ezi proteni zinceda intsholongwane ichonge ukuba ingaba ingayosulela na umphathi wayo.

Imeko eyaziwa ngokuba sisifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) nayo yayayanyaniswa ne-coronavirus esosulelayo kakhulu phaya kwii-2000s zokuqala. Intsholongwane ka-SARS sele ikhona.

I-COVID-19 vs. SARS

Eli ayiloxesha lokuqala i-coronavirus yenze iindaba. Ukuqhambuka kwe-SARS ka-2003 kwabangelwa yi-coronavirus.

Njengakwintsholongwane ka-2019, intsholongwane ye-SARS yafunyanwa okokuqala kwizilwanyana ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe ebantwini.

Intsholongwane ka-SARS kucingelwa ukuba ivela kwaye yagqithiselwa kwesinye isilwanyana emva koko yaya ebantwini.

Nje ukuba idluliselwe ebantwini, intsholongwane ye-SARS yaqala ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabantu.

Yintoni eyenza ukuba i-coronavirus entsha ibe neendaba ezilungileyo kukuba unyango okanye unyango alukaphuhliswa ukunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwayo olukhawulezileyo olusuka emntwini luye emntwini.

I-SARS igcinwe ngempumelelo.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Okokuqala nokuphambili, musa ukothuka. Akukho mfuneko yokuba uvalelwe wedwa ngaphandle kokuba ukrokrela ukuba unayo intsholongwane okanye uneziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo zovavanyo.

Ukulandela izikhombisi zokuhlamba izandla ezilula kunye nezikhokelo zokuhamba emzimbeni zezona ndlela zingcono zokuzikhusela ekuchaphazelweni yintsholongwane.

I-coronavirus ka-2019 ibonakala iyothusa xa ufunda iindaba malunga nokufa okutsha, ukuvalelwa yedwa, kunye nokuvalwa kokuhamba.

Hlala uzolile kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuba ufumene ukuba une-COVID-19 ukuze uphinde uchache kwaye uncede ukuyikhusela ekuhanjisweni.

Funda eli nqaku ngeSpanish.