Umbala wobumfama: yintoni, uyichonga njani kwaye uyiphatha njani

Umxholo

• Indlela yokuchonga ubumfama bombala
• Unjani unyango
• 1. Yongeza inkqubo yokuchonga imibala
• 2. Faka imibala kwiiglasi ezingaboniyo

Umbala wobumfama, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-dyschromatopsia okanye i-dyschromopsia, lutshintsho kumbono apho umntu engakwaziyo ukwahlula imibala ethile, ngakumbi eluhlaza kubomvu. Olu tshintsho luninzi kwimeko yemfuza, nangona kunjalo inokuvela ngenxa yomonakalo kulwakhiwo lwamehlo okanye ii-neurons ezijongene nombono.

Umbala wobumfama awunonyango, nangona kunjalo, indlela aphila ngayo umntu inokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze abe nokuphila kufutshane nesiqhelo kwaye ngaphandle kobunzima, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweiglasi zokungaboni umbala, umzekelo, kunokuboniswa ngugqirha wamehlo. Ukuchongwa kolu tshintsho kunokwenziwa kuvavanyo oluvumela ukuvavanya amandla omntu okwahlula imibala. Jonga ukuba iimvavanyo zingqina njani ubumfama bombala.

Indlela yokuchonga ubumfama bombala

Ukuchongwa kobumfama bombala kwenziwa ngovavanyo olunokwenziwa ekhaya, esikolweni okanye ngexesha lokubonisana nodokotela wamehlo kwaye luqulathe amanani achazayo okanye iindlela ezikhoyo kwimifanekiso eneepateni zombala ezahlukeneyo. Ke, ngokwamandla omntu okuchonga okuqulathwe kwimifanekiso, ugqirha wamehlo angakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwaye abonise uhlobo lombala wobumfama umntu analo:

• Umbala wobumfama obuchaphazelayo: ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-monochromatic, luhlobo olunqabileyo lobumfama bombala, apho umntu abona mnyama, mhlophe nangwevu, engaboni eminye imibala;
• Umbala we-Dichromatic blindness: umntu akanayo i-receiver color kwaye, ke ngoko, akakwazi ukubona imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;

• Umbala weTrichomatic blind: lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, apho umntu enobunzima obuncinci ekwahlukaniseni imibala okoko umntu enazo zonke ii-receptors zemibala kodwa azisebenzi kakuhle. Imibala ehlala ichaphazeleka ibomvu, iluhlaza kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemibala yayo eyahlukeneyo.

Iindidi zobumfama bombala zihlelwa ngokobunzima bokubona imibala ethile, kwaye kufuneka zisoloko zifunyaniswa ngugqirha wamehlo.

Unjani unyango

Umbala wobumfama awunonyango, nangona kunjalo unyango oluboniswe ngugqirha wamehlo lunokubuphucula ubomi bomntu, kwaye unokucetyiswa:

1. Yongeza inkqubo yokuchonga imibala

Ukufunda inkqubo yokuchongwa kombala ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADD yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuphila nobumfama bombala. Le nkqubo ikhathalogu ngombala ngamnye onophawu, inceda umbala ongaboniyo 'ukubona' imibala, ngendlela elula, ukwandisa ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo.

Ngelixa le nkqubo ingekanyanzeleki, into onokuyenza kukucela uncedo kumntu ongeyomfama umbala ukuba akuncede ubhale uphawu olufanelekileyo kwiileyibhile zeempahla kunye nezihlangu, kunye neepeni kunye neepensile ezinemibala ukuze nanini na xa umbala we-colorblind ubona iisimboli ziyayazi indlela yokuchonga umbala wazo.

Inkqubo ye-ADD yokufaka iikhowudi iyafana nolwimi lweBraille kwabangaboni kakuhle kwaye sele isetyenziswe kwamanye amazwe.

2. Faka imibala kwiiglasi ezingaboniyo

Indlela elungileyo yokuphila ngobumfama bombala kukuthenga iiglasi ezikhethekileyo zokungaboni umbala, eziguqula imibala ukuze imibala engaboniyo ibone imibala njengoko injalo.

Zimbini iintlobo zeelensi, enye yazo ibonakalisiwe kubantu abangayiboniyo imibala ebomvu, eyimodeli yeCx-PT, kunye nenye kwabo bangaboniyo kuluhlaza, okuyimodeli yeCx-D. Nangona kunjalo, ingilazi yamehlo enokuboniswa kwabo bangayichongiyo yonke imibala ayenziwanga.