Ukuqina kwesibindi

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zesifo sokubola kwesibindi?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuqina kwesibindi?
• Ichaphazeleka njani i-cirrhosis?
• Inyangwa njani i-cirrhosis?
• Ichaphazela njani ixesha lokuphila?
• Umgca wezantsi

Yintoni i-cirrhosis ebolaweyo?

I-cirrhosis ebolaweyo ligama elisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuchaza iingxaki zesifo sesibindi esihambele phambili. Abantu abane-cirrhosis ehlawulelweyo bahlala bengenazo iimpawu kuba isibindi sabo sisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko umsebenzi wesibindi uncipha, unokuba yi-cirrhosis.

Abantu abane-cirrhosis ebolileyo basondela kwinqanaba lokuphela kwesibindi kwaye bahlala bengabagqatswa ekufakweni kwesibindi.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nokubola kwesibindi, kubandakanya neempawu zayo kunye nefuthe kubomi bokuphila.

Ziintoni iimpawu zesifo sokubola kwesibindi?

I-Cirrhosis ihlala ingabangeli zimpawu kumanqanaba ayo angaphambili. Kodwa njengoko iqhubeka ukuya kwi-cirrhosis ebolileyo, inokubangela:

• inyongo
• ukudinwa
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukopha ngokulula kunye nokugruzuka
• isisu esiswini ngenxa yokuqokelela kwamanzi (ascites)
• imilenze idumbile
• ukudideka, intetho edibeneyo, okanye ukozela (hepatic encephalopathy)
• isicaphucaphu kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• imithambo yesigcawu
• ububomvu ezintendeni zezandla
• ukuncipha kwamasende kunye nokukhula kwebele emadodeni
• Ukulunywa okungachazwanga

Yintoni ebangela ukuqina kwesibindi?

I-cirrhosis ebolaweyo linqanaba eliphambili le-cirrhosis. I-Cirrhosis ibhekisa ekunqandeni isibindi. I-cirrhosis ebolileyo yenzeka xa esi sibetho siba nzima kangangokuba isibindi asikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.

Nantoni na eyonakalisa isibindi inokubangela amanxeba, anokuthi ekugqibeleni aguquke abe kukuqina kwesibindi. Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo be-cirrhosis zezi:

• ixesha elide, ukusela kakhulu utywala
• i-hepatitis B engapheliyo okanye i-hepatitis C
• amanqatha amaninzi kwisibindi

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela i-cirrhosis zibandakanya:

• isinyithi
• icystic fibrosis
• ukwakhiwa kobhedu
• imibhobho yenyongo eyakhiwe kakubi
• izifo ezizimeleyo zesibindi
• ukulimala kwendlela
• izifo zesibindi
• ukuthatha amayeza athile, anje nge-methotrexate

Ichaphazeleka njani i-cirrhosis?

Ngokubanzi, oogqirha baya kukufumanisa ukuba une-cirrhosis ebolileyo xa uqala ukuba neempawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, njenge-jaundice okanye ukudideka kwengqondo. Bahlala beqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukumisela ukusebenza kwesibindi.

Banokuthatha isampulu ye-serum ukuba beze nemodeli yamanqaku esifo sesibindi (MELD). Amanqaku e-MELD sesona sixhobo sixhaphakileyo sisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sesibindi. Amanqaku aqala kwi-6 kuye kwi-40.

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha benza i-biopsy yesibindi, ebandakanya ukuthatha isampulu encinci yeethishu zesibindi kunye nokuyihlalutya. Oku kuya kubanceda baqonde ngcono ukuba sonakele kangakanani isibindi sakho.

Banokusebenzisa uthotho lweemvavanyo zokujonga ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwesibindi sakho kunye nepeni, njenge:

• Ukuskena iMRI
• Imitha yesandi
• Ukuvavanywa kweCT
• i-magnetic resonance elastography okanye i-elastography yexeshana, ezo ziimvavanyo zokucinga ezifumanisa ukuqina kwesibindi

Inyangwa njani i-cirrhosis?

Kukho iindlela zonyango ezinqongopheleyo zesifo sokubola kwesifo. Kule nqanaba kamva lesifo sesibindi, ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukuguqula imeko. Kodwa oku kukwathetha ukuba abantu abane-cirrhosis ebolekileyo bahlala bebagqatswa abafanelekileyo ekufakweni kwesibindi.

Ukuba ubuncinci uphawu lwe-cirrhosis ebolaweyo kunye nenqaku le-MELD eli-15 okanye ngaphezulu, ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyacetyiswa ngamandla.

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kwenziwa kunye nenxalenye okanye isibindi esipheleleyo esivela kumnikeli. Izicubu zesibindi zinokuphinda zivuseleleke, ke umntu unokufumana isahlulo sesibindi kumnikeli ophilayo. Isibindi esifakiweyo kunye nesibindi somnikeli ziya kuphinda zivuseleleke kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ngelixa ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyindlela ethembisayo, yinkqubo enkulu enezinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha uya kuthumela umntu oza kuba sisigulana kwiziko lokufakelwa, apho iqela labaqeqeshi bezonyango liya kuvavanya ukuba isigulana besiza kwenza njani ngokufakelwa.

Baza kujonga:

• isigaba sesifo sesibindi
• imbali yezonyango
• impilo yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo
• Inkqubo yenkxaso ekhaya
• amandla kunye nokuzimisela ukulandela imiyalelo ye-posturgery
• amathuba okusinda kotyando

Ukuvavanya konke oku, oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo, ezinje:

• iimviwo zomzimba
• iimvavanyo ezininzi zegazi
• uvavanyo lwengqondo noluntu
• kuvavanyo lokuvavanya impilo yentliziyo yakho, imiphunga kunye namanye amalungu
• iimvavanyo zokucinga
• Ukuvavanywa kweziyobisi notywala
• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis

Abantu abanesifo sesibindi esinxulumene notywala okanye iziyobisi kuya kufuneka babonise ubungqongqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kunokubandakanya ukubonisa amaxwebhu avela kwiziko lonyango.

Nokuba umntu ukulungele ukufakelwa, ugqirha usenokucebisa oku kulandelayo ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuthintela ezinye iingxaki:

• ukulandela ukutya okunetyuwa encinci
• ukungasebenzisi iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa okanye utywala
• ukuthatha i-diuretics
• ukuthatha amayeza antiviral ukulawula ihepatitis B engapheliyo okanye uC
• ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokungena kwamanzi
• ukuthatha ii-antibiotics ukunyanga naziphi na izifo ezisisiseko okanye ukuthintela ezitsha
• ukuthatha amayeza ukunceda ihlwili legazi
• ukuthatha amayeza ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi esibindini
• ukwenza inkqubo yokususa ulwelo olongezelelweyo esiswini

Ichaphazela njani ixesha lokuphila?

Ukuqina kwesibindi kunganciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwakho. Ngokubanzi, aphezulu amanqaku akho e-MELD, asezantsi amathuba akho okusinda kwezinye iinyanga ezintathu.

Umzekelo, ukuba unamanqaku e-MELD ali-15 okanye ngaphantsi, unamathuba angama-95 okusinda ubuncinci iinyanga ezintathu. Ukuba unamanqaku angama-30 e-MELD, iqondo lakho lokusinda leenyanga ezintathu liipesenti ezingama-65. Kungenxa yoko le nto abantu abanamanqaku aphezulu e-MELD benikwa kuqala kuluhlu lwababoneleli bezitho zomzimba.

Ukufumana ukufakelwa kwesibindi kukonyusa ixesha lokuphila. Ngelixa imeko nganye yahlukile, abantu abaninzi babuyela kwimisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo emva kokufakelwa kwesibindi. Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu li malunga neepesenti ezingama-75.

Umgca wezantsi

I-cirrhosis ebolaweyo luhlobo oluphambili lwe-cirrhosis ehambelana nokusilela kwesibindi. Nangona kungekho zininzi iindlela zokonyango, ukufakelwa kwesibindi kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwixesha lokuphila.

Ukuba ufumene ukuba unesifo sokubola kwesibindi, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufaneleka ukufakelwa. Banokubhekisa kuwe kwi-hepatologist, eluhlobo logqirha ogxile ekunyangeni iimeko zesibindi.