Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo emzimbeni: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo seLeyy, esaziwa njengesona sifo sikhulu okanye esincinci sokuqonda kwengqondo kunye nemizimba yeLeyy, sisifo sengqondo esichaphazelayo esichaphazela imimandla ejongene nemisebenzi enjengememori, ukucinga nokuhamba, kwaye kubangelwa kukuqokelelwa kweeproteni, ezaziwa njengemizimba yeLeyy, kwizihlunu zobuchopho.

Esi sifo sibonakala ngokuguga, siqheleke ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60, kwaye sibangela iimpawu ezinjengokubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukulahleka kwememori okuqhubekayo kunye nobunzima ekugxileni, kunye nokungcangcazela kwemisipha kunye nokuqina, sithathwa njengoluhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kanye emva Alzheimer's.

Nangona kungekho nonyango ye-Lewy ye-dementia ye-Lewy, kunokwenzeka ukwenza unyango kunye nokulawula iimpawu, usebenzisa amayeza akhokelwa ngugqirha, njengeQuetiapine okanye iDonepezila, umzekelo, okhupha ezinye iimpawu, ngaphezu kokutyalomali unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lomsebenzi. Ngale ndlela, umntu unokuphila iminyaka emininzi ngokuzimela kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo seLeyy sineempawu ezibonakala ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziya zisiba mbi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ukuphulukana nobuchule bengqondo, ebizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi yokuqonda, enjengememori, ukugxila, ingqalelo, unxibelelwano kunye nolwimi;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo kunye nokudideka, ukuba ujikeleze phakathi kwamaxesha odideko olugqithisileyo kunye namaxesha azolileyo;
• Ukungcangcazela kwemisipha kunye nokuqina, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-parkinsonism, kuba balingisa iintshukumo zika-Parkinson;
• Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, apho umntu abona khona izinto ezingekhoyo, njengezilwanyana okanye abantwana, umzekelo;
• Ubunzima kuvavanyo lomgama, ezibizwa ngokuba lutshintsho olubonakalayo, ezinokukhokelela ekuweni rhoqo;
• Utshintsho kubuthongo beREM, ezinokuzibonakalisa ngeentshukumo, intetho okanye ukukhala ngexesha lokulala.

Ngokubanzi, utshintsho kubuchule bengqondo lubonakala kuqala, kwaye njengoko isifo siqhubeka, utshintsho ekuhambeni luyabonakala, kwaye ukudideka kwengqondo kuya kusiba mandundu. Kuqhelekile ukuba neempawu zokutshintsha kwemood, ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye nokungakhathali.

Ngenxa yeempawu ezifanayo, esi sifo sinokuphazanyiswa yi-Alzheimer's okanye iParkinson. Okwangoku akukho sizathu saziwayo seLeby Dementia yoMzimba, ngoko ke nabani na angasiphucula esi sifo, nangona kubonakala ngathi siqhelekile kumadoda angaphezu kwama-60.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba ye-Lewy yenziwa yi-neurologist, ugqirha wezonyango okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, emva kovavanyo olupheleleyo lweempawu, imbali yosapho kunye novavanyo lomzimba.

Nangona ezinye iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje ngecomputer tomography okanye ngemagneti yokuphononongwa kwemagneti, zinokunceda ekuboneni ukonakala kwezinye iinxalenye zobuchopho, ziyasilela ukufumanisa imizimba yeLeby, enokubonakala kuphela emva kokufa. Kukwabalulekile ukusebenzisa izikali zokulinganisa ukuvavanya ukuguquguquka kwesakhono sokuqonda.

Ngale ndlela, ugqirha uyakwahlula esi sifo kwabanye abaneempawu ezifanayo, ezinje nge-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Parkinson, kwaye abonise olona nyango lufanelekileyo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Kuba akukho lunyango lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba ye-Lewy, unyango kufuneka lukhokelwe yi-neurologist, ugqirha wezonyango okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ukunciphisa iimpawu zomntu ngamnye kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomphathi.

Ke iintlobo eziphambili zonyango zibandakanya:

• Unyango lwe-Antipsychotic, ezinje ngeQuetiapine okanye i-Olanzapine: zivumela ukunciphisa amaxesha okuba nemibono, nangona kunjalo, zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi okanye zenze mandundu imeko yomntu kwaye, ke ngoko, xa zisetyenziswa, kufuneka zivavanywe rhoqo ngugqirha;
• Unyango lwenkumbulo, ezinje ngeDonepezila okanye iRivastigmine: yonyusa imveliso yee-neurotransmitters kwingqondo, ezinokuphucula uxinzelelo, inkumbulo kunye nokunciphisa ukubonakala kwemibono kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha;
• Unyango lokuphucula izakhono zemoto, ezinje ngeCarbidopa kunye neLevodopa, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiParkinson's: ziyazinciphisa iimpawu zemoto ezinjengokungcangcazela, ukuqina kwemisipha okanye ukucotha kokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nokudideka kunokuba mandundu, kwaye ke kunganxulunyaniswa namayeza ememori;
• Unyango lwe-antidepressant, ezinje ngeSertraline okanye iCitalopam: esetyenziselwa ukuphucula iimpawu zokudakumba, ukongeza ekuncedeni ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokulawula ukulala;
• Umzimba wonyango: kunceda ukugcina amandla emisipha kunye nokuguquguquka, ukongeza ekuphuculeni amandla eentliziyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzilolonga;
• Unyango emsebenzini: kubaluleke kakhulu ukunceda ukugcina ukuzimela, ukufundisa umntu ukuba enze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokusikelwa umda kwabo.

Ukongeza, ukunceda ukulwa neempawu zokudakumba rhoqo, unxunguphalo okanye ukuphazamiseka, umnakekeli unokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinje nge-aromatherapy, unyango lomculo okanye ukuthambisa, umzekelo.

Kukwacetyiswa ukuba wenze umthambo ukugcina ubuchopho busebenza, kuthintele ukutshaya kunye nokwamkela ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokutya okunesondlo, ukunika iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Jonga ezinye iimithambo ezikuvumela ukuba ugcine ingqondo yakho isebenza.