Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga noMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ubangela
• Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Amanqanaba omhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Umngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko
• Ukuxela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Utyando lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Uthintelo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Izibalo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nokukhulelwa

Yintoni umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luhlobo lomhlaza oqala kumlomo wesibeleko. Umlomo wesibeleko sisilinda esingenanto esidibanisa indawo engezantsi yesibeleko sowasetyhini kwilungu lakhe lobufazi. Uninzi lwee-cancer zomlomo wesibeleko ziqala kwiiseli kumphezulu wesibeleko.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko wawungunobangela ophambili wokusweleka phakathi kwabafazi baseMelika. Oko kutshintshile okoko kuvavanywa kuvavanyo lokujonga.

Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Abasetyhini abaninzi abanomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko abayiqondi ukuba banesifo kwangethuba, kuba asihlali sibangela iimpawu kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha. Xa iimpawu zibonakala, ziphosakela ngokulula kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ezinjengokuya exesheni kunye nosulelo lwe-urinary tract (UTIs).

Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zezi:

• ukuphuma ngokungaqhelekanga, njengaphakathi kwamaxesha, emva kwesondo, okanye emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni
• incindi yelungu lobufazi ebonakala okanye inuke ngokwahlukileyo kunesiqhelo
• iintlungu esinqeni
• efuna ukuchama rhoqo
• iintlungu ngexesha lokuchama

Ukuba uqaphela nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, jonga ugqirha wakho kuvavanyo. Fumanisa ukuba ugqirha wakho uza kuwuchonga njani umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ubangela

Uninzi lweziganeko zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zibangelwa sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo i-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV). Le yintsholongwane efanayo ebangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini.

Zimalunga ne-100 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV. Iindidi ezithile kuphela zibangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zixhaphake umhlaza zii-HPV-16 kunye ne-HPV-18.

Ukosulelwa sisifo esibangela umhlaza se-HPV akuthethi ukuba uza kufumana umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Amajoni akho omzimba asusa uninzi losulelo lwe-HPV, rhoqo kwisithuba seminyaka emibini.

I-HPV inokubangela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kwabasetyhini nakumadoda. Oku kubandakanya:

• umhlaza wesisu
• umhlaza kwilungu lobufazi
• umhlaza wepenile
• umhlaza wangasemva
• umhlaza womqala
• umhlaza womqala

I-HPV sisifo esixhaphake kakhulu. Fumanisa ukuba yeyiphi ipesenti yabantu abadala ababa neentlobano zesini abaya kuyifumana ngexesha elithile ebomini babo.

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uyanyangeka ukuba uwubambe kwangethuba. Ezi zonyango zine zilandelayo:

• utyando
• unyango lwemitha
• ichemotherapy
• unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango luyadityaniswa ukuze lusebenze ngakumbi.

Ugqirha

Injongo yotyando kukususa umhlaza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokususa nje indawo yomlomo wesibeleko eneeseli zomhlaza. Ngomhlaza osasazeke ngokubanzi, utyando lunokubandakanya ukususwa komlomo wesibeleko kunye namanye amalungu esinqeni.

Unyango ngemitha

Imitha ibulala iiseli zomhlaza isebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-X-ray. Inokuhanjiswa ngomatshini ongaphandle komzimba. Inokuhanjiswa ngaphakathi emzimbeni usebenzisa ityhubhu yentsimbi ebekwe esibelekweni okanye kwilungu lobufazi.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni. Oogqirha banika olu nyango kwimijikelo. Uya kufumana i-chemo kangangexesha elithile. Uya kuyeka unyango ukunika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuba uphinde uchache.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

I-Bevacizumab (Avastin) sisiyobisi esitsha esisebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation. Ibhloka ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha enceda umhlaza ukuba ukhule kwaye uphile. Eli chiza lihlala linikezelwa kunye nekhemotherapy.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa iiseli zangaphambi komlomo wesibeleko sakho zinokunyangwa. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezinqanda ezi seli ukuba zingaguquki zibe ngumhlaza.

Amanqanaba omhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Emva kokuba ufunyanisiwe, ugqirha wakho uya kunika umhlaza wakho kwinqanaba. Isigaba sichaza ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, kude kangakanani ukusasazeka. Ukubeka umhlaza wakho kunokunceda ugqirha wakho akufumane unyango olulungileyo.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unezigaba ezine:

• Inqanaba 1: Umhlaza umncinci. Inokuthi isasazeka kwii-lymph nodes. Ayisasazekanga kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho.
• Inqanaba 2: Umhlaza mkhulu. Inokuthi isasazeka ngaphandle kwesibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko okanye kwii-lymph node. Akukafikeleli kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho.
• Inqanaba 3: Umhlaza unwenwele nakwindawo engezantsi yelungu lobufazi okanye eluswini. Inokuba ibhloka ureters, iityhubhu ezihambisa umchamo kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi. Ayisasazekanga kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho.
• Inqanaba 4: Umhlaza usenokusasazeka ngaphandle kwesinqe kumalungu afana nemiphunga, amathambo, okanye isibindi.

Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

IPap smear luvavanyo olusetyenziswayo ngoogqirha ukufumanisa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ukwenza olu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uqokelela isampulu yeeseli kumphezulu wesibeleko sakho. Ezi seli ke zithunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanyelwa utshintsho oluphambili okanye olunomhlaza.

Ukuba olu tshintsho lufunyenwe, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa icolposcopy, inkqubo yokuvavanya umlomo wakho wesibeleko. Ngethuba lovavanyo, ugqirha wakho unokuthatha i-biopsy, eyisampuli yeeseli zomlomo wesibeleko.

Icebisa le shedyuli ilandelayo yovavanyo lwabasetyhini ngokobudala:

• Iminyaka engama-21 ukuya kuma-29: Fumana iPap smear kube kanye kwiminyaka emithathu.
• Iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-65: Fumana iPap smear kube kanye kwiminyaka emithathu, ufumane uvavanyo olunobungozi kakhulu lwe-HPV (hrHPV) qho kwiminyaka emihlanu, okanye ufumane uvavanyo lwePap smear kunye ne-hrHPV qho kwiminyaka emihlanu.

Ngaba uyayifuna i-Pap smear? Funda ukuba ulindele ntoni kuvavanyo lwePap.

Umngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko

I-HPV ngowona mngcipheko mkhulu womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ezinye izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko zibandakanya:

• intsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV)
• chlamydia
• ukutshaya
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• ukutya okuphantsi kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno
• ukuthatha iipilisi zokulawula inzala
• ukukhulelwa ixesha elipheleleyo kathathu
• ukuba mncinci kuneminyaka eli-17 ubudala xa wawukhulelwe okokuqala

Nokuba unayo okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto, awumiselwanga ukuba ube nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Funda ukuba ungaqala ukwenza ntoni ngoku ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukuxela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko obanjiweyo kumanqanaba okuqala, xa usavalelwe kumlomo wesibeleko, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu liipesenti ezingama-92.

Emva kokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-pelvic, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lihla laya kuma-56 ekhulwini. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, ukusinda kuphela kwipesenti ezili-17.

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lubalulekile ekuphuculeni imbonakalo yabasetyhini abanomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Xa lo mhlaza ubanjwe kwangethuba, uyanyangeka kakhulu.

Utyando lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zotyando zinyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Yiyiphi enye ugqirha wakho ayincomayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

• I-Cryosurgery iqanda iiseli zomhlaza ngeprosesa ebekwe kumlomo wesibeleko.
• Utyando lweLaser lutshisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ngentambo yelaser.
• I-Conization isusa indawo emile yomlomo wesibeleko isebenzisa imela yotyando, i-laser, okanye ucingo olucekeceke olushushu ngombane.
• IHysterectomy isusa isibeleko sonke kunye nomlomo wesibeleko. Xa umphezulu welungu lobufazi nawo ususiwe, ibizwa ngokuba yi-radical hysterectomy.
• I-Trachelectomy isusa umlomo wesibeleko kunye nomphezulu welungu lobufazi, kodwa ishiya isibeleko endaweni ukuze owasetyhini akwazi ukuba nabantwana kwikamva.
• Ukugqithiswa kwepelvic kungasusa isibeleko, ubufazi, isinyi, i-rectum, i-lymph node, kunye nenxalenye yekholoni, kuxhomekeke kwindawo osele kuyo umhlaza.

Uthintelo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Enye yeendlela ezilula zokuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kukuhlolwa rhoqo ngePap smear kunye / okanye kuvavanyo lwe-hrHPV. Uvavanyo luthatha iiseli ezinomdla, ukuze zinyangwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.

Usulelo lwe-HPV lubangela iimeko ezininzi zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Usulelo luyakhuselwa ngokugonya iGardasil kunye neCervarix. Ugonyo lusebenza kakhulu phambi kokuba umntu abelane ngesondo. Amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana banokugonywa nge-HPV.

Nazi ezinye iindlela ezimbalwa onokuthi uwunciphise umngcipheko we-HPV kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:

• Nciphisa inani lamaqabane osondo onawo
• soloko usebenzisa ikhondom okanye enye indlela yokuthintela xa usabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi, ngomlomo, okanye ezimpundu

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zePap smear zibonisa ukuba uneeseli ezichazayo kumlomo wesibeleko sakho. Fumanisa ukuba wenzeni ukuba uvavanyo lwakho luza kubuya luhle.

Izibalo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha eziphambili zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Umbutho iAmerican Cancer Society uqikelele ukuba ngo-2019, malunga ne-13,170 yabasetyhini baseMelika bayakufunyaniswa benomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwaye abangama-4,250 bayakusweleka kwesi sifo. Uninzi lweziganeko luya kufunyaniswa kwabasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwengama-44.

Abasetyhini baseSpain lelona qela linokuba nesifo somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko eMelika. AmaNdiya aseMelika kunye nabemi baseAlaska banamazinga aphantsi.

Izinga lokusweleka kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lehlile kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ukususela ngo-2002-2016, inani lokufa lalingama-2.3 kuma-100,000 kwabasetyhini ngonyaka. Ngokwenxalenye, oku kwehla kungenxa yokuphuculwa kovavanyo.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nokukhulelwa

Kunqabile ukuba ufumane umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngelixa ukhulelwe, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Uninzi lomhlaza olufunyenwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa lufunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Ukunyanga umhlaza ngelixa ukhulelwe kunokuba nzima. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda uthathe isigqibo kunyango olusekwe kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho kwaye kukude kangakanani ekukhulelweni kwakho.

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba lokuqala kakhulu, unokukwazi ukulinda ukuhambisa ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Kwimeko yomhlaza oqhubele phambili ngakumbi apho unyango lufuna i-hysterectomy okanye i-radiation, kuyakufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba uyaqhubeka na ukukhulelwa.

Oogqirha baya kuzama ukuhambisa umntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba aphile ngaphandle kwesibeleko.