I-Retinal detachment: yintoni, iimpawu, izizathu kunye nokuhlinzwa

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Kutheni i-retina detachment yenzekile
• Xa kufuneka kwenziwe utyando

Ukufunyanwa kwe-retinal yimeko engxamisekileyo apho i-retina ikhutshelwe kwindawo efanelekileyo. Xa oku kusenzeka, inxalenye yeretina iyayeka ukunxibelelana noluhlu lwemithambo yegazi ngasemva kweliso, ke i-retina iyayeka ukufumana inani elifunekayo legazi kunye neoksijini, ezinokubangela ukusweleka kwethishu kunye nokungaboni.

Ngokubanzi, i-retinal detachment ihlala ixhaphake emva kweminyaka eyi-50, ngenxa yokuguga, nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka nakwizigulana ezisencinci eziye zahlaselwa entloko okanye kwiliso, onesifo seswekile okanye onengxaki yamehlo, njenge-glaucoma.

Ukufunyanwa kwe-retina kuyanyangeka ngotyando, kodwa unyango kufuneka luqale ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela i-retina ekubeni ingabikho-oksijini ixesha elide, nto leyo ikhokelela kwiingxaki ezingapheliyo. Ke ngoko, nangaliphi na ixesha xa kurhanelwa isixhobo se-retinal, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uye kwangoko kugqirha wamehlo okanye esibhedlele.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise ukufunyanwa kwe-retinal yile:

• Amabala amnyama amnyama, afana neenwele, ezibonakala kwicandelo lombono;
• Ukukhanya kokukhanya okuvela ngesiquphe;
• Ukuziva iintlungu okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwiso;
• Umbono omfiliba kakhulu;
• Isithunzi esimnyama esigubungele icandelo lendawo yokujonga.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zivela ngaphambi kweqela le-retinal kwaye ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nodokotela wamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uphonononge ngokupheleleyo iliso kwaye uqalise unyango olufanelekileyo, uphephe iingxaki ezinzulu, ezinje ngobumfama.

Jonga ukuba zeziphi ezincinci ezinokuntywila kumhlaba wokujonga.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Kwiimeko ezininzi ukuxilongwa kunokwenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo kuphela ngovavanyo lwamehlo, apho kunokwenzeka khona ukugcina umqolo wamehlo, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo, ezinje nge-ocular ultrasound okanye uviwo lwe-fundus, nazo ziyafuneka.

Ke, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ubukho beqela lokujonga ngamehlo kukubonana nodokotela wamehlo.

Kutheni i-retina detachment yenzekile

Ukufunyanwa kwe-retinal kwenzeka xa i-vitreous, eluhlobo lwejeli efumaneka ngaphakathi kwiso, ikwazi ukubaleka kwaye iqokelele phakathi kweretina kunye nasemva kweliso. Oku kuqheleke ngakumbi ngokuhamba kweminyaka kwaye, ke, ukubuyiswa kwethambo kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-50, kodwa inokwenzeka nakwabantu abancinci:

• Yenza olunye uhlobo lotyando lwamehlo;
• Unobungozi bokwenzakala kwamehlo;
• Ukuvutha rhoqo kwamehlo.

Kule meko, i-retina inokuba yincinci kwaye iyancipha kwaye ekugqibeleni iphule, ivumela i-vitreous ukuba iqokelele ngasemva kwaye ibangele i-detachment.

Xa kufuneka kwenziwe utyando

Utyando lolona hlobo lonyango kunyango lwe-retinal detachment kwaye, ke, utyando kufuneka lwenziwe nanini na xa kufunyaniswa ukuba isifo se-retinal dislocation siqinisekiswa.

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni sele kukho i-retinal detachment okanye ukuba kukho iinyembezi zamehlo kuphela, uhlobo lotyando lungahluka:

• Laser: i-ophthalmologist isebenzisa i-laser kwi-retina ekhuthaza ukuphiliswa kweenyembezi ezincinci ezinokubonakala;
• ICryopexy: ugqirha ugcoba i-anesthesia kwiliso kwaye ngoncedo lwesicatshulwa esincinci siqande i-membrane yangaphandle yeso, ukuvala naziphi na iziqhekeza kwi-retina;
• Inaliti yomoya okanye irhasi esweni: kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia kwaye, kolu hlobo lotyando, ugqirha ususa i-vitreous eqokelelwe emva kwe-retina. Emva koko faka umoya okanye igesi kwiso ukuze uthathe indawo ye-vitreous kwaye ucofe i-retina endaweni yayo. Emva kwethutyana, iretina iyaphilisa kwaye umoya, okanye igesi, iyangena ize itshintshwe ngesixa esitsha se vitreous.

Kwixesha langemva kokuhlinzwa kotyando lwe-retina, kuqhelekile ukuba ube nokungonwabi, ukuba bomvu kunye nokudumba kwiliso, ngakumbi kwiintsuku ezisi-7 zokuqala. Ngale ndlela, ugqirha uhlala echaza ukuhla kwamehlo ukukhulula iimpawu kude kube kutyelelo lokuhlaziya.

Ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweqela le-retina kuxhomekeke kubukrakra beqela, kwaye kwiimeko ezinobuzaza, apho kuye kwakho indawo esembindini yeretina, ixesha lokubuyisela lingathatha iiveki ezininzi kwaye umbono awunakufana yayingaphambili.