Isifo iAddison: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Isifo iAddison, esaziwa ngokuba yi "primary adrenal insufficiency" okanye "iAddison's syndrome", senzeka xa idlala yeadrenal okanye yeadrenal, ebekwe phezulu kwizintso, iyeke ukuvelisa iihormone cortisol kunye nealdosterone, inoxanduva lokulawula uxinzelelo, igazi uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba. Ke, ukunqongophala kwezi hormone kungakhokelela kubuthathaka, hypotension kunye nemvakalelo yokudinwa ngokubanzi. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni i-cortisol kunye nokuba yenzelwe ntoni.

Esi sifo sinokwenzeka nakubuphi na ubudala, amadoda okanye abasetyhini, kodwa siqhelekile phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala, kwaye sinokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ixesha elide, usulelo okanye izifo ezenzekelayo, umzekelo.

Unyango lwesifo iAddison sigqitywa yi-endocrinologist esekwe kuvavanyo lweempawu kunye nomthamo wehomoni kuvavanyo lwegazi kwaye ihlala ibandakanya ukongezwa kwehomoni.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zibonakala njengokuncipha kwenqanaba lamahomoni, elinokubandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu;
• Ubuthathaka;
• Ukudinwa
• Isicaphucaphu;
• Ukurhwebesha;
• Ukudinwa;
• Amachaphaza esikhumbeni, kwiintsini nakwimiqolo, ekuthiwa yi-hyperpigmentation yolusu;
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni;
• I-postural hypotension, ehambelana nesiyezi xa umi, kunye nokufa isiqaqa.

Ngenxa yokuba ingenazo iimpawu ezithile, isifo sika-Addison sihlala sididekile kunye nezinye izifo, ezinje nge-anemia okanye uxinzelelo, ekhokelela kulibaziseko ekwenzeni uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngovavanyo lweklinikhi, elebhu kunye nemifanekiso, enje ngetomography, imaging resonance imaging kunye novavanyo lokujonga uxinzelelo lwe sodium, potassium, ACTH kunye necortisol egazini. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-ACTH, apho uxinzelelo lwe-cortisol lilinganiswa ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa kwenaliti eyenziweyo ye-ACTH. Jonga ukuba lwenziwa njani uviwo lwe-ACTH kunye nendlela yokulungiselela.

Ukuchongwa kwesifo iAddison kuhlala kwenziwa kumanqanaba aphezulu ngakumbi, kuba ukunxiba kwamadlala adrenal okanye adrenal kwenzeka kancinci, kusenza ukuba kube nzima ukubona iimpawu zokuqala.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Isifo iAddison sihlala sibangelwa zizifo ezizimela komzimba, apho amajoni omzimba aqala ukuhlasela umzimba ngokwawo, onokuthi uphazamise ukusebenza kwamadlala eadrenal. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, usulelo lokungunda, intsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya, njenge-blastomycosis, i-HIV kunye nesifo sephepha, umzekelo, ukongeza kwi-neoplasms.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwesifo iAddison lujolise ekubuyiseleni ukusilela kwehomoni ngokusebenzisa amayeza, ukuze iimpawu zinyamalale. Amanye ala mayeza aquka:

• Cortisol okanye hydrocortisone;
• Fludrocortisone;
• Prednisone;
• Prednisolone;
• Dexamethasone.

Unyango lwenziwa ngokungqinelana nengcebiso ye-endocrinologist kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe ubomi bonke, kuba esi sifo asinyangeki, kodwa ngonyango kunokwenzeka ukulawula iimpawu. Ukongeza kunyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza, ukutya okunotye nge-sodium, calcium kunye nevithamin D, kunceda ukulwa neempawu, kwaye kufuneka kuboniswe sisondlo.