8 izifo ezinkulu ezizimeleyo kunye nento oyenzayo

Umxholo

• 1. Inkqubo yeLupus Erythematosus
• 2. Isifo samathambo
• 3. Isifo sokuqinelwa yimithambo esininzi
• 4. IHashimoto's thyroiditis
• 5. I-anemia yeHemolytic
• 6. IVitiligo
• 7. Isifo sikaSjogren
• 8. Chwetheza 1 isifo seswekile

Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo zizifo zibonakaliswa yinkqubo yamajoni omzimba ngokuchasene nomzimba ngokwawo, apho iiseli ezisempilweni zitshatyalaliswa ngumzimba, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwizifo ezithile ezinje nge-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-hemolytic anemia kunye nesifo sikaCrohn, umzekelo, ekufuneka zichongiwe kwaye zinyangwe ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha.

Ukuchongwa kwezifo ezisebenza ngokuzimela komzimba kuqhele ukwenziwa ngokujonga iimpawu ezibonakaliswa ngumntu, ezahluka ngokwesi sifo, nangeemvavanyo ze-immunological, molecular and imaging.

Izifo eziphambili ze-autoimmune zezi:

1. Inkqubo yeLupus Erythematosus

Inkqubo ye-lupus erythematosus, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-SLE, sisifo sokuzimela komzimba apho iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba zihlasela iiseli zomzimba ezisempilweni, zikhokelela kukudumba kumalungu, amehlo, izintso nolusu, umzekelo. Esi sifo senzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwimfuza olubonakala ngexesha lokukhula komntwana kwaye, ke, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iimpawu neempawu ze-SLE zivele kwizigulana ezisencinci.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zeLupus zibonakala kuqhambuko, oko kukuthi, umntu unamaxesha angenazo iimpawu kwaye abanye baneempawu, kwaye eli xesha lihlala libangelwa zizinto eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba okanye ezithanda ukubonakala kokubonakaliswa kweklinikhi, njengokusebenzisa amanye amayeza okanye ukuhlala elangeni ixesha elide.

Olona phawu luphambili lwe-SLE kukubonakala kwendawo ebomvu ebusweni bebhabhathane, kwaye kunokubakho neentlungu kumalungu, ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nokubonakala kwezilonda emlonyeni nasempumlweni. Phambi kwezi mpawu, ugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye i-rheumatologist ibonisa ukusebenza komchamo kunye novavanyo lwegazi olunceda ukugqiba isifo, kunye nobukho beeprotheyini ezinkulu kumchamo, utshintsho kubalo lwegazi kunye nobukho be-autoantibodies qinisekiswa.

Unjani unyango: Unyango lwe-SLE kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwesindululo se-rheumatologist okanye ugqirha jikelele kwaye ijolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukuba zingaveli rhoqo kwaye zibanzi, kuba esi sifo asinanyango. Ke, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iziyobisi ezichasayo, ii-corticosteroids kunye ne-immunosuppressants.

Qonda indlela ekuchongwa ngayo kunye nonyango lwe-lupus erythematosus yenkqubo.

2. Isifo samathambo

I-rheumatoid arthritis ibonakaliswa kukudumba kunye nokudumba kwamalungu ngenxa yesenzo samajoni omzimba nxamnye nomzimba ngokwawo. Unobangela wesifo samathambo awukacaci ncam, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba ezinye izinto zinokuxhasa ukukhula kwesi sifo, njengokosulelwa ziintsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya umzekelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zesifo samathambo, njenge-lupus, zinokuvela zize zinyamalale ngaphandle kwengcaciso, olona lubalulekileyo bubomvu, ukudumba kunye nentlungu kwilungu. Ukongeza, ukuqina kunye nobunzima bokuhambisa ngokudibeneyo, umkhuhlane, ukudinwa kunye nokuqaqamba kungabonwa. Yazi ukuba ungaziqonda njani iimpawu zesifo samathambo.

Unjani unyango: Unyango kufuneka lukhuthazwe yingcali ye-rheumatologist okanye yengcali ngokubanzi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichaseneyo nokuthomalalisa ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zihlala zibonisiwe. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lomzimba lwenziwe ukunqanda umda kuluhlu lwentshukumo yelungu.

3. Isifo sokuqinelwa yimithambo esininzi

I-Multiple sclerosis ibonakaliswa yintshabalalo ye-myelin sheath, esisakhiwo esigubungela ii-neurons kwaye esivumela ukuhanjiswa kwempembelelo yovalo ziiseli zomzimba zokuzikhusela, zikhokelela ekubandakanyekeni kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ze-multiple sclerosis ziyaqhubeka, oko kukuthi, ziya zisiba mbi njengoko kubandakanyeka inkqubo yeemvakalelo, ikhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kwezihlunu, ukudinwa okugqithisileyo, ukubetha ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni, ukuhamba nzima, ukungcola okanye ukungasebenzi komchamo, utshintsho olubonakalayo kunye nokulahleka kwememori, kuba umzekelo. Ke, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, umntu uya esixhomekeka ngakumbi, esiphazamisa ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho wobomi.

Unjani unyango: Unyango lwe-multiple sclerosis luhlala lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhululeka kwempawu, ezinje ngamachiza alwa nokudumba, ii-immunoglobulins kunye ne-corticosteroids. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umntu enze iiseshoni zonyango rhoqo ukuze izihlunu zihlale zisebenza kwaye, ngenxa yoko, i-atrophy epheleleyo inokuthintelwa. Jonga kwividiyo engezantsi ukuba unyango lwe-physiotherapy lwe-multiple sclerosis kufuneka lube njani:

4. IHashimoto's thyroiditis

IHashimoto's thyroiditis ibonakaliswa kukudumba kwedlala ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwamajoni omzimba kwiiseli zedlala, okukhokelela ekwandeni okanye kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo yedlala lengqula, ethi ilandelwe ngumsebenzi ophantsi kungekudala, ukuphuhlisa i-hypothyroidism.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-Hashimoto's thyroiditis ziyafana nezo ze-hypothyroidism, ngokudinwa okugqithisileyo, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukubanda kunye nolusu olumhlophe, ukunganyamezelani kubanda, ukutyeba ngokulula kunye nezihlunu okanye iintlungu.

Njengokuba iimpawu ze-Hashimoto's thyroiditis zifana nezo ze-hypothyroidism, i-endocrinologist ifuna umntu ukuba enze uvavanyo oluthile oluvavanya ukusebenza kwe-thyroid ukuze kuqinisekiswe isifo se-autoimmune kwaye, ngoko ke, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokuqala. Ke, umlinganiso we-T3, T4 kunye ne-TSH unokucetyiswa, ukongeza kumlinganiso we-thyroid antiperoxidase, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-anti-TPO, sisilwi somzimba esiveliswa ngamajoni omzimba anyuswe kwiHashimoto's thyroiditis. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-anti-TPO kunye nokuba kuthetha ntoni xa iphezulu.

Unjani unyango: Unyango lwe-Hashimoto's thyroiditis luboniswa kuphela yi-endocrinologist xa umntu eneempawu, kwimeko apho kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-hormone endaweni ye-Levothyroxine kangangeenyanga ezi-6. Kubalulekile ukuba unake ukutya, utye ukutya okune-iodine, i-zinc kunye ne-selenium, umzekelo, ezizondlo ezithandayo ezisebenza kakuhle kwi-thyroid.

5. I-anemia yeHemolytic

I-hemolytic anemia yenzeka xa amajoni omzimba aqala ukuvelisa ii-antibodies ezisebenza ngokutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, zibangela i-anemia. Olu hlobo lwe-anemia luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abancinci kwaye akukaziwa ncam ukuba kutheni na kukho imveliso yamajoni omzimba ngokuchasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, nangona kunjalo kukholelwa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kusulelo oluthile, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile okanye ubukho be-autoimmune disease bunokuthanda ukubakho kwe-hemolytic anemia.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia zihambelana nokwehla kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ihemoglobin kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ioksijini ejikeleza egazini, kunye nobuthathaka, ukubola, ukungabi namdla, intloko ebuhlungu, iinzipho ezibuthathaka, ukungaphumeleli kwememori, ulusu olomileyo kunye nokugula.

Nangona kuhlala kungenzeki ukuba uchaze unobangela we-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-diagnostic ukukhangela izifo okanye izinto ezibangela ukubala, njengokubala kwegazi, ukubala kwe-reticulocyte, imilinganiselo ye-bilirubin kunye novavanyo lwe-immunological, olufana novavanyo Iibhokisi ezizodwa.

Unjani unyango: Unyango oluboniswe ngugqirha luhlala lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukulawula ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba, njenge-corticosteroids kunye ne-immunosuppressants.Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko ugqirha usenokubonisa ukususwa kwepeni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-splenectomy, njengoko kunjalo kweli lungu apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswayo. Qonda ukuba unyango lwe-hemolytic anemia lwenziwa njani.

6. IVitiligo

I-Vitiligo sisifo esibonakaliswa kukutshatyalaliswa kwee-melanocyte, eziziiseli ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-melanin, into ejongene nombala wolusu. Unobangela we vitiligo awukacaci ncam, nangona kunjalo uhlala unxulunyaniswa nokudodobala kwamajoni omzimba, okukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwee-melanocytes ngamaseli omzimba.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezivelisa i-melanin, amabala amhlophe amaninzi avela kulusu, uphawu lwe-vitiligo. La mabala avela rhoqo kwiindawo ezichanabeke ngakumbi elangeni, njengezandla, iingalo, ubuso nemilebe.

Unjani unyango: Unyango lwe-vitiligo kufuneka lukhokelwe ngugqirha wesikhumba, njengoko umntu efuna ukhathalelo lolusu oluninzi, kuba lubuthathaka ngakumbi, ukongeza kwimfuno yokufaka izithambiso kunye neoyile kunye ne-corticosteroids okanye i-immunosuppressants, ukongeza kwimfuno yonyango lwefoto. .

7. Isifo sikaSjogren

Esi sifo sibonakaliswa kukuveliswa kwee-autoantibodies ezinoxanduva lokudumba okungapheliyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwamadlala omzimba, anjenge-salivary kunye ne-lacrimal gland, ekhokelela ekomeni kweembumba ezinomhlana.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Njengoko amadlala anoxanduva lokuhambisa amanzi kunye nomlomo echaphazelekayo, umzekelo, ezona mpawu ziphambili ziqwalaselwayo ngamehlo nomlomo owomileyo, ubunzima ekuginyeni, ubunzima ekuthetheni ixesha elide, ubuntununtunu obukhulu ekukhanyeni, ukuba bomvu emehlweni kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Esi sifo sinokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yotshintsho ekukhuseleni komzimba okanye ngokunxulumene nezinye izifo ezizimela komzimba, ezinjengesifo samathambo, i-lupus kunye ne-scleroderma. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha acele ukukhangela ii-autoantibodies ukujonga ukuba ngaba sikhona esinye isifo esihambelana noko, ngale ndlela, sibonisa olona nyango lulungileyo.

Unjani unyango: Unyango oluboniswe ngugqirha lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezinikiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamathe angenzakalwanga kunye nokuthambisa iliso wamehlo, ukongeza kunyango lokuchasana nokunyanga, kunokuboniswa. Jonga ezinye iindlela zonyango lweSjogren's syndrome.

8. Chwetheza 1 isifo seswekile

Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile sisifo esizenzekelayo, kuba senzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kweeseli zomzimba zomzimba ukuya kwiiseli zepancreatic ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-insulin, kungakhange kuqatshelwe isixa sokujikeleza kweglucose, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iswekile eninzi iqokelele igazi. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, kodwa kunokwenzeka kubantu abadala abancinci.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene nohlobo lwe-1 yeswekile banomdla wokuchama rhoqo, ukunxanwa okuninzi, indlala egqithileyo kunye nokwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha enze olunye uvavanyo ukongeza kwi-glucose yokuzila kunye ne-hemoglobin eglycated ukuxilonga uhlobo lweswekile, njengoko iimpawu ziyafana nezohlobo lweswekile 2. Yazi umahluko phakathi kohlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.

Unjani unyango: Olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile, ugqirha we-endocrinologist kufuneka abonise ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin ngeedosi ezininzi emini okanye ngohlobo lwempompo, kuba idakada ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukugcina ukujikeleza kwamanqanaba eglucose egazini kulawulwa.