Ngaba Ubusi Buya Kuze Bubi? Oko Ufanele Ukwazi

Umxholo

• Yintoni Ubusi?
• Kutheni Ubusi buhlala ixesha elide kakhulu
• Iphakame kakhulu kwiSwekile kwaye iphantsi kubumanzi
• Inamandla
• Iinyosi zineeEnymes ezikhethekileyo eziNqanda ukukhula kweBacteria
• Ngaba Ubusi Bungonakala Nini?
• Isenokungcoliseka
• Inokuqulatha iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu
• Isenokuphazanyiswa
• Isenokugcinwa ngokuchanekileyo
• Iyakwazi ukucacisa kunye nokuHlahla ngokuhamba kwexesha
• Ungayigcina njani kwaye uyiphathe kakuhle iHoney
• Umgca osezantsi

Ubusi yenye yezona zinto zithandekayo ezindala ezisetyenziswa ngabantu, ezinokusetyenziswa okurekhodiweyo ukubuyela emva njenge-5,500 BC. Kukwakho namahemuhemu ukuba aneempawu ezizodwa, ezihlala ixesha elide.

Uninzi lwabantu luvile ngeembiza zobusi ezafunyanwa emangcwabeni amandulo ase-Egypt, zisakulungile ukutya njengoko zazitywiniwe.

La mabali akhokelele abantu abaninzi ukuba bakholelwe ukuba ubusi abuhambi tu, naphakade.

Kodwa ngaba yinyani leyo?

Eli nqaku liphanda ukuba kutheni ubusi buhlala ixesha elide, kwaye yintoni enokubangela ukuba ihambe kakubi.

Yintoni Ubusi?

Ubusi yinto eswiti, yendalo eveliswa ziinyosi ezivela kwincindi okanye kwimfihlo yezityalo (1,).

Iinyosi zifunxa incindi yeentyatyambo, zixube namathe kunye neeenzyme kwaye uzigcine kwingxowa yobusi. Emva koko bayishiya kwindlwana yabo ukuze ivuthwe kwaye isetyenziswe njengokutya ().

Kuba ukwenziwa kobusi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweenyosi kunye nezityalo kunye neentyatyambo abazisebenzisayo, inokwahluka kakhulu kwincasa kunye nombala, ukusuka kwibala elicacileyo nelingenambala ukuya kumnyama (1).

Ubusi benziwe malunga ne-80% yeswekile kwaye akukho ngaphezulu kwe-18% yamanzi. Inani elichanekileyo limiselwa luhlobo lweenyosi, izityalo, imozulu kunye nokufuma kunye nokulungiswa (1).

Iqulethe ii-asidi ze-organic ezinje nge-gluconic acid, enoxanduva lokujonga incasa yayo eneasidi. Ukongeza, umungu ofunyenwe kubusi obungacocwanga uqulethe iiproteni, ii enzyme, iiamino acid kunye neevithamini (1).

Isondlo, ekuphela kwesondlo esibalulekileyo kubusi siswekile, ine-17.2 yeegramu kunye neekhalori ezingama-65 ngecephe (21 grams) (3).

Kukho imikhondo yezimbiwa, ezinje nge potassium, ngakumbi kwiindidi ezimnyama, nangona izixa zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabinazondlo (1).

Ubusi kukutya okuveliswa ziinyosi kwincindi yezityalo. Iphezulu kwiswekile kwaye inezinto ezilanda umkhondo zezinye izinto ezinje nge-organic acid, i-potassium, iiproteni, ii-enzymes kunye neevithamini.

Kutheni Ubusi buhlala ixesha elide kakhulu

Ubusi bunezinto ezimbalwa ezizodwa ezinceda ukuba zihlale ixesha elide, kubandakanya iswekile ephezulu kunye nokufuma okuncinci, indalo ene-asidi kunye nee-enzyme zokulwa neentsholongwane eziveliswa ziinyosi.

Iphakame kakhulu kwiSwekile kwaye iphantsi kubumanzi

Ubusi benziwe malunga ne-80% yeswekile, enokuthi ithintele ukukhula kweentlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane ezinjengebhaktheriya kunye nefungi ().

Umxholo weswekile ephezulu uthetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic kubusi luphezulu kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba amanzi aphume kwiiseli zeentsholongwane, ayeke ukukhula kunye nokuzala kwawo (, 5).

Ukongeza, ngaphandle kokuqulatha malunga ne-17-18% yamanzi, umsebenzi wamanzi kubusi usezantsi kakhulu ().

Oku kuthetha ukuba iswekile inxibelelana neemolekyuli zamanzi ukuze zingabinakusetyenziswa ngamagciwane kwaye akukho kubila okanye ukonakala kobusi obunokubakho (, 5).

Ukongeza, njengoko ubusi buninzi kakhulu, ioksijini ayinakunyibilika ngokulula kuyo. Oku, kwakhona, kuthintela iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane ekukhuleni okanye ekuveliseni kwakhona ().

Inamandla

I-pH yobusi isusela kwi-3.4 kuye kwi-6.1, ine-pH ephakathi ye-3.9, ene-asidi kakhulu. Esona sizathu siphambili soku kukuba kukho i-gluconic acid, eveliswa ngexesha lokuvuthwa kwencindi (, 5).

Ekuqaleni, kwakucingwa ukuba imeko yeasidi yobusi yayijongene nokuthintela ukukhula kwentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lokuthelekisa iindidi ezinamaxabiso asezantsi nangaphezulu e-pH alufumananga mahluko mkhulu kwimisebenzi ye-antimicrobial (5).

Nangona kunjalo, kwiibhaktheriya ezithile ezinje C. ukubola, E. coli, iStreptococcus kwaye Salmonella, imeko yeasidi ngokuqinisekileyo inenzondo kwaye ithintela ukukhula kwabo (5).

Ngapha koko, ubusi busebenza kakuhle ekubulaleni iintlobo ezithile zebacteria de busetyenziswe kumanxeba okutsha kunye nezilonda ukukhusela nokunyanga izifo (,).

Iinyosi zineeEnymes ezikhethekileyo eziNqanda ukukhula kweBacteria

Ngexesha lokuvelisa ubusi, iinyosi zikhupha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-glucose oxidase kwi-nectar ukunceda ukugcina ubusi (1, 5).

Njengokuba ubusi buvuthwa, i-glucose oxidase iguqula iswekile ibe yi-gluconic acid kwaye ivelise nekhompawundi ebizwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen peroxide (5).

Le hydrogen peroxide kucingelwa ukuba inegalelo kwiipropathi zokulwa neentsholongwane zobusi kwaye ikunceda ukuthintela ukukhula kwamagciwane (1, 5).

Ukongeza, kufunyenwe ubusi buqulathe iintlobo zezinye iikhompawundi ezinjenge polyphenols, flavonoids, methylglyoxal, bee peptides kunye nezinye ii-antibacterial agents, ezinokongeza kwiimpawu zayo zokulwa neentsholongwane ().

Ubusi buneswekile eninzi kunye nokufuma okuphantsi. I-asidi kwaye iqulethe into ekuthiwa yi-hydrogen peroxide. Ezi zinto zintathu zezona zivumela ubusi obugcinwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bugcine ixesha elide.

Ngaba Ubusi Bungonakala Nini?

Nangona iipropati ze-honey-antimicrobial, zingahamba okanye zibangele ukugula phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Oku kubandakanya ukungcola, ukukrexeza, ukugcinwa okungachanekanga kunye nokuthotywa kwexesha.

Isenokungcoliseka

Iintsholongwane zendalo ezikhoyo kubusi zibandakanya ibhaktiriya, igwele kunye nokubumba. Ezi zinokuvela kumungu, ekugayeni kweenyosi, uthuli, umoya, ubumdaka kunye neentyatyambo ().

Ngenxa yeempawu zobusi be-antimicrobial, ezi zinto zihlala zifunyanwa kuphela kumanani amancinci kakhulu kwaye azikwazi ukuphindaphindeka, oko kuthetha ukuba akufuneki kube yinkxalabo yezempilo ().

Nangona kunjalo, ii-spores ze-neurotoxin C. ibhotulinum zifumaneka kwi-5-15% yeesampulu zobusi ngesixa esincinci kakhulu ().

Oku ngokwesiqhelo akunabungozi kubantu abadala, kodwa iintsana ezingaphantsi kobudala bonyaka omnye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zinokukhulisa i-botulism yeentsana ezinokubangela ukonakala kwenkqubo yeemithambo-luvo, ukukhubazeka kunye nokusilela ekuphefumuleni. Ke ngoko, ubusi abulifanelanga eli qela labaselula (,, 9).

Ukongeza, inani elikhulu leentsholongwane kubusi linokubonisa ukungcoliseka okwesibini ngexesha lokulungiswa kwabantu, izixhobo, izikhongozeli, umoya, uthuli, izinambuzane, izilwanyana kunye namanzi ().

Inokuqulatha iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu

Xa iinyosi ziqokelela incindi kwiintlobo ezithile zeentyatyambo, iityhefu zezityalo zinokudluliselwa kubusi ().

Umzekelo owaziwayo wale nto "bubusi obuhlanyayo," obubangelwa ziigreyanotoxins kwincindi evela Rhododendron ponticum kwaye UAzalea pontica. Ubusi obuveliswe kwezi zityalo bunokubangela ukuba nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu kunye neengxaki zesingqi sentliziyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi (,,).

Ukongeza, into eyaziwa ngokuba yihydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) iveliswa ngexesha lokulungiswa kunye nokuguga kobusi ().

Ngelixa olunye uphando lufumene iziphumo ezibi ze-HMF kwezempilo ezinjengokwenzakala kweeseli kunye ne-DNA, ezinye izifundo zikwachaza ezinye zezinto ezinje nge-antioxidative, anti-allergy kunye nepropathi yokuthintela ukudumba ().

Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ziqulathe ngaphezulu kwe-40 mg ye-HMF ngekhilogram yobusi (,).

Isenokuphazanyiswa

Ubusi kukutya okubizayo, okutya ixesha ukuvelisa.

Kananjalo, bekujolise ekukrexezeni iminyaka emininzi. Ukukrexeza kubhekisa ekongezeni iiswiti ezincinci ukunyusa ivolumu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

Ukunciphisa imveliso, iinyosi zinokutyiswa isiraphu yeswekile evela kumbona, ummoba kunye ne-beet iswekile okanye iisiraphu zeswekile zinokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso egqityiweyo (14, 15).

Ukongeza, ukukhawulezisa ukulungiswa, ubusi bunokuvunwa ngaphambi kokuba buvuthwe, okukhokelela kumxholo wamanzi aphezulu nongakhuselekanga (15).

Ngokwesiqhelo, iinyosi zigcina ubusi kwindlu yeenyosi zize ziwunyanzise ukuba ubenamanzi angaphantsi kwe-18%. Ukuba ubusi buvunwa kwangethuba kakhulu umxholo wamanzi ungangaphezulu kwama-25%. Oku kukhokelela kumngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wokuvumba kunye nokungcamla okungalunganga (15).

Isenokugcinwa ngokuchanekileyo

Ukuba ubusi bugcinwe ngokungachanekanga bunokuphulukana nezinye iipropathi ze-antimicrobial, zisulelwe okanye ziqale ukuthotywa.

Xa ishiywe ivulekile okanye ivalwe ngokungafanelekanga, umxholo wamanzi ungaqala ukunyuka ngaphezu kwezinga elikhuselekileyo le-18%, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuvumba.

Ukongeza, iingqayi ezivulekileyo okanye izikhongozeli zinokuvumela ubusi ukuba bungcoliswe ziintsholongwane ezivela kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezi zinokukhula ukuba umxholo wamanzi uphakama kakhulu.

Ukufudumeza ubusi kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu nako kunokuba neziphumo ezibi ngokukhawulezisa ukonakaliswa kombala kunye nencasa kunye nokwandisa umxholo weHMF (16).

Iyakwazi ukucacisa kunye nokuHlahla ngokuhamba kwexesha

Nokuba igcinwe ngokuchanekileyo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ubusi buqaqambe.

Kungenxa yokuba iqulethe iswekile eninzi kunokuba inokunyibilika. Ayithethi ukuba ihambe kakubi kodwa inkqubo ibangela utshintsho oluthile (1).

Ubusi obudityanisiweyo buba mhlophe kwaye bukhanye ngombala. Iya iba opaque ngakumbi endaweni yokucaca, kwaye inokubonakala i-grainy (1).

Kukhuselekile ukuba kungatyiwa. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi ayakhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo yekristallisation, eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuvumba (1, 17).

Ukongeza, ubusi obugcinwe ixesha elide bunokuba mnyama kwaye buqale ukuphulukana nevumba kunye nencasa. Ngelixa oku kungengozi yezempilo, isenokungabi yinto emnandi okanye enomtsalane.

Ubusi bungonakala kakubi xa bungcolisekile, ukuba iinyosi ziqokelela incindi kwizityalo ezithile ezinetyhefu kwaye ukuba ziyaphanjaniswa okanye zigcinwe ngokungachanekanga. I-Crystallization yinkqubo eyenzeka ngokwendalo kwaye ngokubanzi ayithethi ukuba ubusi bakho bonakele.

Ungayigcina njani kwaye uyiphathe kakuhle iHoney

Ukwenza okuninzi kwiipropati zobusi obuhlala ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukuyigcina ngokuchanekileyo.

Eyona nto iphambili yokugcina kukulawula ukufuma. Ukuba amanzi amaninzi angena kubusi bakho, umngcipheko wokuvumba uyonyuka kwaye ungonakala kakubi.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga neendlela ezilungileyo zokugcina (18):

• Gcina kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya: Iijagi okanye iibhotile ezithengiweyo ezivenkileni, iingqayi zeglasi kunye nezitya zentsimbi ezingenazintsimbi ezineziciko zomoya ezingumoya ezifanelekileyo.
• Gcina kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo: Ubusi kufanele ukuba bugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-50 ° F (10 ° C). Nangona kunjalo, ukuyigcina kumaqondo obushushu apholileyo egumbi phakathi kwama-50-70 ° F (10-20 ° C) kulungile.
• Ukubandisa: Ubusi bunokugcinwa kwisikhenkcisi ukuba buyathandwa kodwa bunokuqaqamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye buxinene.
• Ukufudumala ukuba kudityaniswe: Ukuba ubusi buqaqamba, ungayibuyisela kwifom yolwelo ngokufudumeza ngobunono kwaye uyishukumise. Nangona kunjalo, sukuyifudumeza okanye uyibilise kuba iyakuhlisa umbala kunye nencasa yayo.
• Thintela ungcoliseko: Kuphephe ukungcolisa ubusi ngezixhobo ezimdaka ezinje ngeemela okanye iipuni, ezinokuvumela ukukhula kweentsholongwane, igwele kunye nezinto zokubumba.
• Ukuba uyathandabuza, yilahle ngaphandle: Ukuba ubusi bakho buyathandeka, bunamagwebu okanye uqaphela amanzi amaninzi asimahla, kungangcono ukuba ulahle ngaphandle.

Khumbula ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobusi zinokukhangeleka kwaye zingcamle ngokwahlukileyo. Imiyalelo ethile yokugcina, bhekisa kuleyo iprintwe kwileyibhile yemveliso yakho nganye.

Ubusi kufuneka bugcinwe kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa umda wobumanzi obunokungena kwisitya njengoko umxholo wamanzi aphezulu unyusa umngcipheko wokuvumba.

Umgca osezantsi

Ubusi kukutya okumnandi, okuswiti okuvela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala kuxhomekeke kwindawo eveliswe kuyo.

Ngenxa yeswekile ephezulu kunye nomxholo wamanzi asezantsi, kunye nexabiso layo eliphantsi le-pH kunye neepropathi ze-antimicrobial, ubusi bunokuhlala buhlaziyekile iminyaka, amashumi eminyaka okanye nangaphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, inokuhamba kakubi okanye ilahlekelwe sisibheno sayo.

Ubusi bunokungcoliseka ziibhaktheriya, igwele, ukungunda okanye ukungunda, nangona zihlala zingenakuveliswa ngamanani abalulekileyo. Inokuqulatha iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu evela kwizityalo ezithile okanye inokudityaniswa neeswiti zomgangatho ophantsi okanye ukulungiswa.

Ukongeza, ubusi obugcinwe ngokungachanekanga abuyi kuhlala ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuyigcina itywinwe kwisitya esingangeni moya kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo.

Ngokuthenga ubusi kubanikezeli abathembekileyo kunye nokugcina ngokuchanekileyo, bunokonwabelwa ngokukhuselekileyo iminyaka emininzi.