Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo

Ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo (PTSD) luhlobo lwesifo sokukhathazeka. Inokwenzeka emva kokuba ugqithile kwintlungu engathethekiyo ebandakanya isoyikiso sokwenzakala okanye sokufa.

Ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo abazi ukuba kutheni iziganeko ezoyikisayo zibangela i-PTSD kwabanye abantu, kodwa hayi kwabanye. Imfuza yakho, iimvakalelo kunye noseto lwentsapho zinokudlala indima. Uxinzelelo lwangaphambili lweemvakalelo lunokunyusa umngcipheko we-PTSD emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu esenzeke kutshanje.

Nge-PTSD, impendulo yomzimba kwisiganeko soxinzelelo iyatshintshwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, emva komsitho, umzimba uyachacha. Iihormones zoxinzelelo kunye neekhemikhali ezikhutshwa ngumzimba ngenxa yoxinzelelo zibuyela kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Ngesizathu esithile kumntu one-PTSD, umzimba uqhubeka ukhupha iihormones zoxinzelelo kunye neekhemikhali.

I-PTSD inokwenzeka nanini na. Inokwenzeka emva kweziganeko ezinje:

• Uhlaselo
• Iingozi zeemoto
• Ukuxhatshazwa ekhaya
• Iintlekele zendalo
• Ukuhlala entolongweni
• Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo
• Ubunqolobi
• Imfazwe

Kukho iintlobo ezine zeempawu ze-PTSD:

1. Ukuxela umcimbi, ophazamisa umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla

• Iziqendu zeFlashback apho umsitho ubonakala uqhubeka rhoqo
• Ukuphindaphinda iinkumbulo ezicaphukisayo zomsitho
• Amaphupha aphindaphindiweyo omsitho
• Ukomelela, ukusabela okungathandekiyo kwiimeko ezikukhumbuza ngomsitho

2. Ukuphepha

• Ukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo okanye ukuziva ngathi awukhathali ngayo nantoni na
• Ndiziva ndikhutshiwe
• Andikwazi ukukhumbula iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zomsitho
• Andinamdla kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo
• Ukubonisa iimood zakho ezimbalwa
• Ukuphepha iindawo, abantu, okanye iingcinga ezikukhumbuza umsitho
• Uziva ngathi awunakamva

3. Hyperarousal

• Soloko uskena okujikelezileyo ukuze ufumane iimpawu zengozi (hypervigilance)
• Ayikwazi ukugxila
• Ukuothusa ngokulula
• Uziva ucaphukile okanye unomsindo
• Ingxaki yokuwa okanye yokulala

4. Iingcinga ezingalunganga kunye neemvakalelo okanye iimvakalelo

• Ityala eliqhubekayo malunga nomsitho, kubandakanya netyala lomntu osindileyo
• Ukugxeka abanye ngalo msitho
• Ukungakwazi ukukhumbula iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zomsitho
• Ukuphulukana nomdla kwimisebenzi okanye kwabanye abantu

Unokuba neempawu zoxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo:

• Ukuphazamiseka okanye ukonwaba
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukufa isiqaqa
• Ndiva ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho esifubeni sakho
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Umboneleli wakho unokubuza ukuba unexesha elingakanani uneempawu. I-PTSD ifunyaniswa xa uneempawu ubuncinci iintsuku ezingama-30.

Umboneleli wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo, uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwegazi. Oku kwenziwa ukujonga ezinye izifo ezifana ne-PTSD.

Unyango lwe-PTSD lubandakanya unyango lwentetho (iingcebiso), amayeza, okanye zombini.

UNYANGO LOKUTHETHA

Ngexesha lonyango lokuthetha, uthetha nengcali yezempilo yengqondo, enje ngengqondo okanye ugqirha wezonyango, kwindawo ezolileyo neyamkelayo. Banokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho ze-PTSD. Ziyakukukhokela njengoko usebenza kwiimvakalelo zakho malunga nokwenzakala.

Zininzi iintlobo zonyango lonyango. Olunye uhlobo oluhlala lusetyenziselwa i-PTSD lubizwa ngokuba yi-desensitization. Ngexesha lonyango, uyakhuthazwa ukuba ukhumbule isiganeko esibuhlungu kwaye uchaze iimvakalelo zakho malunga naso. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iinkumbulo zomsitho ziye zingoyiki kangako.

Ngexesha lonyango lokuthetha, usenokufunda iindlela zokuphumla, njengaxa uqala ukuba ne-flashbacks.

AMAYEZA

Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza. Banokukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Banokukunceda ulale ngcono. Amayeza afuna ixesha lokusebenza. Sukuyeka ukuzithatha okanye ukutshintsha inani (idosi) oyithathayo ngaphandle kokuthetha nomboneleli wakho. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka kunye nokuba wenze ntoni xa uzifumana.

Amaqela enkxaso, amalungu abo ngabantu abanamava afanayo ne-PTSD, banokuba luncedo. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga namaqela kwindawo yakho.

Amaqela enkxaso ahlala engekho endaweni elungileyo yonyango lwentetho okanye ukuthatha amayeza, kodwa kunokuba luncedo ukongeza.

• Ixhala kunye noMbutho woXinzelelo eMelika-adaa.org
• IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo- www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml

Ukuba ungumntu okhathalela igqala lomkhosi, ungafumana inkxaso kunye nenkuthazo kwiSebe laseMelika leMicimbi yamaGqala ku-www.ptsd.va.gov.

I-PTSD inokunyangwa. Unokonyusa ithuba lesiphumo esihle:

• Jonga umboneleli kwangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba une-PTSD.
• Thatha inxaxheba kunyango lwakho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yomboneleli wakho.
• Yamkela inkxaso kwabanye.
• Khathalela impilo yakho. Zilolonge kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni.
• Musa ukusela utywala okanye usebenzise iziyobisi. Oku kunokwenza iPTSD yakho ibe mandundu.

Nangona iimeko ezibuhlungu zinokubangela uxinzelelo, ayizizo zonke iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo eziimpawu zePTSD. Thetha malunga neemvakalelo zakho nabahlobo kunye nezihlobo. Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphuculanga msinyane okanye zikucaphukisa kakhulu, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho.

Funa uncedo kwangoko ukuba:

• Uziva uphelelwe ngamandla
• Ucinga ngokuzenzakalisa wena okanye omnye umntu
• Awunakho ukulawula indlela oziphethe ngayo
• Unezinye iimpawu eziphazamisayo zePTSD

PTSD

• Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo

Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Trauma- kunye noxinzelelo olunxulumene noxinzelelo. Ku: Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika, u-ed. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 265-290.

UDekel S, Gilbertson MW, Orr SP, Rauch SL, Wood NE, Pitman RK. Umothuko kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 34.

U-Lyness JM. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunyango. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 369.

IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo iwebhusayithi. Ukuxhalaba. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoJuni 17, 2020.