Ngaba i-Medicare igubungela inyumoniya?

Umxholo

• Unyango ngamayeza okugonya inyumoniya
• Icandelo B ukugubungela
• Icandelo le-C
• Ixabisa malini izitofu zokuthintela inyumoniya?
• Yintoni ugonyo lwepneumonia?
• Yintoni inyumoniya?
• Iimpawu ze-pneumococcal pneumonia
• Ukuthatha

• Amayeza okugonya iPneumococcal anokunceda ekuthinteleni ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane yenyumoniya.
• Izikhokelo zeCDC zamva nje zibonisa ukuba abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu kufuneka bafumane iyeza lokugonya.
• Icandelo leMedicare B ligubungela iipesenti ezili-100 zazo zombini iintlobo zezigonyo zenyumoniya ezikhoyo.
• Izicwangciso zeMedicare zeCandelo C kufuneka zikhusele zombini izitofu zenyumoniya, kodwa imigaqo yenethiwekhi inokusebenza.

I-pneumonia sisifo esiqhelekileyo esibandakanya enye okanye yomibini imiphunga. Ukudumba, ubofu, kunye nolwelo kunokwakha kwimiphunga, kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumla. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC), abantu ba tyelela igumbi eliphuthumayo ngonyaka ngamnye ngenxa ye-pneumonia.

Ukugonywa kwe-pneumococcal kunokuthintela ukosuleleka okuqhelekileyo ziintsholongwane IStreptococcus pneumoniae. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokugonya inyumoniya ukukhusela iintlobo ezithile zebacteria.

Ngethamsanqa, ukuba unayo i-Medicare Part B okanye iCandelo C, uya kugutyungelwa ngazo zombini ezi ntlobo ze-pneumococcal vaccines.

Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwizitofu zenyumoniya kunye nendlela amayeza azigubungela ngayo.

Unyango ngamayeza okugonya inyumoniya

Uninzi lwezitofu zokuthintela zigutyungelwe phantsi kweCandelo D, icandelo leziyobisi likagqirha leMedicare. Icandelo leMedicare B ligubungela amayeza athile okugonya, njengezitofu zokuthintela inyumoniya. Izicwangciso zeMedicare Advantage, ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba yiCandelo C, zikwabandakanya izitofu zokuthintela inyumoniya, kunye nezinye izitofu onokuzifuna.

Ukuba ubhalise kwi-Medicare yoqobo (Icandelo A kunye neCandelo B), okanye isicwangciso seCandelo C, uyafaneleka ngokuzenzekelayo kwizitofu zenyumoniya. Kuba zimbini iintlobo zokugonya inyumoniya, wena nogqirha wakho niza kuthatha isigqibo sokuba niyayifuna na okanye zombini ezi zitofu. Siza kungena kwiinkcukacha zeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kamva.

Icandelo B ukugubungela

Icandelo leMedicare B ligubungela ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokugonya:

• ugonyo lomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
• Ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B (kwabo basemngciphekweni omkhulu)
• izitofu zokugonya zepneumococcal (zentsholongwane IStreptococcus pneumoniae)
• I-tetanus shot (unyango emva kokuvezwa)
• umgada (unyango emva kokubhencwa)

Icandelo B lihlawula iipesenti ezingama-80 zeendleko xa u tyelela ababoneleli abavunyiweyo beMedare. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zindleko zangaphandle epokothweni ezigutyungelwe iCandelo B. Oko kuthetha ukuba, uyakuhlawula i-0 yedola ngesitofu sokugonya, ukuba nje umboneleli wamkela isabelo se-Medicare.

Ababoneleli abamkela isabelo bayavuma kwiirhafu ezivunyiweyo zeMedare, zihlala ziphantsi kunamaxabiso aqhelekileyo. Ababoneleli bezitofu banokuba ngoogqirha okanye oosokhemisti. Unokufumana umboneleli ovunyiweyo we-Medicare apha.

Icandelo le-C

I-Medicare Icandelo C, okanye iiplani ze-Medicare Advantage, zizicwangciso ze-inshurensi zabucala ezibonelela ngezibonelelo ezifanayo njengezixhobo zokuqala ze-Medicare A kunye no-B kunye nezinye iindlela zokhetho. Ngokomthetho, izicwangciso ze-Medicare Advantage ziyacelwa ukuba zinikeze ubuninzi obulinganayo bokusasazwa njenge-Medicare yoqobo, ke uya kuthi uhlawule i-0 yeedosi zokugonya inyumoniya ngezi zicwangciso.

Izicwangciso ze-Medicare Advantage zihlala zinemiqobo efuna ukuba usebenzise ababoneleli ngeenkonzo abakucwangciso lwenethiwekhi. Jonga uluhlu lwesicwangciso sakho sabanikezeli benethiwekhi ngaphambi kokwenza idinga lokugonywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindleko ziya kuhlawulwa.

Ixabisa malini izitofu zokuthintela inyumoniya?

Icandelo leMedicare B ligubungela iipesenti ezili-100 zeendleko zokugonya kwe-pneumococcal ngaphandle kokuhlawulwa okanye ezinye iindleko. Jonga ukuba umboneleli wakho uyalwamkela ulwabiwo lwe-Medicare phambi kotyelelo ukuze aqinisekise ngenkxaso epheleleyo.

Iindleko zesicwangciso seCandelo B ngo-2020 zibandakanya ipremiyamu yenyanga eyi- $ 144.60 kunye nokutsalwa kwe- $ 198.

Kukho izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ze-Medicare Advantage ezinikezelwa ziinkampani zeinshurensi zabucala. Ngamnye uza neendleko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphonononga izibonelelo kunye neendleko zesicwangciso ngasinye ngohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho kunye neemfuno engqondweni ukwenza olona khetho lufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.

Yintoni ugonyo lwepneumonia?

Okwangoku zimbini iintlobo zokugonya i-pneumococcal egubungela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo oluqhelekileyo lweebhaktiriya (IStreptococcus pneumoniaeenokukhokelela kwinyumoniya. Olu hlobo lweebhaktheriya lubeka umngcipheko kubantwana abancinci kodwa lunokuba semngciphekweni nakwabo bakhulileyo okanye babeka kakubi amajoni omzimba.

Izitofu zokugonya ezimbini zezi:

• isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13 okanye Prevnar 13)
• isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23 okanye iPneumovax 23)

Ngokwedatha yakutshanje, iKomiti yeeNgcebiso ngeCDC kwiNkqubo yokuGonya icebisa ukuba abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu bafumane iPneumovax 23.

Nangona kunjalo, omabini amayeza okugonya anokufuneka kwiimeko ezithile xa kukho umngcipheko omkhulu. Ezi meko zinokubandakanya:

• ukuba uhlala kwikhaya labongikazi okanye indawo yokhathalelo yexesha elide
• ukuba uhlala kwindawo enabantwana abaninzi abangagonywanga
• ukuba uhamba usiya kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi abangagonywanga

Nalu uthelekiso phakathi kwezitofu zokugonya ezimbini ezikhoyo:

Izitofu zokuthintela inyumoniya zinokuthintela usulelo olunzulu kolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwebacteria ye-pneumococcal.

Ngokuka, kubantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu, isitofu sokugonya se-PCV13 sine-75% yenqanaba lokusebenza kwaye isitofu sokugonya se-PPSV23 sinenqanaba lokusebenza kwe-50% ukuya kwi-85% ngokubhekisele ekukhuseleni abantu kwisifo se-pneumococcal.

Xoxa ngemingcipheko yakho nogqirha wakho ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba niyazifuna zombini i-PCV13 kunye ne-PPSV23 okanye ukuba ifoto enye yanele. Icandelo B liza kugubungela zombini iifotsholo ukuba ziyafuneka kwaye zinikwe ubuncinci unyaka omnye ngokwahlukeneyo. Kubantu abaninzi, enye iPPSV23 yokudubula yanele.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya i-pneumococcal zihlala ziphakathi. Ziquka:

• iintlungu kwindawo yenaliti
• ukudumba
• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu

Yintoni inyumoniya?

Usulelo lwepneumococcal olubangelwa IStreptococcus pneumoniae Unokuba mncinci kwaye uqheleke njengosulelo lwendlebe okanye usulelo lwe-sinus. Nangona kunjalo, xa usulelo lusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba, lunokuba lubi kwaye lubangele inyumoniya, i-meningitis, kunye ne-bacteremia (intsholongwane egazini).

Abanye abantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yimiphunga. Babandakanya abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, abantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu, abo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kunye nabo banezinye iimeko zempilo ezingapheliyo ezinje ngesifo seswekile, i-COPD, okanye i-asthma.

I-pneumonia inokusasazeka ngokuthimla, ukukhohlela, ukuchukumisa indawo enesifo, kunye nokuba kwiindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu osulelo njengezibhedlele. Ngokuka, malunga ne-1 kwabangama-20 abantu abadala ababhubha ngenxa yenyumoniya (usulelo lwemiphunga) ukuba bayayifumana.

Iimpawu ze-pneumococcal pneumonia

Ngokwe-American Lung Association, iimpawu ze-pneumococcal pneumonia zingabandakanya:

• umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukubila, ukungcangcazela
• ukukhohlela
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukuphelelwa ngumdla, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha
• ukudinwa
• ukudideka

Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iincam zeminwe, iintlungu esifubeni, umkhuhlane omkhulu, okanye ukhohlokhohlo oluncinci.

Ngokudibanisa nezitofu zokugonya, ungonyusa iinzame ngokuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukutya ukutya okusempilweni, kunye nokunciphisa ukubonwa kwabantu abagulayo xa kunokwenzeka.

Ukuthatha

• Usulelo lwe-pneumococcal luqhelekile kwaye lunokuba ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.
• Amayeza okugonya inyumoniya anciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-pneumococcal.
• Icandelo leMedicare B ligubungela iipesenti ezili-100 zeendidi zeentlobo ezimbini zokugonya inyumoniya.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba ufuna ukuthatha zombini izitofu. I-PCV13 inikwa kuqala, ilandelwe yi-PPSV23 ubuncinci unyaka omnye kamva.