Yintoni i-Allergy?

Umxholo

• Kutheni le nto ukwaliwa sisiyobisi kwenzeka?
• Ngaba ukwaliwa ngamachiza kuhlala kuyingozi?
• Ukuphendula okwe-allergen
• Zeziphi iziyobisi ezibangela ukungavisisani neziyobisi?
• Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neziyobisi?
• Uphathwa njani amayeza anyanga?
• AmaNtsholongwane
• ICorticosteroids
• Iibronchodilators
• Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide yomntu onesifo sokungabikho komzimba?
• Thetha nogqirha wakho

Intshayelelo

Ukunganyangeki ngamachiza kukunganyangeki ngamayeza. Ngempendulo engahambelaniyo, amajoni akho omzimba, alwa nosulelo kunye nezifo, ayasabela kwichiza. Le mpendulo inokubangela iimpawu ezinjengokukhawuleza, umkhuhlane kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla.

Ukunyanga kweziyobisi kunyani akuqhelekanga. Ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 zokuphendula gwenxa kweziyobisi kubangelwa kukungabikho komzimba okwenene Ezinye ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeziyobisi. Konke kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngaba uneyeza lokungazinzi kwiziyobisi kwaye kufuneka wenze ntoni ngalo.

Kutheni le nto ukwaliwa sisiyobisi kwenzeka?

Amajoni akho omzimba ayakhusela kwizifo. Yenzelwe ukulwa nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe njengeentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iiparasites, kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ngokunganyangeki ngamachiza, amajoni akho omzimba ayaphazama ichiza elingena emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yaba bahlaseli. Ukuphendula koko icinga ukuba kuyisoyikiso, amajoni akho omzimba aqala ukwenza izilwa-buhlungu. Ezi ziiproteni ezizodwa ezicwangciselwe ukuhlasela umhlaseli. Kule meko, bahlasela iyeza.

Le mpendulo yamajoni omzimba ikhokelela kukonyuka kokudumba, okunokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngerhashalala, umkhuhlane, okanye ingxaki yokuphefumla. Impendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba inokwenzeka okokuqala xa uthatha iyeza, okanye isenokungabikho de kube emva kokuba uthathe izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Ngaba ukwaliwa ngamachiza kuhlala kuyingozi?

Hayi rhoqo. Iimpawu zonyango lokungabikho kweziyobisi zinokuba mncinci kangangokuba ungaziqapheli. Awunakufumana nto ngaphandle kokukhawuleza okuncinci.

Ukunganyangeki ngamachiza amabi, nangona kunjalo, kunokubusongela ubomi. Ingabangela i-anaphylaxis. I-Anaphylaxis ngesiquphe, isongela ubomi, ukusabela komzimba wonke kwichiza okanye kwesinye isifo. Impendulo ye-anaphylactic inokwenzeka kwimizuzu emva kokuba uthathe ichiza. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kweeyure ezili-12 zokuthatha iyeza. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukudumba
• ukungabikho zingqondweni

I-Anaphylaxis inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa kwangoko. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu emva kokuthatha iyeza, cela umntu abize i-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane.

Ukuphendula okwe-allergen

Amanye amachiza anokubangela ukusabela kohlobo lwe-anaphylaxis xa zisetyenziswa okokuqala. Iziyobisi ezinokubangela impendulo efana ne-anaphylaxis ibandakanya:

• Imofini
• Iasprini
• amanye amayeza e-chemotherapy
• idayi esetyenziswe kwezinye ii-X-ray

Olu hlobo lokuphendula alubandakanyi amajoni omzimba kwaye ayisiyiyo inyani yokwaliwa. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kunye nonyango ziyafana ne-anaphylaxis yokwenyani, kwaye iyingozi.

Zeziphi iziyobisi ezibangela ukungavisisani neziyobisi?

Amachiza ahlukeneyo aneempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ebantwini. Oko kwathiwa, ezinye iziyobisi zihlala zibangela ukuphendula ngakumbi kunabanye. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-antibiotics efana ne-penicillin kunye ne-sulfa antibiotics njenge-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
• Iasprini
• amayeza angasebenziyo okulwa nokudumba, afana ne-ibuprofen
• ii-anticonvulsants ezinjenge-carbamazepine kunye ne-lamotrigine
• iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody efana ne-trastuzumab kunye ne-ibritumomab tiuxetan
• iziyobisi ngamachiza ezinje nge-paclitaxel, i-docetaxel, kunye ne-procarbazine

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neziyobisi?

Ukunganyangeki ngamachiza kuchaphazela kuphela abantu abathile. Ihlala ibandakanya amajoni omzimba kwaye ihlala ibangela iziphumo ezibi.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka kuye nawuphina umntu othatha ichiza. Kananjalo, ayibandakanyi amajoni omzimba.Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kuko nakuphi na isenzo sesiyobisi esinobungozi okanye esincedayo-esingahambelani nomsebenzi ophambili weziyobisi.

Umzekelo, iasprini, esetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu, ihlala ibangela iziphumo ebezingalunganga zesisu. Nangona kunjalo, ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziluncedo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokufa icala. I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol), ekwasetyenziselwa iintlungu, inokubangela nokonakala kwesibindi. Kwaye i-nitroglycerin, esetyenziselwa ukwandisa imithambo yegazi kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi, inokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo njengeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Uphathwa njani amayeza anyanga?

Ulawula njani ukungabikho komzimba kweziyobisi kuxhomekeke ekubeni kunzima kangakanani. Ngempendulo ebukhali kwichiza, kuyakufuneka uphephe iziyobisi ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuzama ukutshintsha ichiza ngenye eyahlukileyo ongadibani nayo.

Ukuba unempembelelo encinci kumayeza, ugqirha wakho usenokukunikezela. Kodwa banokuyalela elinye iyeza ukunceda ukulawula indlela osabela ngayo. Amanye amayeza anokunceda ukuthintela ukuphendula komzimba kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. Oku kubandakanya:

AmaNtsholongwane

Umzimba wakho wenza i-histamine xa ucinga into ethile, njenge-allergen, iyingozi. Ukukhutshwa kwe-histamine kunokubangela ukungabikho komzimba njengokudumba, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukucaphuka. I-antihistamine ibhloka kwimveliso ye-histamine kwaye inokunceda ukuzolalisa ezi mpawu zokungalungeli komzimba. I-Antihistamines iza njengeepilisi, ukuhla kwamehlo, iikhrim kunye neempumlo zempumlo.

ICorticosteroids

Ukunyangwa kweziyobisi kunokubangela ukudumba kweendlela zakho zomoya kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinzulu. ICorticosteroids inokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba okukhokelela kwezi ngxaki. ICorticosteroids iza njengeepilisi, iiprayipi zempumlo, amathontsi wamehlo, kunye neekhrim. Ziza kwakhona njengomgubo okanye ulwelo lokusetyenziswa kwi-inhaler kunye nolwelo ngenaliti okanye ukusetyenziswa kwi-nebulizer.

Iibronchodilators

Ukuba ichiza lakho lokungezwani komzimba libanga ukuvutha okanye ukukhohlela, ugqirha unokucebisa i-bronchodilator. Eli yeza liza kukunceda uvule iindlela zakho zomoya kwaye wenze nokuphefumla kube lula. Iibronchodilators ziza kwifom engamanzi kunye nepowder yokusetyenziswa kwi-inhaler okanye kwi-nebulizer.

Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide yomntu onesifo sokungabikho komzimba?

Amajoni akho omzimba anokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kungenzeka ukuba ukungabikho komzimba kuyancipha, kuhamba, okanye kube nzima. Ke, kubalulekile ukuhlala ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngendlela yokulawula ichiza. Ukuba bakuxelela ukuba uphephe ichiza okanye iziyobisi ezifanayo, qiniseka ukwenza njalo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu yonyango lokungabikho komzimba okanye nayiphi na imiphumo emibi evela kunyango oyithathayo, xela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba uyazi ukuba uxabisa nasiphi na isiyobisi, thatha la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Qiniseka ukuba uxelela bonke ababoneleli bakho bezonyango. Oku kubandakanya ugqirha wakho wamazinyo kunye nawuphi na omnye umboneleli onokuthi akhuphe amayeza.
• Cinga ukuphatha ikhadi okanye ukunxiba isacholo okanye isacholo somqala esibonisa ukunganyangeki kweziyobisi. Ngexesha likaxakeka, olu lwazi lunokusindisa ubomi bakho.

Buza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo malunga nokungezwani komzimba nawe. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ngaba loluphi uhlobo lokungaziphathi kakuhle xa kufuneka ndithathe eli chiza?
• Ngaba zikhona ezinye iziyobisi ekufuneka ndiziphephe ngenxa yokungabikho komzimba?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndibenazo naziphi na iziyobisi ezandleni zam xa ndinokuthi ndibenokugula?