Uyichonga njani kwaye uyiphathe njani iRash Rash

Umxholo

• Yintoni irhashalala yeziyobisi?
• Zibonakala njani iziyobisi?
• Irhashalala elingathethekiyo
• Urticarial irhashalala
• Impendulo ye-photosensitivity
• I-Erythroderma
• Isifo i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) kunye ne-epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
• I-anticoagulant-indened necrosis yolusu
• Ukuphendula ngeziyobisi nge-eosinophilia kunye neempawu zesistim (IDONSI)
• Kutheni kusenzeka irhashalala yeziyobisi?
• Zinyangwa njani iziyobisi?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Yintoni irhashalala yeziyobisi?

Irhashalala yeziyobisi, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukuqhuma kweziyobisi, sisenzo isikhumba sakho esinokuba naso kwiziyobisi ezithile.

Phantse naliphi na ichiza linokubangela irhashalala. Kodwa ii-antibiotics (ngakumbi iipenicillin kunye neziyobisi ze-sulfa), ii-NSAID, kunye neziyobisi ezichasene nokubanjwa zezona ziyobisi ziqhelekileyo ezibangela irhashalala.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zerhashalala kunye nendlela yokuzilawula.

Zibonakala njani iziyobisi?

Uninzi lwamachiza amachiza alinganayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zibonakala ngokufanayo kuwo omabini amalungu omzimba wakho.

Irhashalala yeziyobisi nayo ayithandi ukudala naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ngaphandle kokubonakala kwazo, nangona ezinye zikhatshwa kukurhawuzelela okanye ukuthamba.

Ngokwesiqhelo unokwahlula irhashalala kwezinye iziyobisi kuba zihlala zihambelana nokuqala ichiza elitsha. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kunokuthatha ichiza ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini ukubangela irhashalala.

Irhashalala ihlala inyamalala wakuba uyekile ukuthatha iyeza.

Nanku ukukhangela kwezinye iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo.

Irhashalala elingathethekiyo

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lweziyobisi, ezenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zamatyala. Iphawulwe ngamanxeba amancinci kulusu olubomvu. Ezi zilonda zinokuphakanyiswa okanye zicaba. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokwazi ukubona i-blisters kunye nezilonda ezizalisiweyo.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zerhashalala leziyobisi zibandakanya:

• iipenicillins
• iziyobisi zesulfa
• cephalosporins
• iziyobisi ezichasene nokuhlutha
• Zonke iinkonzo ze-intanethi

Urticarial irhashalala

I-Urticaria lelinye igama lemingxuma. Imingci iluhlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo lweziyobisi. Zincinci, zibomvu izibomvu ezibomvu ezinokuthi zenze iindawo ezinkulu. Imihlambi ihlala irhawuzelela kakhulu.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zerhashalala lweziyobisi zibandakanya:

• iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (i-NSAID)
• I-ACE inhibitors
• Iintsholongwane, ngakumbi ipenicillin
• iintlungu jikelele

Impendulo ye-photosensitivity

Amanye amachiza angenza ulusu lwakho lubonakale ngakumbi kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Oku kungakhokelela ekutshisweni lilanga xa uphumela ngaphandle ngaphandle kokhuseleko olufanelekileyo.

Iziyobisi ezihlala kwi-photosensitivity zibandakanya:

• Iintsholongwane ezithile, kubandakanya i-tetracycline
• iziyobisi zesulfa
• izinto zokubulala iintlungu
• antihistamines
• ii-retinoids, ezinje nge-isotretinoin
• imigaqo
• womchamo
• ezinye ii-NSAID

I-Erythroderma

Olu hlobo lubangela phantse lonke ulusu ukuba lurhawuzelele kwaye lube bomvu. Ulusu lunokukhula lube ne-scaly kwaye luzive lushushu ngaphandle kwebala. Umkhuhlane unokuvela.

Amachiza amaninzi anokubangela i-erythroderma, kubandakanya:

• iziyobisi zesulfa
• iipenicillins
• iziyobisi ezichasene nokuhlutha
• chloroquine
• Zonke iinkonzo ze-intanethi
• isoniazid

Imeko esempilweni enokubangela i-erythroderma.

I-Erythroderma ingaba yingozi kwaye isongela ubomi. Funa unyango kwangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba lolu luhlobo lokuqubha onalo.

Isifo i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) kunye ne-epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

I-SJS kunye ne-TEN zithathwa njengemeko efanayo, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini:

• I-SJS ibandakanya ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zomzimba.
• I-TEN ibandakanya ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-30 zomzimba.

I-SJS kunye ne-TEN ziphawulwe ngamadyungudyungu amakhulu, abuhlungu. Banokubangela ukuba iindawo ezinkulu zoluhlu oluphezulu lolusu lwakho ziphume, zishiya izilonda eziluhlaza, ezivulekileyo.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene neziyobisi zibandakanya:

• iziyobisi zesulfa
• iziyobisi ezichasene nokuhlutha
• ezinye ii-NSAID
• Zonke iinkonzo ze-intanethi
• nevirapine

I-SJS kunye ne-TEN ziimpawu ezinzulu ezingasongela ubomi. Zombini zifuna unyango kwangoko.

I-anticoagulant-indened necrosis yolusu

Abanye abacoci gazi, abanjenge warfarin, banokubangela isikhumba se-necrosis esibangelwa yi-anticoagulant. Oku kubangela ukuba ulusu lube bomvu kwaye lube buhlungu.

Ekugqibeleni, izicwili ezingaphantsi kolusu ziyafa. Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka kuphela ekuqaleni kokuthatha idosi ephezulu kakhulu yegazi elincinci.

I-anticoagulant-indened isikhumba necrosis sisenzo esibi esifuna unyango kwangoko.

Ukuphendula ngeziyobisi nge-eosinophilia kunye neempawu zesistim (IDONSI)

UKUNXIBA luhlobo olunqabileyo lweziyobisi ezinokubeka ubomi emngciphekweni. Kungathatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu ukuba iimpawu zivele emva kokuqala ichiza elitsha.

Irhashalala enxibe ibukeka bomvu kwaye ihlala iqala ebusweni nasemzimbeni ongasentla. Iimpawu ezihamba kunye nazo zinzima kwaye zinokubandakanya amalungu angaphakathi. Ziquka:

• ifiva
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• ukudumba kobuso
• intlungu etshayo nolusu olurhawuzayo
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• ukonakala komzimba

Iziyobisi ezinokubangela i-DRESS zibandakanya:

• ii-anticonvulsants
• Zonke iinkonzo ze-intanethi
• abacavir
• minocycline
• isulfasalazine
• Iiproton pump inhibitors

UKUNXIBA sisenzo esibi kakhulu esifuna unyango kwangoko.

Kutheni kusenzeka irhashalala yeziyobisi?

Ukukhawuleza kweziyobisi kunye nokusabela kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kuquka:

• impendulo engavumiyo
• ulwakhiwo lweziyobisi ezibangela ityhefu kulusu
• iyeza lenza ukuba ulusu lubuthathaka ngakumbi kukukhanya kwelanga
• ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi ezibini nangaphezulu

Ngamanye amaxesha iziyobisi zinokuthi zivele kwaye zikhule ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa irhashalala yeziyobisi, njengokuba mdala kunye nomntu obhinqileyo.

Eminye imingcipheko ibandakanya ukuba:

• usulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nokuthatha isibulala-zintsholongwane
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yemeko engaphantsi okanye elinye ichiza
• umhlaza

Zinyangwa njani iziyobisi?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, irhashalala iyeza iyodwa xa uyekile ukuthatha ichiza ebangele ukuba urhwaphilize.

Ukuba ukugqithisa kukugqithisa kakhulu, i-antihistamine okanye i-steroid yomlomo inokukunceda ukulawula ukubetha kude kube lula ukukhawuleza.

Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho kuqala ngaphambi kokuyeka iyeza. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uthathe iziyobisi ezininzi. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kukulandela isicwangciso esithile sokuyekisa ichiza ngalinye de ufumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela impendulo.

Ukuba une-urticaria eqatha, i-erythroderma, i-SJS / TEN, i-anticoagulant-indened necrosis, okanye i-DRESS, uyakufuna unyango olunzulu ngakumbi. Oku kunokubandakanya i-intravenous steroids kunye ne-hydration.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, irhashalala yeziyobisi ayisiyiyo into yokukhathazeka. Zihlala zicacile xa uyeka ukuthatha iyeza. Qiniseka nje ukuba uyathetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka nasiphi na isiyobisi esimiselweyo.

Ngeempawu zerhashalala elinamandla kakhulu, intloko ukuya kukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo okanye isibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda iingxaki.