Ukuqonda iDyslexia yaBantwana

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zedyslexia?
• Yintoni ebangela idyslexia?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-dyslexia?
• Luthini unyango lwedyslexia?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantwana abane-dyslexia?
• Ukuthatha

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IDyslexia sisifo sokufunda esichaphazela indlela abantu ababhala ngayo kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, bathetha ulwimi. IDyslexia ebantwaneni ihlala ibangela ukuba abantwana babe nobunzima ekufundeni ukubhala nokubhala ngokuzithemba.

Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba i-dyslexia inokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-15 ukuya kwezingama-20 zabemi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Yintoni eyenziwa yidyslexia hayi Ngaba ukumisela ukuba umntu uza kuphumelela kangakanani. Uphando e-United States nase-United Kingdom lufumanise ukuba ipesenti enkulu yoosomashishini baxela iimpawu zedyslexia.

Ngapha koko, amabali abantu abaphumeleleyo abane-dyslexia banokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi. Omnye umzekelo nguMaggie Aderin-Pocock, PhD, MBE, isazinzulu sasemajukujukwini, injineli ngoomatshini, umbhali, kunye nomsasazi wenkqubo kanomathotholo ye-BBC “Isibhakabhaka ebusuku.”

Nangona uGqirha Aderin-Pocock wayesokola kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala esikolweni, waqhubeka nokufumana izidanga ezininzi. Namhlanje, ukongeza ekusingatheni inkqubo eyaziwayo ye-BBC kanomathotholo, upapashe iincwadi ezimbini ezichaza ngeenkwenkwezi kubantu abangazizo izazinzulu zesithuba.

Kubafundi abaninzi, i-dyslexia ayinakho nokuthintela ukusebenza kwabo kwizifundo.

Zithini iimpawu zedyslexia?

IDyslexia ebantwaneni inokubonisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Khangela ezi mpawu ukuba unomdla wokuba umntwana abe ne-dyslexia:

• Abantwana abasaqala isikolo bangajika izandi xa bethetha amagama. Banokuba nobunzima kwizicengcelezo okanye ngokuqamba amagama nokuqonda oonobumba.
• Abantwana abakwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo banokufunda ngokucothayo kunabanye abafundi bakwibanga elifanayo. Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukufunda, banokuyiphepha imisebenzi ebandakanya ukufunda.
• Basenokungakuqondi oko bakufundayo kwaye banokuba nobunzima ekuphenduleni imibuzo malunga neetekisi.
• Banokuba nengxaki yokubeka izinto ngokulandelelana kwazo.
• Banokuba nobunzima ngokubiza amagama amatsha.
• Ebusheni, ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala abancinci banokuqhubeka ukunqanda imisebenzi yokufunda.
• Banokuba nengxaki kupelo okanye ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini.
• Banokucothisa ukuqhubekeka okanye ukushwankathela oko bakufundayo.

I-Dyslexia inokubonakala yahlukile kubantwana abohlukeneyo, ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unxibelelana nootitshala bomntwana njengoko ukufunda kuyinxalenye enkulu yosuku lwesikolo.

Yintoni ebangela idyslexia?

Nangona abaphandi bengekayifumani into ebangela i-dyslexia, kubonakala ngathi kukho umahluko kwimithambo-luvo kubantu abane-dyslexia.

bafumanise ukuba i-corpus callosum, eyindawo yobuchopho edibanisa ii-hemispheres ezimbini, inokwahluka phakathi kwabantu abane-dyslexia. Icandelo le-hemisphere yasekhohlo linokwahluka kubantu abane-dyslexia. Akucaci ukuba lo mahluko ubangela i-dyslexia, nangona.

Abaphandi bachonge iijini ezininzi ezinxulunyaniswe nokwahluka kwengqondo. Oku kuye kwabakhokelela ekucebiseni ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekhona isiseko semfuza sedyslexia.

Ikwabonakala ngathi iyasebenza kwiintsapho. ibonisa ukuba abantwana abane-dyslexia bahlala benabazali abane-dyslexia. Kwaye ezi mpawu zebhayiloji zinokukhokelela ekwahlukaneni kwendalo.

Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba abanye abazali abane-dyslexia banokwabelana ngamava okufunda kwangoko nabantwana babo.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-dyslexia?

Ukuze umntwana wakho afumane isigulo esiqinisekileyo sedyslexia, uvavanyo olupheleleyo luyimfuneko. Inxalenye ephambili yoku iya kuba luvavanyo lwemfundo. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya iliso, indlebe, kunye novavanyo lwe-neurological. Ukongeza, inokubandakanya imibuzo malunga nembali yosapho lomntwana wakho kunye nemeko yokufunda nokubhala ekhaya.

Abantu abaKhubazekileyo beMfundo yeMfundo (IDEA) baqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abakhubazekileyo banokufikelela kungenelelo lwemfundo. Ukusukela ukucwangciswa kunye nokufumana uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-dyslexia ngamanye amaxesha kunokuthatha iiveki ezininzi okanye ngaphezulu, abazali kunye nootitshala banokuthatha isigqibo sokuqalisa imiyalelo eyongezelelweyo yokufunda ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zaziwe.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uphendula ngokukhawuleza kwimiyalelo eyongezelelweyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-dyslexia ayisosifo sisiso.

Ngelixa uninzi lovavanyo lwenziwa esikolweni, unokufuna ukuthatha umntwana wakho aye kugqirha ukuze axoxe ngovavanyo olupheleleyo ukuba abafundanga kwinqanaba lebakala, okanye ukuba uyazibona ezinye iimpawu zedyslexia, ngakumbi ukuba unayo Imbali yosapho yokukhubazeka kokufunda.

Luthini unyango lwedyslexia?

Kufunyenwe ukuba ukufundiswa kwezandi kunokuphucula kakhulu amandla okufunda kwabafundi abane-dyslexia.

Ukufundiswa kwezandi kukudityaniswa kweendlela zokufunda ngokutyibilikayo kunye noqeqesho lokwazisa ngezandi, okubandakanya ukufunda oonobumba kunye nezandi esidibana nazo.

Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba ukungenelela kwezandi kusebenza kakhulu xa kunikezelwa ziingcali eziqeqeshwe kubunzima bokufunda. Okukhona umfundi efumana la manyathelo okungenelela, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono.

Ungoyena mlingane wakho ubalulekileyo nommeli, kwaye kukho Okuninzi unokwenza ukuphucula ubuchule bokufunda komntwana wakho kunye nembono yokufunda. IZiko leYunivesithi yaseYale eDyslexia kunye noBuchule bacebisa:

• Ngenelela kwangethuba. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba wena okanye utitshala wesikolo sokuqala aqonde iimpawu, mcebise umntwana wakho. Olunye uvavanyo oluthembekileyo yiShaywitz Dyslexia Screen, eveliswa nguPearson.
• Thetha nomntwana wakho. Kunokuba luncedo ngokwenene ukufumanisa ukuba kukho igama lokwenzeka kwezinto. Hlala ulungile, xoxa ngezisombululo, kwaye ukhuthaze incoko eqhubekayo. Inokukunceda ukuzikhumbuza kunye nomntwana wakho ukuba i-dyslexia ayinanto yakwenza nobukrelekrele.
• Funda ngokuvakalayo. Nokuba ukufunda incwadi enye kaninzi kunokunceda abantwana badibanise oonobumba nezandi.
• Zilungiselele. Kuba akukho lunyango lwe-dyslexia, wena nomntwana wakho ninokujongana nengxaki okwethutyana. Bhiyozela amanyathelo amancinci kunye nempumelelo, kwaye uphuhlise iindlela zokuzonwabisa kunye nomdla owahlukileyo ekufundeni, ukuze umntwana wakho abe nakho ukuphumelela kwenye indawo.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantwana abane-dyslexia?

Ukuba uqaphela iimpawu zedyslexia emntwaneni wakho, kubalulekile ukuba bazivivinye kwangoko kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona i-dyslexia iyimeko yobomi bonke, ungenelelo lwakwakwangoko kwimfundo lunokuphucula kakhulu oko kufezwa ngabantwana esikolweni. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko lunokunceda ukuthintela unxunguphalo, uxinzelelo kunye nemiba yokuzithemba.

Ukuthatha

IDyslexia kukhubazeko lokufunda olusekwe kwingqondo. Nangona unobangela engaziwa ngokupheleleyo, kubonakala ngathi kukho isiseko semfuza. Abantwana abane-dyslexia banokucotha ukufunda. Banokubuyisa umva izandi, banengxaki yokunxibelelana kakuhle nezandi noonobumba, bahlala bepela amagama, okanye babe nengxaki yokuqonda oko bakufundayo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba ne-dyslexia, cela uvavanyo olupheleleyo kwangoko kwangoko. Imiyalelo ekujoliswe kuyo yezandi ehanjiswa yingcali eqeqeshiweyo inokwenza umahluko kubungakanani, ukuba kukhawuleza kangakanani, kwaye kulula kangakanani ukuba umntwana aphumelele. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko lunokuthintela umntwana wakho ekubeni abe noxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba.