I-schizophrenia yobuntwana: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zobuntu ebuntwaneni
• Iindidi zeschizophrenia
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Yintoni unyango

ISchizophrenia sisifo sengqondo esibonakaliswa kukugqwetha kokucinga kunye nokuqonda, okuhlala kuguqulela kwiingcinga ezikhohlisayo, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, iintetho kunye nokuziphatha okuguqulweyo. Kuba ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nokulahlekiswa kwabantwana kuhlala kungacacanga kunabantu abadala, njengokubona abantu, umntu kufuneka azame ukuqonda ukuba ngaba ziingcinga ezingekhoyo okanye yimidlalo nje.

Ngokubanzi, esi sifo sivela phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 nengama-45 ubudala, sinqabile kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Nangona kukho iingxelo zesifo esingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, ezi meko zinqabile, kwaye iimpawu ziya zibonakala ngakumbi ngexesha lokufikisa.

I-Schizophrenia ihlala iqala kwinqanaba lokuqala kwengqondo, apho kuvela khona iimpawu ezingalunganga zesi sifo, njengokuzahlula ngokwasentlalweni, isimilo esiphazamisayo, ukonakala kococeko lomntu, ukugqajukelwa ngumsindo okanye ukuphelelwa ngumdla esikolweni okanye emsebenzini, umzekelo. Xa esi sifo sibonakala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12, sinxulunyaniswa kakhulu neengxaki zokuziphatha kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili kubi kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba baphulukane nemisebenzi yesiqhelo kwaye baphuhlise ukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo, ingqondo kunye notshintsho kulwimi.

Iimpawu zobuntu ebuntwaneni

Xa i-schizophrenia yenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12, umntwana uqala ukubonisa iingxaki zokuziphatha. Ngokubanzi, kubonisa ukumelana nokuziqhelanisa noluntu, ukuzahlula, kuthatha isimilo sokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukulibaziseka kuphuhliso lwe-neuropsychomotor kukwabonakalisiwe. Ukongeza kwintsilelo yokuqonda, kukwakho nokusilela ekuqwalaseleni nasekufundeni nasekuthabatheni.

Njengokuba umntwana ekhula kwaye engena ebudaleni, ezinye iimpawu zesifo zinokuvela, ezahlulwe zangqinelana nezimbi. Iimpawu ezincomekayo zezo zibonakala ngokukuko kumanqanaba okubola esi sifo kunye neempawu ezimbi zezo zibangelwa kukuvela kwesifo ngokwaso, sisiphumo sonyango lwe-antipsychotic kunye nolwesibini kwiimpawu ezilungileyo ngokwazo.

Iindidi zeschizophrenia

Kwimodeli yeklasikhi, i-schizophrenia inokwahlulahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezi-5:

• Paranoid schizophrenia, apho iimpawu ezintle zibalasele khona;
• Ukungalungelelaniswa, apho utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga luxhaphake ngayo;
• I-Catatonic, ephawuleka ngokubaluleka kweempawu zeemoto kunye notshintsho kwimisebenzi;
• Ukungakhathalelwa, apho ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokuncipha komsebenzi kuyekiswa kwaye ukubekwa bucala ekuhlaleni kuyeyona nto iphambili kuyo;
• Intsalela, apho iimpawu ezingathandekiyo zibekeke khona, apho, njengakuleyo ingaphambili, kuphawulwa ukwahlulwa ngokwasentlalweni, kunye nokuba buthuntu okunesifo kunye nentlupheko yengqondo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-schizophrenia echazwe kwi-DSM V ayisacingi ngeentlobo ezintlanu zeschizophrenia, njengoko ii-subtypes zithathwa njengezinxulumene nazo. Ke, ii-subtypes ekubhekiswe kuzo ngasentla azinamanzi, kwaye umntu, kwinqanaba elithile lesifo, anike umfanekiso weklinikhi ochonga nolunye uhlobo lwe-schizophrenia okanye ukubonakalisa iimpawu zolunye uhlobo.

Funda, ngokweenkcukacha ezithe kratya, indlela yokuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuchongwa kwe-schizophrenia ayisiyo ukuxilongwa okulula ukuyenza, kwaye ebantwaneni kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukwahlulahlula kwezinye iimeko, ngakumbi i-bipolar affective disorder, kwaye kufuneka uphinde uvavanye iimpawu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Yintoni unyango

I-Schizophrenia ayinanyango kwaye unyango luhlala luqhutywa ngenjongo yokunciphisa iimpawu, kunye nokubuyela umva. I-Antipsychotic imiselwe ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa izifundo zala machiza ebuntwaneni.

IHaloperidol liyeza esele lisetyenziswe iminyaka eliqela, kwaye lihlala lilukhetho olufanelekileyo kunyango lwengqondo ebantwaneni. Ukongeza, i-risperidone kunye ne-olanzapine zikwasetyenzisiwe kunyango lwee-psychoses zobuntwana, neziphumo ezilungileyo.