Iingxaki zeFlu

Umxholo

• Imiba yomngcipheko weengxaki zomkhuhlane
• Abantu abadala abadala
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• IBronchitis
• Isinusitis
• Imithombo yeendaba eOtitis
• I-Encephalitis
• Umbono wexesha elide kubantu abaneengxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane

Iinyani zengxaki yomkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane, obangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane, uqhelekile. Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) axela ukuba umkhuhlane wonyaka uchaphazela abantu baseMelika minyaka le.

Abantu abaninzi banokulwa neempawu zomkhuhlane ngokuphumla okuninzi kunye namanzi. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela athile asemngciphekweni omkhulu anokuba nobunzima kunye nobungozi obusongela ubomi.

I-CDC iqikelela ukuba phakathi kwabantu baseUnited States babhubha unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Oko kwathiwa, ixesha lomkhuhlane lika-2017-2018 lalinenani elingaqhelekanga ngokufa kwabantu eUnited States:.

Uqikelelo lokuba, kwihlabathi liphela, phakathi kwabantu abangama-290,000 ukuya kuma-650,000 abantu babhubha ngenxa yomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka.

Ngexesha, ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-49 sabantu bafumana umkhuhlane kwaye phantse i-1 yezigidi balaliswa esibhedlele e-United States.

Imiba yomngcipheko weengxaki zomkhuhlane

Amanye amaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu womkhuhlane. Ngokwala, la maqela kufuneka afumane kuqala xa kukho ukunqongophala kwesitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane. Izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ubudala, ubuhlanga, iimeko ezikhoyo, kunye nezinye izinto.

Amaqela obudala abonyuse umngcipheko kubandakanya:

• abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5
• abantwana kunye nolutsha oluneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18 abathatha ii-aspirin okanye amayeza ane-salicylate
• abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu

Iintlanga ezinobungozi obuphezulu zibandakanya:

• AmaMerika Omthonyama
• Abemi baseAlaska

Abantu abanayo nayiphi na le miqathango ilandelayo bakwimeko ephezulu yomngcipheko weengxaki zomkhuhlane:

• umbefu
• iimeko zentliziyo nemiphunga
• iingxaki ezingapheliyo ze-endocrine, ezinje ngesifo seswekile
• iimeko zempilo ezingapheliyo ezichaphazela izintso kunye nesibindi
• ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kwemithambo-luvo kunye ne-neurodevelopmental, ezinje ngokuxhuzula, ukubetha, kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okungapheliyo, njenge-sickle cell anemia
• ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo komzimba

Abanye abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu babandakanya:

• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, nokuba kungenxa yezifo (ezinje ngomhlaza, i-HIV, okanye i-AIDS) okanye ukusetyenziswa kweyeza ixesha elide
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo
• Abantu abatyebe kakhulu abanesalathiso somzimba (BMI) sama-40 okanye ngaphezulu

La maqela kufuneka abeke esweni iimpawu zawo zomkhuhlane. Kuya kufuneka ukuba bafune unyango kwangoko xa uphawu lokuqala lweengxaki. Ezi zihlala zibonakala njengeempawu zomkhuhlane eziphambili njengomkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa ziqala ukumka.

Abantu abadala abadala

Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu basengozini enkulu yeengxaki kunye nokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane. I-CDC iqikelela ukuba aba bantu benza utyelelo lwesibhedlele olunxulumene nomkhuhlane.

Baphinde baphendule i-71 ukuya kwi-85 yeepesenti yokufa okunxulumene nomkhuhlane, yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala ukuba bafumane umkhuhlane.

Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) luvumile i-Fluzone Hi-Dose, iyeza lokuthintela idosi ephezulu, kubantu abaneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu.

I-Fluzone Hi-Dose iqulethe amaxesha amane e-antigen njengesiqhelo sokugonya umkhuhlane. Iantigens zivuselela amajoni omzimba ukuba avelise izilwa-buhlungu, ezilwa intsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Olunye ukhetho lokugonya umkhuhlane kubantu abadala lubizwa ngokuba yiFLUAD. Inento yokukhuthaza impendulo eyomeleleyo yomzimba.

Ukukrala kwemiphunga

I-pneumonia sisifo semiphunga esenza ukuba i-alveoli idumbe. Oku kubangela iimpawu ezinjengokukhohlela, umkhuhlane, ukungcangcazela kunye nokugodola.

I-pneumonia inokukhula kwaye ibe yingxaki enkulu yomkhuhlane. Inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwaye ibulale nabantu abakumaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu:

• ukukhohlela kakhulu ngesixa esikhulu semifinya
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukugodola kakhulu okanye ukubila
• umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-102 ° F (38.9 ° C) ongapheliyo, ngakumbi ukuba unengqele okanye ukubila
• iintlungu esifubeni

I-pneumonia iyanyangeka kakhulu, ihlala inezixhobo ezilula zasekhaya ezinje ngokulala kunye nolwelo oluninzi olufudumeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abatshayayo, abantu abadala, kunye nabantu abanengxaki yentliziyo okanye yemiphunga ikakhulu banengxaki yokufumana inyumoniya. Iingxaki ezinxulumene nenyumoniya zibandakanya:

• ulwelo olwakha ngaphakathi nasemiphungeni
• iintsholongwane egazini
• isifo esimandundu soxinzelelo lwamalungu okuphefumla

IBronchitis

Le ngxaki ibangelwa kukucaphuka kwiinwebu ze-bronchi emiphungeni.

Iimpawu ze-bronchitis zibandakanya:

• ukukhwehlela (rhoqo nge-mucus)
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukudinwa
• umkhuhlane omncinci
• Ukugodola

Rhoqo, amayeza alula yiyo yonke into efunekayo ukunyanga i-bronchitis. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuphumla
• ukusela ulwelo oluninzi
• usebenzisa isixhobo sokufudumeza
• ukuthatha amayeza eentlungu kwi-counter-the-counter (OTC)

Kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho, ukuba ukhohlela kukho umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwe-100.4 ° F (38 ° C). Kuya kufuneka ubize umnxeba ukuba ngaba ukhohlokhohlo lwenza nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ithatha ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezintathu
• uphazamisa ubuthongo bakho
• ivelisa i-mucus yombala ongaqhelekanga
• ivelisa igazi

Ukunganyangwa, i-bronchitis engapheliyo inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinobungozi, kubandakanya inyumoniya, i-emphysema, ukusilela kwentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga.

Isinusitis

Sinusitis ukudumba kwezono. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukuxinana kwempumlo
• umqala obuhkungu
• Idriphu yasemva kwexesha
• iintlungu ezonweni, emihlathini ephezulu, nasemazinyweni
• ukuva ivumba okanye incasa
• ukukhohlela

I-Sinusitis ihlala inyangwa nge-OTC saline spray, i-decongestants, kunye neentlungu. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nge-nasal corticosteroid enjenge-fluticasone (Flonase) okanye i-mometasone (Nasonex) ukunciphisa ukudumba. Zombini ezi zinto ziyafumaneka ekhawuntarini okanye ngugqirha.

Iimpawu ezifuna unyango kwangoko zibandakanya:

• iintlungu okanye ukudumba kufutshane namehlo
• ukudumba ibunzi
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudideka engqondweni
• utshintsho lombono, njengokujonga kabini
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukuqina kwentamo

Oku kunokuba yimiqondiso yesinusitis eye yanda okanye yasasazeka.

Imithombo yeendaba eOtitis

Yaziwa ngcono njengosulelo lwendlebe, i-otitis media ibangela ukudumba kunye nokudumba kwendlebe ephakathi. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• ifiva
• ukungeva kakuhle
• ukuhambisa indlebe
• ukugabha
• utshintsho lweemvakalelo

Umntu omdala onentlungu yendlebe okanye ukukhutshwa kufuneka abone ugqirha wakhe ngokukhawuleza. Umntwana kufuneka asiwe kugqirha wakhe ukuba:

• Iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide kunosuku
• Intlungu yeendlebe igqithile
• ukuphuma kwendlebe kuvela
• abalele
• Banemoodier kunesiqhelo

I-Encephalitis

I-Encephalitis yimeko enqabileyo eyenzekayo xa intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ingena kwizicubu zobuchopho kwaye ibangela ukudumba kwengqondo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, ukopha ebuchotsheni, kunye nokonakala kwengqondo.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• umkhuhlane ophezulu
• ukugabha
• ubuntununtunu bokukhanya
• ukozela
• ubuzizi

Nangona inqabile, le meko inokubangela ukungcangcazela kunye nobunzima ngokuhamba.

Funa unyango kwangoko ukuba unayo enye yezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu okanye umkhuhlane
• ukudideka engqondweni
• nemibono
• utshintsho olukhulu kwiimvakalelo
• ukuxhuzula
• ukukhubazeka
• umbono kabini
• iingxaki zokuthetha okanye zokuva

Iimpawu ze-encephalitis kubantwana abancinci zibandakanya:

• ukuvela kwiindawo ezithambileyo kukhakhayi losana
• ukuqina komzimba
• ukukhala okungalawulekiyo
• ukukhala okuya kusiba kubi xa kulandwa umntwana
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Umbono wexesha elide kubantu abaneengxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane

Uninzi lweempawu zomkhuhlane zisombulula kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane ziba nzima okanye ungapheli emva kweeveki ezimbini, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.

Ugonyo lonyaka lomkhuhlane lelona nyathelo lilungileyo lokuthintela abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane. Ucoceko olufanelekileyo, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukuthintela okanye ukuthintela ukunxibelelana nabantu abosulelekileyo nako kunokunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka komkhuhlane.

Unyango lwakwangoko lukwangundoqo kunyango olunempumelelo lweengxaki. Uninzi lweengxaki ezikhankanyiweyo zisabela kakuhle kunyango. Oko kwathethi, uninzi lunokuba mandundu ngakumbi ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo.