Ziintoni Iimpawu Zomkhuhlane ebantwaneni kwaye uphathwa njani?

Umxholo

• Ngaba yingqele okanye ngumkhuhlane?
• Ngaba umntwana wam kufuneka abone ugqirha ukuba ndikrokrela umkhuhlane?
• Ulawula njani umkhuhlane ekhaya
• Gcina umntwana wakho ekhululekile
• Ukunikezela ngamayeza e-over-the-counter (OTC)
• Gcina umntwana wakho enamanzi amaninzi
• Ngaba akhona amayeza kagqirha amthathayo umntwana wam?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni okhulayo weengxaki ezivela kumkhuhlane?
• Liphi ixesha lomkhuhlane kwaye lichaphazela bani?
• Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane kwaye unokwenza ntoni ukuwuthintela?
• Ngaba umntwana wam kufuneka ahlaselwe ngumkhuhlane?
• Zeziphi ezinye iindlela endinokumkhusela ngazo umntwana wam?
• Yise kude

Ngaba umntwana wam unayo umkhuhlane?

Ixesha lomkhuhlane liphezulu kwiinyanga zasebusika. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ebantwaneni zihlala ziqala ukwenzeka kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuvezwa yintsholongwane. Ezi mpawu zihlala ziintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe, nangona zinokuhlala ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ebantwaneni ziyafana kakhulu nakubantu abadala. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya:

• ukuqala ngokukhawuleza
• ifiva
• isiyezi
• ukunciphisa ukutya
• iintlungu zomhlunu okanye zomzimba
• ubuthathaka
• ukuxinana kwesifuba
• ukukhohlela
• Ukugodola nokungcangcazela
• intloko ebuhlungu
• umqala obuhkungu
• impumlo enemifinya
• indlebe kwindlebe enye okanye zombini
• urhudo
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha

Kwiintsana, abantwana abasabhadazayo, kunye nabantwana abangathethiyo abangakwaziyo ukukuxelela malunga neempawu zabo, usenokubona ukwanda kwengxabano kunye nokulila.

Ngaba yingqele okanye ngumkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane zizigulo zokuphefumla, kodwa zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Zombini ezi ntlobo zezifo zabelana ngeempawu ezininzi, ke kunokuba nzima ukubahlula.

Umkhuhlane uhlala uvela ngokuthe chu, ngelixa iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziza ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana wakho uya kubonakala egula xa efumana umkhuhlane kunokuba baya kuba xa bebanda. Umkhuhlane uquka neempawu ezingenakubanda, ezinjengokubanda, isiyezi, kunye neentlungu zemisipha. Funda okungakumbi ngumahluko phakathi komkhuhlane nomkhuhlane.

Ngaba umntwana wam kufuneka abone ugqirha ukuba ndikrokrela umkhuhlane?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci unokuba nomkhuhlane, nxibelelana nodokotela wabantwana ngokukhawuleza. Kubantwana abasakhulayo kunye nabantwana abadala, jonga ugqirha wabo ukuba babonakala begula kakhulu okanye baya besiba mandundu endaweni yokuba ngcono. Ugqirha wabo unokwenza uxilongo ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zomntwana wakho, okanye ubanike uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo olukhangela intsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Nokuba umntwana wakho sele ebonwe ngugqirha, ukuba iimpawu zakhe ziya zisiba mbi, babuyisele kwagqirha okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka kwangoko.

Ezinye iimpawu ezibonisa isidingo sonyango olukhawulezileyo, nokuba ungakanani na umntwana wakho, zibandakanya:

• iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, nokwala ukusela okanye ukuncancisa
• i-blue tinge ejikeleze imilebe okanye iibhedi zezikhonkwane zezandla okanye iinyawo, okanye i-tint eluhlaza ngaphezulu kwesikhumba
• ukungakhathali
• ukungakwazi ukuvusa umntwana wakho
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• i-spike kwi-fever emva kokuba umkhuhlane wokuqala uhambe
• intloko ebuhlungu
• intamo elukhuni
• Ukuxhalaba okukhulu, kwiintsana
• ukucaphuka okanye ukungxama, kubantwana abancinci nakwabadala
• ukwala ukubanjwa okanye ukubanjwa, kwiintsana nakwiintsana

Ulawula njani umkhuhlane ekhaya

Umntwana wakho unokuba esekhaya enomkhuhlane ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini. Kwanasemva kokuba iimpawu zabo zokuqala zidambile, banokuziva bediniwe kwaye bengaziva. Nazi ezinye zeendlela onokubakhathalela ngazo ekhaya kwaye ubancede ukuphucula ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Gcina umntwana wakho ekhululekile

Enye yezinto eziphambili onokuzenzela umntwana wakho ukuba unomkhuhlane kukubanceda bazive bekhululekile. Ukuphumla ebhedini kubalulekile, ke uya kufuna ukubanceda ukuba baphumle ngokwaneleyo.

Umntwana wakho unokutshintsha phakathi kokuziva ushushu kwaye ubanda, ke zilungiselele ukuba iingubo ziphume kwaye ziqhubeke imini nobusuku. Iingubo azikhuthazwa iintsana njengoko zibeka umngcipheko wokutshisa. Endaweni yoko, unokufuna ukuqwalasela ingxowa yokulala engasindi.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unempumlo exineneyo, i-saline nasal drops okanye i-humidifier inokunceda. Abantwana abadala banokukwazi ukujija ngamanzi ashushu anetyuwa ukunciphisa umqala obuhlungu.

Ukunikezela ngamayeza e-over-the-counter (OTC)

Ngokusekwe kubudala kunye nobunzima bomntwana wakho, amayeza e-OTC, anje nge-ibuprofen (i-Advil yaBantwana, i-Motrin yaBantwana) kunye ne-acetaminophen (iTylenol yaBantwana), inokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba azive engcono ngokunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zemisipha. Thetha kugqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho malunga nokuba zeziphi iintlobo onokuzisebenzisa, kwaye ungaze ugqithe kumthamo ocetyiswayo, nokuba amayeza akabonakali ekunceda.

Musa ukunika umntwana wakho iasprini. I-Aspirin inokubangela ingxaki enkulu ebantwaneni, ebizwa ngokuba yiReye's syndrome.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba amayeza okukhohlela acetyiswa. Amayeza okukhohlela awakho okanye ayasebenza kubantwana kwaye anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibalulekileyo.

Gcina umntwana wakho enamanzi amaninzi

Umntwana wakho usenokungabi namdla kakhulu ngelixa enesifo. Banokuhamba ngaphandle kokutya okuninzi ngelixa begula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba bathathe ulwelo ukunqanda ukomisa. Kwiintsana, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokuboniswa njengendawo ethambileyo itshonileyo phezulu kwentloko.

Eminye imiqondiso yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ibandakanya:

• umchamo omnyama ngombala kunesiqhelo
• ndilila ngaphandle kweenyembezi
• yomile, iqhekekile imilebe
• ulwimi olomileyo
• Amehlo atshonile
• ulusu olomileyo okanye ulusu olucekeceke ezandleni, kunye neenyawo eziva zibanda ukubamba
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okukhulu

Ukwehla kwemveliso yomchamo lolunye uphawu lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kwiintsana, ezingaphantsi kwesithandathu samanzi amdaka ngosuku. Kwiintsana, ayizizo i-diapers ezimanzi ngaphezulu kweeyure ezisibhozo.

Nika abantwana bakho amanzi, njengamanzi, isobho ecacileyo, okanye ijusi engenaswekile. Unokunika abantwana abancinci kunye neepopsicles ezingenashukela okanye i-ice chips ukuba zifunxe. Ukuba uncancisa umntwana wakho, qhubeka uzama ukumtyisa ngesiqhelo.

Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana umntwana wakho ukuba athathe iziselo, yazisa ugqirha wakhe ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, ulwelo olufakwa ngaphakathi (IVs) lunokufuneka.

Ngaba akhona amayeza kagqirha amthathayo umntwana wam?

Kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho amayeza amiselweyo abizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane amachiza antiviral afumanekayo. Iintsana, iintsana, kunye nabantwana abafunyaniswa benomkhuhlane bahlala bemiselwe la mayeza ukuba bagula kakhulu, balaliswe esibhedlele, okanye basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki kumkhuhlane.

La mayeza ayacotha okanye ayeke ukubanentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ukuze uqhubeke nokuzala emzimbeni. Banokukunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima beempawu, kunye nokunciphisa ubude bexesha umntwana wakho agula ngalo. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abasemngciphekweni omkhulu, banokunciphisa imeko yeengxaki, kubandakanya:

• usulelo lwendlebe
• usulelo lwebhaktiriya oluncedisayo
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• ukusilela ekuphefumuleni
• ukufa

Abantwana kufuneka baqale ukuthatha la mayeza ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxilongwa, njengoko esebenza kakhulu ukuba aqaliswe kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala zokubonisa iimpawu. Bahlala bemiselwe abantwana abarhanelwa kuphela ukuba banomkhuhlane, nokuba isifo esichanekileyo khange senziwe.

Amachiza omkhuhlane amachiza antiviral eza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iipilisi, ulwelo, kunye ne-inhaler. Kukwakho neziyobisi ezikhoyo zabantwana abancinci kangangeeveki ezi-2 ubudala.

Abanye abantwana baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kula machiza, ezinjengokugabha kunye nokugabha. Amanye amayeza, kubandakanya i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela i-delirium okanye ukuzenzakalisa kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Thetha kugqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho malunga nezibonelelo kunye nobungozi bala mayeza ukuze uthathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi eyona ilungele umntwana wakho.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni okhulayo weengxaki ezivela kumkhuhlane?

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, ngakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2, baqwalaselwa njengofumana iingxaki kumkhuhlane. Oku akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho uya kufumana ingxaki enkulu. It yenza Kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi malunga neempawu zabo.

Abantwana babo nabuphi na ubudala abanesifo esongezelelekileyo sesifo se-asthma, i-HIV, isifo seswekile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, basemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki.

Liphi ixesha lomkhuhlane kwaye lichaphazela bani?

Ixesha lomkhuhlane liqala ukuwa kwaye liyaqhubeka nobusika. Ihlala iphakama kwenye indawo phakathi kukaNovemba noMatshi. Ixesha lomkhuhlane liphela ukuphela kuka-Matshi. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zomkhuhlane zingaqhubeka ukwenzeka.

Uhlobo lwentsholongwane olwenza ukuba umkhuhlane uhluka unyaka nonyaka. Oku kubonisiwe ukuba nefuthe kumaqela obudala achaphazeleke kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ngabona basesichengeni sokufumana umkhuhlane, kunye nokufumana iingxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane.

Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane kwaye unokwenza ntoni ukuwuthintela?

Umkhuhlane uyosulela kakhulu kwaye ungadluliselwa ngokuchukumisa, kumphezulu, nangemikroskopu, amathontsi omoya adalwa kukukhohlela, ukuthimla nokuthetha. Usosulela kusuku olunye ngaphambi kokuba uzive naziphi na iimpawu kwaye uya kuhlala usosulela malunga neveki okanye de kube iimpawu zakho ziphelile. Abantwana banokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba bachache kumkhuhlane kwaye banokuhlala besosulela ixesha elide.

Ukuba ungumzali kwaye unomkhuhlane, thintela umngcipheko womntwana wakho kuwe kangangoko. Oku kuhlala kulula ukuthetha kunokwenza. Ukuba ungabhalisa ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo olungileyo ukunceda, eli lixesha lokuba ubize olo hlobo.

Ezinye izinto onokuzenza zibandakanya:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele ukutya okanye xa uchukumisa umntwana wakho.
• Khupha izicwili ezimdaka kwangoko.
• Vala umlomo wakho kunye nempumlo xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela, ngokukhethekileyo kwi-crook yengalo yakho endaweni yesandla sakho.
• Nxiba imaski yobuso empumlweni nasemlonyeni. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane xa ukhohlela, uthimla, okanye uthetha.
• Umkhuhlane unokuhlala kwiindawo ezinzima iiyure ezingama-24. Sula iibhobho zomsebenzi, iitafile kunye nezinye izinto ekhayeni lakho nge-hydrogen peroxide, uhlikihla utywala, isepha, okanye i-iodine-based antiseptics.

Ngaba umntwana wam kufuneka ahlaselwe ngumkhuhlane?

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) ukuba wonke umntu oneenyanga ezi-6 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu afumane iyeza lokugonya lonyaka, nkqu nangeminyaka xa ingasebenzi njengeminye iminyaka. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu abanakho ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane.

Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba isitofu sisebenze ngokupheleleyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantwana baqale inkqubo yokugonya kwasekuqaleni kwexesha, ingakumbi ekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-8 abangazange bagonywe ngaphambili kunye nabo bagonyiwe kube kanye ngaphambili, bahlala befuna iidosi ezimbini zokugonya, nangona esi siphakamiso sinokuhluka kancinci unyaka nonyaka. Ezi zinikwa ubuncinci iintsuku ezingama-28 ngokwahlukana. Idosi yokuqala yokugonya ibonelela kancinci, ukuba ikho, ukhuselo kumkhuhlane. Inikwe ilungele amajoni omzimba kwisitofu sesibini, esinika ukhuseleko. Kunyanzelekile ukuba umntwana wakho afumane zombini izitofu.

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sikhuselekile kubo bonke abantwana ukuba basithathe ngaphandle kokuba banezinye zeemeko zonyango ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kuba iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala zingenakufumana isitofu sokugonya, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukubhentsisa umntwana wakho kubantu abanokuba nomkhuhlane. Bonke abanonopheli kufuneka bafumane iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane.

Zeziphi ezinye iindlela endinokumkhusela ngazo umntwana wam?

Ayikho indlela engenangqondo yokunciphisa umngcipheko womngcipheko womntwana wakho, kodwa kukho izinto onokuzenza:

• Zigcine kude nabantu abaneempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, kubandakanya abantu abakhohlela.
• Baqeqeshe ngokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye ungabachukumisi ubuso.
• Zenzele isicoci sesandla abazakufuna ukusisebenzisa, njengaleyo inevumba elineziqhamo okanye enebhotile equkethe ikhathuni.
• Bakhumbuze ukuba bangabelani ngokutya okanye iziselo kunye nabahlobo babo.

Yise kude

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana umkhuhlane okanye uneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, funa inkxaso yezonyango. Buza ugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba ngaba amayeza antiviral ayacetyiswa kumntwana wakho. Ukuba kunjalo, umntwana wakho kuya kufuneka aqale ukuthatha la mayeza kwiiyure ezingama-48 zeempawu zabo zokuqala.

Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane yeyona ndlela yokuzikhusela yomntwana wakho ekufumaneni umkhuhlane, nokuba awusebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ubukrakra beempawu zomntwana wakho kwaye kunciphise amathuba abo okuba neengxaki ezinzima kumkhuhlane.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane kwaye uphelelwa ngamanzi, okanye iimpawu zakhe ziba nzima, fumana uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.