Ukhetho oluPhezulu lwe-4 loNyango lweziyobisi

Umxholo

• 1. Iinkqubo ezili-12
• 2. Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo
• 3. Iinkqubo zonyango zorhwebo
• 4. Oogqirha bengqondo kunye nonyango lweziyobisi
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukulutha kokutya, oku ayidweliswanga kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disabilities (I-DSM-5), inokufana nezinye iziyobisi kwaye ihlala ifuna unyango olufanayo kunye nenkxaso yokoyisa.

Ngethamsanqa, Iinkqubo ezininzi kunye nonyango zinokubonelela ngonyango.

Eli nqaku lidwelise iindlela ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo zonyango zokutya.

1. Iinkqubo ezili-12

Enye indlela yokujongana nokulutha kokutya kukufumana inkqubo elungileyo yamanyathelo ali-12.

Oku kuphantse kwafana neAlcoholics Anonymous (AA) - ngaphandle kokuba iziyobisi zahlukile.

Kwinkqubo enamanyathelo ali-12, abantu baya ezintlanganisweni nabanye abalwa nengxaki yokutya. Ekugqibeleni, bafumana umxhasi ukubanceda baphuhlise irejimeni yokutya.

Inkxaso kwezentlalo inokwenza igalelo elikhulu xa ujongene nokulutha kokutya. Ukufumana abantu ababelana ngamava afanayo kwaye bazimisele ukunceda kunokuba luncedo ekubuyiseni.

Ukongeza, iinkqubo zamanyathelo ali-12 zisimahla kwaye zihlala zifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.

Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo.

I-Overeaters Anonymous (OA) lolona khetho lukhulu kwaye luthandwa kakhulu, kunye neentlanganiso eziqhelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela.

I-Greysheeters Anonymous (GSA) iyafana ne-OA, ngaphandle kokuba ibonelela ngesicwangciso sokutya esibandakanya ukulinganisa kunye nokulinganisa ukutya kathathu ngemini. Ngelixa zingasasazekanga njenge-OA, banikezela ngeentlanganiso zefowuni kunye ne-Skype.

Amanye amaqela abandakanya iziyobisi eziTyiwayo ezingaziwayo (i-FAA) kunye neziyobisi ngokutya kwakhona kwi-Recovery Anonymous (FA).

La maqela ayilelwe ukunika indawo yokwamkela, engagwetywanga.

ISISHWANKATHELO Iinkqubo ezilishumi elinambini zibonelela ngokufikelela koontanga nakwabacebisi abanokukunceda woyise umlutha wokutya. Ezi nkqubo ziyafumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.

2. Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo

Indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yonyango yokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) ibonakalise isithembiso esikhulu ekunyangeni iingxaki zokutya ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokutya kakhulu kunye ne-bulimia ().

Ezi meko zabelana ngeempawu ezifanayo kunye nokutya.

Xa ujonga ugqirha wengqondo, cela ukuba uthunyelwe kumntu onamava ngesiyobisi okanye iingxaki ezinxulumene nokutya.

ISISHWANKATHELO Ukubona ugqirha wezobuchwephesha ojolise kukuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo okanye likhoboka lokutya kunokukunceda woyise umlutha wokutya. Ukongeza, i-CBT ibonakaliswe ukuba iyasebenza kwezinye iimeko.

3. Iinkqubo zonyango zorhwebo

Iinkqubo ezilishumi elinambini zihlala zikhululekile, kodwa iinkqubo zonyango ezininzi zorhwebo zikwabonelela ngonyango olusebenzayo lokondla kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya.

Ezona zibalulekileyo zibandakanya:

• ACORN: Banikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ngakumbi eUnited States.
• Iimbalasane ekubuyiseni: Ifumaneka eFlorida, zibonelela ngonyango lwexesha elide lokulutha ukutya.
• I-COR Retreat: Ifumaneka eMinnesota, babonelela ngenkqubo yeentsuku ezi-5.
• Indawo yokujika: Ngokusekwe eFlorida, banokukhetha ukondla kunye nokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo.
• Imithunzi yethemba: Ifumaneka eTexas, zibonelela ngeenkqubo zeentsuku ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-42.
• ISithembiso: Ngokusekwe e-UK, banikezela unyango ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokondla kunye nokutya.
• Umlutha weBittens: Banikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwabo banesondlo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya eSweden.

Eli phepha lewebhu lidwelisa uninzi lweengcali zempilo kwihlabathi liphela ezinamava okuphatha iziyobisi ngokutya.

ISISHWANKATHELO Iinkqubo zonyango zorhwebo ngeziyobisi ziyafumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.

4. Oogqirha bengqondo kunye nonyango lweziyobisi

Ngelixa i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ingakhange ivume naziphi na iziyobisi kunyango lweziyobisi, amayeza lolunye ukhetho olunokuthi luqwalaselwe.

Oko kwathiwa, amayeza aqinisekisiwe ukuba asebenzele ukondla kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya kwaye bahlala benemiphumo emibi.

Elinye ichiza ekufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo livunyiwe yi-FDA ukunceda ukunciphisa umzimba kwaye iqulethe i-bupropion kunye ne-naltrexone. Ithengiswa phantsi kwegama elinguContrave eMelika naseMysimba eYurophu.

Eli chiza lijolise ngqo kwezinye zeendlela zobuchopho ezichaphazelekayo kwimeko yokulutha kokutya. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba kunokuba nokusebenza, ngakumbi xa kudityaniswe notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni (,).

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo zinokuba negalelo ekondleni nasekutyeni. Ukuthatha amayeza okulwa uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ezinye zeempawu ().

Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo alunyangi ukubakho kokutya, kodwa inokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo ekuncedeni ukunciphisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Oku kunokuvumela umntu ukuba agxile ekubuyiseleni kwimeko yokondla okanye yokutya.

Ugqirha wezifo zengqondo unokuchaza iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwaye enze ingcebiso ngokusekwe kwimeko yomntu okanye isicwangciso esithile sonyango.

ISISHWANKATHELO Cinga ngokubona ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ukuze uxoxe ngezinye iindlela zonyango, kubandakanya amayeza. Amachiza ahlukeneyo kunye nonyango lwempilo yengqondo lunokunceda ekoyiseni iziyobisi.

Umgca wezantsi

Umlutha wokutya yingxaki yezempilo yengqondo apho umntu esiba likhoboka lokutya, ngakumbi ukutya okune-junk.

Izifundo ezininzi zesayensi ziyangqina ukuba umlutha wokutya ubandakanya indawo zobuchopho ezifanayo neziyobisi (,,).

Ngenxa yokuba umlutha wokutya awusombululi ngokwawo, kungcono ukulandela ukhetho lonyango ukuze uphile impilo.

Inqaku lomhleli: Eli qhekeza laxelwa ekuqaleni ngoJanuwari 14, 2019. Umhla wokupapashwa kwawo wangoku ubonakalisa uhlaziyo, olubandakanya uphononongo lonyango nguTimothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD.