Ipetroli kunye neMpilo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zetyhefu yepetroli
• Oonobangela ityhefu ipetroli
• Iziphumo zexesha elifutshane
• Iziphumo zexesha elide
• Ukufumana uncedo olungxamisekileyo
• Kwimeko engxamisekileyo
  
• Imbonakalo yomntu otyhefwe yipetroli
• Imithombo yenqaku

Ushwankathelo

Ipetroli iyingozi kwimpilo yakho kuba iyityhefu. Ukuvezwa kwepetroli, nokuba kukudibana emzimbeni okanye inhalation, kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Iziphumo zetyhefu yepetroli zinokwenzakalisa onke amalungu aphambili. Kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa nokunyanzelisa ukuphatha ipetroli ngokukhuselekileyo ukunqanda ityhefu.

Ukuvezwa okungafanelekanga kwepetroli kuqinisekisa umnxeba kuncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo. Tsalela umnxeba umbutho waseMelika wamaZiko oLawulo lweTyhefu ngo-1-800-222-1222 ukuba uyakholelwa wena okanye umntu omaziyo unetyhefu yepetroli.

Iimpawu zetyhefu yepetroli

Ukuginya ipetroli kunokubangela uluhlu lweengxaki zamalungu abalulekileyo. Iimpawu zetyhefu yepetroli zinokubandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• intlungu yomqala okanye ukutshisa
• ukutshisa kwi-esophagus
• intlungu zesisu
• ukulahleka kombono
• ukugabha okanye ngaphandle kwegazi
• ilindle elinegazi
• isiyezi
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• ukuxhuzula
• ubuthathaka bomzimba
• ukulahleka kwengqondo

Xa i-petroli idibana nolusu lwakho, unokufumana ukucaphuka okubomvu okanye ukutshisa.

Oonobangela ityhefu ipetroli

Ipetroli iyimfuneko kwimizi-mveliso emininzi. Irhasi sisibaso sokuqala esisetyenziselwa ukwenza uninzi lwezithuthi eziqhutywa ziinjini zisebenze. Amacandelo e-hydrocarbon epetroli ayenza ibe yityhefu. IiHydrocarbons luhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngehydrogen kunye nekhabhonmolekyuli. Ziyinxalenye yazo zonke iintlobo zezinto zale mihla, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• oyile yemoto
• oyile yesibane
• iparafini
• ipeyinti
• isamente yerabha
• ulwelo olukhanyayo

Ipetroli ine-methane kunye ne-benzene, eziy hydrocarbon eziyingozi.

Mhlawumbi enye yemingcipheko emikhulu yokuvezwa kwepetroli yingozi enokuyenza kwimiphunga yakho xa uphefumla umphunga wayo. Ukuphefumla ngokuthe ngqo kunokubangela ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide, yiyo loo nto ungafanele ukuqhuba isithuthi kwindawo evaliweyo, njengegaraji. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwindawo evulekileyo kunokonakalisa nemiphunga yakho.

Ukumpompa ipetroli kwitanki yakho yegesi akulimazi ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa kolwelo ngengozi kunokulimaza ulusu lwakho.

Ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ngengozi kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba ungaginye ngabom ulwelo.

Iziphumo zexesha elifutshane

Ipetroli inokuchaphazela impilo yakho ngendlela engalunganga kunye nefom yegesi. Ukuginya ipetroli kungonakalisa ngaphakathi kumzimba wakho kwaye kubangele umonakalo ongapheliyo kumalungu amakhulu. Ukuba umntu uginye isixa esikhulu sepetroli, oko kunokubangela ukufa.

Ityhefu yeCarbon monoxide yeyona nto ixhalabisayo. Oku kuyenzeka ngakumbi xa usebenza kwindawo osebenza kuyo koomatshini abasebenzisa ipetroli rhoqo. Ngokuka-, iinjini ezincinci ezinamandla egesi ziyingozi kakhulu kuba zikhupha ityhefu eninzi. Ikharbon monoksayidi ayibonakali kwaye ayinavumba, ngenxa yoko unokuyiphefumla ngesixa esikhulu ngaphandle kokuyazi. Oku kunokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okusisigxina kwanokufa.

Iziphumo zexesha elide

Ipetroli ineziphumo zempilo ezinokuhlala iminyaka eliqela. Idizili lelinye lamafutha aqukethe iihydrocarbon. Yimveliso yepetroli, kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu koololiwe, kwiibhasi nakwizithuthi zasefama. Xa uhlala udibana nomsi ophuma kwipetroli okanye kwidizili, imiphunga yakho ingaqala ukonakala ekuhambeni kwexesha. Uphononongo luka-2012 olwenziwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) lufumene umngcipheko owandayo womhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abahlala bevezwa ngumsi wedizili.

Njengoko iinjini zedizili zifumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo ngamandla, abantu kufuneka babazi ubungozi babo. Kuya kufuneka ulandele la manyathelo okhuseleko:

• Musa ukuma ngemibhobho yokukhupha.
• Musa ukuma ujikeleze umsi wegesi.
• Musa ukuqhuba iinjini kwiindawo ezivalelweyo.

Ukufumana uncedo olungxamisekileyo

Ukuginya ipetroli okanye ukuvezwa okugqithileyo kwimisi kuvumela ukutyelelwa kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye umnxeba kwiziko lolawulo lwetyhefu lendawo. Qinisekisa ukuba umntu uhlala phezulu kwaye usele amanzi ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ukuba angenzi njalo. Qinisekisa ukuba bakwindawo enomoya omtsha.

Qiniseka ukuba uthatha le miqathango:

Kwimeko engxamisekileyo

• Musa ukunyanzelisa ukugabha.
• Musa ukulinika ixhoba ubisi.
• Musa ukunika ulwelo kwixhoba elingazi nto.
• Musa ukulishiya ixhoba kwaye nawe ubhenceke kumsi wepetroli.
• Ungazami ukulungisa le meko ngokwakho. Soloko ubiza uncedo kuqala.

Imbonakalo yomntu otyhefwe yipetroli

Imbonakalo yetyhefu yepetroli kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokubhengeza kunye nokukhawuleza ufumana unyango. Ngokukhawuleza ufumana unyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane kwakhona ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvezwa kwepetroli kuhlala kunokubangela iingxaki kwimiphunga, emlonyeni nasesiswini.

I-petroli iye yafumana utshintsho oluninzi ukuze ibe ngumhlaza omncinci, kodwa kusekho umngcipheko omkhulu wezempilo onxulunyaniswa nayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha yenza ngononophelo xa ubhencekile kulwelo oluyipetroli noluyipetroli. Ukuba ukrokrela nakuphi na ukubonakaliswa kolusu okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba isixa esigqithileyo sikhutshiwe, kuya kufuneka ubize uMbutho waseMelika wamaZiko oLawulo lweTyhefu ngo-1-800-222-1222.

Imithombo yenqaku

• Iingozi zecarbon monoksayidi ezivela kwiinjini ezincinci zepetroli. (2012, ngoJuni 5). Kubuyiselwa kwi
• Ipetroli - imveliso yepetroleum. (2014, Disemba 5). Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=gasoline_home
• USimon, S. (2012, Juni 15). Umbutho wezeMpilo wehlabathi uthi ukukhutshwa kwedizili kubangela umhlaza. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.cancer.org/cancer/news/world-health-organization-says-diesel-exhaust-causes-cancer