Uvavanyo lweGlaucoma

Umxholo

• Zithini iimvavanyo zeglaucoma?
• Zenzelwe ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lweglaucoma?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lweglaucoma?
• Ngaba kuyakufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo lweglaucoma?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kwiimvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuvavanywa kweglaucoma?
• Izalathiso

Zithini iimvavanyo zeglaucoma?

Uvavanyo lweGlaucoma liqela leemvavanyo ezinceda ukufumanisa i-glaucoma, isifo seso esinokubangela ukulahleka kombono kunye nokungaboni. I-Glaucoma yenzeka xa ulwelo lusakha ngaphambili kwiliso. Umbane owongezelelekileyo ubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo lwamehlo. Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwamehlo kungonakalisa imithambo-luvo ye-optic. Iimbilini ze-optic zithwala ulwazi ukusuka kwiso ukuya kwingqondo. Xa imithambo-luvo ye-optic yonakele, oko kungakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zombono.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeglaucoma. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezi:

• I-glaucoma evulekileyo, Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-glaucoma ephambili ye-engile evulekileyo. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweglaucoma. Kwenzeka xa ulwelo oluselweni lungakhuphi ngokufanelekileyo kwimijelo yokuhambisa iliso. Ulwelo luye luxhaswe kwimisele yamanzi njengokuntywila okuxineneyo okuntyiloza okuxhaswa ngamanzi. Oku kubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo lwamehlo. I-glaucoma evulekileyo ekhulayo ikhula kancinci, kwisithuba seenyanga okanye iminyaka. Uninzi lwabantu alunazo iimpawu okanye utshintsho kumbono ekuqaleni. I-glaucoma evulekileyo ejikelezayo ihlala ichaphazela amehlo omabini ngaxeshanye.
• Iglaucoma evaliweyo, ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuvalwa kwe-engile okanye iglaucoma emxinwa. Olu hlobo lweglaucoma aluqhelekanga eMelika. Ihlala ichaphazela iliso elinye ngexesha. Kolu hlobo lweglaucoma, imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi emehlweni iyagqunywa, ngokungathi kufakwa isitampu ngaphezulu komsele. I-glaucoma evaliweyo ye-angle inokuba yinto ebukhali okanye engapheliyo.
  • I-glaucoma evaliweyo engalunganga kubangela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwamehlo. Ngxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Abantu abane-glaucoma evaliweyo evaliweyo banokulahleka umbono kumcimbi weeyure ukuba imeko ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
  • Iglaucoma engapheliyo evaliweyo ikhula kancinci. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho zimpawu de umonakalo ube mkhulu.

Zenzelwe ntoni?

Uvavanyo lweGlaucoma lusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-glaucoma. Ukuba i-glaucoma ifunyaniswa kwangoko, unokukwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukulahleka kombono.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lweglaucoma?

Ukuba une-glaucoma evulekileyo, unokungabi nazimpawu de esi sifo sibe qatha. Ke kubalulekile ukuba kuvavanywe ukuba unemingcipheko ethile. Unokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu we-glaucoma ukuba unembali yosapho ye-glaucoma okanye ukuba:

• Uneminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu. I-Glaucoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala.
• I-Hispanic kwaye ineminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu. I-Hispanics kweli qela leminyaka inobungozi obuphezulu be-glaucoma xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala abadala abanokhokho baseYurophu.
• UmMerika waseMerika. IGlaucoma ngoyena nobangela uphambili wobumfama kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika.
• EAsia. Abantu abanemvelaphi yaseAsia basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-glaucoma evaliweyo.

I-glaucoma evaliweyo inokubangela iimpawu ngesiquphe nezibi. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokubangela ubumfama. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukufiphala ngokukhawuleza kombono
• Intlungu ebukhali yamehlo
• Amehlo abomvu
• Iihalos ezinemibala ezijikeleze izibane
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, khangela uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lweglaucoma?

I-Glaucoma ihlala ifunyaniswa ineqela leemvavanyo, ezibizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwamehlo olubanzi. Ezi mviwo zihlala zenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo. Ugqirha wamehlo ngugqirha ogxile kwimpilo yamehlo nasekunyangeni nasekuthinteleni isifo samehlo.

Uvavanyo lwamehlo olubanzi lubandakanya:

• Ithemetri. Kuvavanyo lwe-tonometry, uya kuhlala kwisitulo soviwo ecaleni kwemicroscope ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba sisibane esitshiweyo. Ugqirha wamehlo wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo uya kubeka amathontsi emehlweni akho ukuze ubabambe. Emva koko uya kuphumla isilevu sakho kunye nebunzi kwisibane sokukroba. Ngelixa uncike kwisibane esisikiweyo, umboneleli wakho uya kusebenzisa isixhobo esweni lakho elibizwa ngokuba yitonometer. Isixhobo silinganisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo. Uyakuva impefumlo encinci yomoya, kodwa ayizukulimaza.
• Pachymetry. Njengakwindlela yovavanyo lweetonometri, uza kuqala ufumane amathontsi ukuze ubethe ilihlo lakho. Umboneleli wakho uya kuthi emva koko asebenzise isixhobo esincinci esweni lakho elibizwa ngokuba yi-pachymeter. Esi sixhobo silinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho. I-cornea ngumaleko weliso ongaphandle ogquma iris (inxalenye enemibala yamehlo) kunye nomfundi. I-cornea encinci ingakubeka emngciphekweni ophezulu wokufumana i-glaucoma.
• Umjikelezo, ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo, lilinganisa umbono wakho (ecaleni) wombono. Ngexesha lokujikeleza, uya kucelwa ukuba ujonge ngqo phambili kwiscreen. Ukukhanya okanye umfanekiso uya kungena kwelinye icala lesikrini. Uya kwazisa umboneleli xa ubona oku kukhanya okanye umfanekiso ngelixa ujonge phambili ngqo.
• Uvavanyo lwamehlo olucekeceke. Kolu vavanyo, umboneleli wakho uya kubeka amathontsi emehlweni akho athi andise (ahlaziye) abafundi bakho. Umboneleli wakho uya kusebenzisa isixhobo esine-lens ekhanyayo neyokukhulisa ukuze ujonge imithambo-luvo yakho yokujonga uze ujonge umonakalo.
• Gonioscopy. Kolu vavanyo, umboneleli wakho uya kubeka amathontsi emehlweni akho kubo bobabini ababhityileyo kwaye ubanciphise. Emva koko umboneleli wakho uya kubeka iilensi zonxibelelwano ezizodwa ngesandla. Iilensi zinesipili esikuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ngaphakathi kwamehlo ukusuka kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ingabonisa ukuba i-engile phakathi kwe-iris kunye ne-cornea ibanzi kakhulu (uphawu olunokubakho lwe-glaucoma evulekileyo) okanye lincinci kakhulu (uphawu olunokubakho lwe-glaucoma evaliweyo).

Ngaba kuyakufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo lweglaucoma?

Ngelixa amehlo akho evulekile, umbono wakho unokuthi ungacacanga kwaye uya kuba novakalelo ngakumbi ekukhanyeni. Ezi ziphumo zinokuhlala iiyure ezininzi kwaye ziyahluka ngokobunzima. Ukukhusela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, kuya kufuneka uzise iiglasi zelanga oza kuzinxiba emva kwexesha elimiselweyo. Kuya kufuneka wenze amalungiselelo okuba othile akugoduse, kuba umbono wakho usenokungahambi kakuhle ukuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kwiimvavanyo?

Akukho bungozi bokuvavanywa kweglaucoma. Ezinye zeemvavanyo zinokuziva zingonwabanga. Kwakhona, ukunciphisa kunokuphazamisa okwethutyana umbono wakho.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ugqirha wamehlo uza kujonga iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lweglaucoma ukuze abone ukuba uneglaucoma na. Ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba une-glaucoma, unokucebisa olunye okanye nangaphezulu kolu nyango lulandelayo:

• Iyeza ukuthoba uxinzelelo lwamehlo okanye ukwenza ukuba iliso lenze ulwelo oluncinci. Amanye amayeza athatyathwa njengamathontsi wamehlo; ezinye zikwimo yeepilisi.
• Ugqirha ukwenza ukuvulwa ngokutsha kolwelo lokushiya iliso.
• Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu yokuhambisa amanzi, olunye uhlobo lotyando. Kule nkqubo, ityhubhu yeplastiki eguquguqukayo ibekwe iliso ukunceda ukukhupha ulwelo olungaphezulu.
• Utyando lweLaser ukususa ulwelo olungaphezulu kweliso. Utyando lwe-Laser luhlala lwenziwa kwiofisi ye-ophthalmologist okanye kwiziko lotyando ngaphandle. Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokuthatha amayeza e-glaucoma emva kotyando lwe-laser.

Ukuba ufumene ukuba une-glaucoma, ugqirha wamehlo wakho uya kuthi gqolo abeke esweni umbono wakho rhoqo.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuvavanywa kweglaucoma?

Ngelixa unyango lwe-glaucoma lungasinyangi isifo okanye lubuyisele umbono osele ulahlekile, unyango lunokuthintela ukulahleka kombono okongezelelekileyo. Ukuba ufunyaniswe kwaye uphathwe kwangoko, uninzi lwabantu abane-glaucoma abayi kuba nombono olahlekileyo.

Izalathiso

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Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.