Ihlala ixesha elingakanani iCoronavirus kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo?

Umxholo

• Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-coronavirus kwimiphezulu?
• Iplastiki
• Isinyithi
• Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
• Ubhedu
• IPhepha
• Iglasi
• Ikhadibhodi
• Umthi
• Ngaba amaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma anokuchaphazela i-coronavirus?
• Kuthekani ngempahla, izihlangu, kunye nomgangatho?
• Kuthekani ngokutya namanzi?
• Ngaba i-coronavirus ingaphila ngokutya?
• Ngaba i-coronavirus inokuhlala emanzini?
• Ngaba i-coronavirus isasebenza xa ikumphezulu?
• Ucoceka njani umphezulu
• Yintoni ekufuneka uyicoce?
• Zeziphi ezona mveliso zibalaseleyo zokucoca?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, i-coronavirus entsha yaqala ukujikeleza ebantwini. Le ntsholongwane, ibizwa ngokuba yi-SARS-CoV-2, ibangela ukugula okwaziwa ngokuba yi-COVID-19.

I-SARS-CoV-2 inokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku ikwenza ikakhulu ngamathontsi okuphefumla aveliswayo xa umntu onentsholongwane ethetha, ekhohlela, okanye ethimla kufutshane nawe kwaye amathontsi ehla kuwe.

Kungenzeka ukuba ufumane i-SARS-CoV2 ukuba uchukumisa umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo emva kokuchukumisa umphezulu okanye into enentsholongwane kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akucingelwa ukuba yeyona ndlela iphambili ekusasazeni intsholongwane.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-coronavirus kwimiphezulu?

Uphando lusaqhuba kwimiba emininzi ye-SARS-CoV-2, kubandakanya nokuba ihlala ixesha elingakanani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zimbini izifundo ezipapashiweyo malunga nesi sihloko. Siza kuxoxa ngeziphumo zabo ezingezantsi.

Isifundo sokuqala sapapashwa kwiNew England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). Kolu phononongo, inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lentsholongwane ye-aerosolized isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ipapashwe kwiLancet. Kolu phando, ithontsi elinesixa esetiweyo sentsholongwane labekwa ngaphezulu.

Kwezi zifundo zombini, imiphezulu apho bekusetyenziswe khona intsholongwane ibifakwe kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Iisampulu zaqokelelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ezazisetyenziselwa ukubala ubungakanani bentsholongwane esebenzayo.

Gcina ukhumbula: Nangona i-SARS-CoV-2 inokubonwa kwezi ndawo ubude bexesha elithile, ukusebenza kwentsholongwane, ngenxa yokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye iimeko, akwaziwa.

Iplastiki

Izinto ezininzi esizisebenzisa yonke imihla zenziwe ngeplastiki. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya, kodwa ayikhawulelwanga:

• ukupakishwa kokutya
• iibhotile zamanzi kunye nezikhongozeli zobisi
• amakhadi etyala
• ulawulo olukude kunye nabalawuli bemidlalo yevidiyo
• izibane zokulayita
• Iibhodi zekhompyutha kunye ne mouse
• Amaqhosha eATM
• izinto zokudlala

Inqaku le-NEJM lifumene intsholongwane kwiplastiki ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi kuphando lweLancet bafumanise ukuba banakho ukuyifumana intsholongwane kwiplastiki ixesha elide-ukuya kwiintsuku ezisi-7.

Isinyithi

Isinyithi sisetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo esizisebenzisa yonke imihla. Ezinye zezinyithi eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya insimbi engenasici kunye nobhedu. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo

• izibambo emnyango
• iifriji
• intsimbi yesinyithi
• izitshixo
• izixhobo zokucheba
• iimbiza neepani
• izixhobo mveliso

Ubhedu

• iingqekembe
• izinto zokupheka
• ubucwebe
• iingcingo zombane

Ngelixa inqaku le-NEJM lifumanise ukuba akukho ntsholongwane inokubakho kwi-stainless steel emva kweentsuku ezi-3, abaphandi benqaku le-Lancet bafumanise intsholongwane ebonakalayo kwindawo engenazintsimbi ukuya kwiintsuku ezisi-7.

Abaphandi kwinqaku le-NEJM baphinde bavavanya ukuzinza kwentsholongwane kwiindawo zobhedu. Intsholongwane yayingazinzanga kangako kubhedu, kungekho ntsholongwane ifumanekayo emva kweeyure ezi-4 kuphela.

IPhepha

Eminye imizekelo yeemveliso eziqhelekileyo zephepha zibandakanya:

• Imali yephepha
• iileta nezinto zokubhala
• iimagazini namaphephandaba
• izihlunu
• iitawuli zamaphepha
• iphepha lethoyilethi

Isifundo seLancet sifumanise ukuba akukho ntsholongwane inokufumaneka kwiphepha lokuprinta okanye iphepha leethishu emva kweeyure ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane inokufunyanwa kwimali ephepheni kangangeentsuku ezi-4.

Iglasi

Eminye imizekelo yezinto zeglasi esizichukumisa yonke imihla zibandakanya:

• iifestile
• izibuko
• okusela
• izikrini zeTV, iikhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones

Inqaku leLancet lafumanisa ukuba akukho ntsholongwane inokufunyanwa kwindawo yeglasi emva kweentsuku ezi-4.

Ikhadibhodi

Eminye imiphezulu yekhadibhodi onokuthi udibane nayo ibandakanya izinto ezifana nokupakisha ukutya kunye neebhokisi zokuhambisa.

Isifundo se-NEJM sifumanise ukuba akukho ntsholongwane inokufumaneka kwikhadibhodi emva kweeyure ezingama-24.

Umthi

Izinto ezenziwe ngomthi esizifumana kumakhaya ethu zihlala zizinto ezinje ngeetafile, ifanitshala kunye neshelfu.

Abaphandi kwinqaku leLancet bafumanise ukuba intsholongwane ebonakalayo evela kwindawo yomthi ayinakufunyanwa emva kweentsuku ezimbini.

Ngaba amaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma anokuchaphazela i-coronavirus?

Iintsholongwane ngokuqinisekileyo zinokuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC), phila ixesha elifutshane kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu nakumanqanaba okufuma.

Umzekelo, kolunye uluvo oluvela kwinqaku leLancet, i-SARS-CoV-2 yahlala izinzile kakhulu xa ifukanywe nge-4 ° C ngokukaCelsius (malunga ne-39 ° F).

Nangona kunjalo, ibingasebenzi ngokukhawuleza xa ifakwe kwi-70 ° C (158 ° F).

Kuthekani ngempahla, izihlangu, kunye nomgangatho?

Ukuzinza kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kwilaphu nako kwavavanywa ngaphambili. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba intsholongwane esebenzayo ayinakufumaneka kwilaphu emva kweentsuku ezimbini.

Ngokubanzi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuhlamba iimpahla zakho ngalo lonke ixesha uphuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awukwazanga ukugcina umgama ofanelekileyo womzimba kwabanye, okanye ukuba umntu ukhohlele okanye wathimla kufutshane nawe, licebo elihle ukuhlamba iimpahla zakho.

Uphononongo lwezifo eziThathamayo eziSasazekayo zavavanywa ukuba zeziphi iindawo esibhedlele ezazintle nge-SARS-CoV-2. Inani eliphezulu lezinto ezintle zafunyanwa kwiisampulu zomgangatho. Isiqingatha seesampulu kwizicathulo zabasebenzi base-ICU saye savavanywa sikho.

Ayaziwa ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ingaphila ixesha elingakanani kwimigangatho nakwizihlangu. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga noku, cinga ngokususa izihlangu zakho kumnyango wangaphambili nje xa ufika ekhaya. Ungazisula iintambo zezihlangu zakho ngosula iintsholongwane emva kokuphuma.

Kuthekani ngokutya namanzi?

Ngaba i-coronavirus entsha ingaphila kukutya kwethu okanye emanzini okusela? Masiqwalasele ngakumbi esi sihloko.

Ngaba i-coronavirus ingaphila ngokutya?

I-CDC iqaphela ukuba ii-coronaviruses, njengeqela leentsholongwane, ngokubanzi kwimveliso yokutya kunye nokupakishwa. Nangona kunjalo, bayavuma ukuba kuya kufuneka ulumke ngelixa uphethe ukutya okupakishwe okungcolileyo.

Ngokwe-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA), kungokunje ukutya okanye ukupakishwa kokutya kunxulunyaniswa nokudluliselwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2. Bayakuqaphela ukuba kusabalulekile ukulandela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ukutya.

Kuhlala kungumgaqo olungileyo wokuhlamba iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ngokutsha ngamanzi acocekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba uceba ukuzitya ziluhlaza. Ungafuna ukusebenzisa iintsholongwane xa usula izinto ozithengileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha kunye namanzi ashushu kwiimeko ezinxulumene nokutya. Oku kubandakanya:

• emva kokuphatha nokugcina ukutya
• ngaphambi nasemva kokulungisa ukutya
• ngaphambi kokutya

Ngaba i-coronavirus inokuhlala emanzini?

Ayaziwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ingaphila ixesha elingakanani emanzini. Nangona kunjalo, kuphandwe ukusinda kwe-coronavirus yomntu oqhelekileyo kumanzi empompo acocekileyo.

Olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba amanqanaba e-coronavirus ehla ngeepesenti ezingama-99.9 emva kweentsuku ezili-10 kwiqondo lokushisa lamanzi. I-coronavirus eyavavanywa yayizinzile kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi emanzini kwaye yayingazinzanga kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu.

Ke oko kuthetha ntoni ukusela amanzi? Khumbula ukuba iinkqubo zethu zamanzi zinyanga amanzi ethu okusela ngaphambi kokuba siwasele, ekufuneka engasebenzi intsholongwane. Ngokwe-CDC, i-SARS-CoV-2 emanzini okusela.

Ngaba i-coronavirus isasebenza xa ikumphezulu?

Ngenxa yokuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ikhona kumphezulu akuthethi ukuba uza kuyithenga. Kodwa kutheni kanye kanye oku?

Iintsholongwane ezigutyungelweyo ezinje ngee-coronaviruses zibuthathaka kakhulu kwimeko yendalo kwaye zinokuphulukana nozinzo ngokukhawuleza ekuhambeni kwexesha. Oko kuthetha ukuba amasuntswana egciwane kumphezulu womhlaba aya kuphelelwa lixesha njengoko ixesha lihamba.

Umzekelo, kuphononongo lozinzo lwe-NEJM, intsholongwane esebenzayo ifunyenwe kwintsimbi engenasici ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezi-3. Nangona kunjalo, inani elichanekileyo lentsholongwane (titer) kwafunyaniswa ukuba lehle kakhulu emva kweeyure ezingama-48 kule ndawo.

Nangona kunjalo, musa ukulahla umlindi wakho okwangoku. Isixa se-SARS-CoV-2 esifunekayo ukuseka usulelo. Ngenxa yoku, kusabalulekile ukuba ulumke ngezinto ezinokubangcoliseka okanye umphezulu.

Ucoceka njani umphezulu

Kuba i-SARS-CoV-2 inokuhlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngeeyure ezininzi ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okucoca iindawo kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zidibane nentsholongwane.

Ke ungayicoca njani ngokufanelekileyo indawo ekhayeni lakho? Landela ezi ngcebiso zingezantsi.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyicoce?

Gxila kumgangatho ophezulu wokuchukumisa. Ezi zizinto wena okanye abanye abendlu yakho abazibamba rhoqo ngexesha lemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Iibhokhwe zomnyango
• ukuphatha izinto zombane, njenge-oveni kunye nefriji
• izibane zokulayita
• ompompi nezinki
• izindlu zangasese
• iitafile kunye needesika
• imiphezulu yeetafile
• izinyuko izitepsi
• Iibhodi zekhompyutha kunye nempuku yecomputer
• izinto zombane eziphathwayo, ezinje ngeefowuni, iipilisi, kunye nabalawuli bemidlalo yevidiyo

Coca ezinye iindawo, izinto, kunye nempahla njengoko kufuneka okanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba zingcolisekile.

Ukuba kuyenzeka, zama ukunxiba iiglavu ezilahlwayo ngelixa ucoca. Qiniseka ukuba uzilahlile kwakamsinya nje ukuba ugqibile.

Ukuba awunayo iiglavu, qiniseka nje ukuba uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ashushu emva kokuba ugqibile ukucoca.

Zeziphi ezona mveliso zibalaseleyo zokucoca?

NgokweCDC, unokusebenzisa ukucoca iindawo ezisendlwini. Landela umkhombandlela kwileyibhile kwaye usebenzise kuphela ezi mveliso kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.

Isisombululo se-bleach sasekhaya sinokusetyenziswa xa kufanelekile. Ukudibanisa isisombululo sakho se-bleach, i-CDC isebenzisa nokuba:

• I-1/3 indebe ye-bleach nganye ngegalari yamanzi
• 4 iitisipuni zeblitshi ngekota nganye yamanzi

Sebenzisa ukhathalelo ngelixa ucoca i-elektroniki. Ukuba imiyalelo yomvelisi ayifumaneki, sebenzisa ukosula okusekwe etywaleni okanye ukutshiza i-ethanol yeepesenti ezingama-70 ukucoca i-elektroniki. Qiniseka ukuba uzomisa kakuhle ukuze ulwelo lungaqokeleli ngaphakathi kwesixhobo.

Xa uhlamba impahla, unokusebenzisa isepha yakho yesiqhelo. Zama ukusebenzisa isethingi yamanzi ashushu afanelekileyo kuhlobo lweempahla ozihlambayo. Vumela iimpahla ezihlanjwe ukuba zome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba uzilahle.

Umgca wezantsi

Izifundo ezimbalwa zenziwe ukuba i-coronavirus entsha, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SARS-CoV-2, inokuhlala kumhlaba ongaphezulu. Intsholongwane iqhubeka ixesha elide kwiplastiki nakwimigangatho yentsimbi engenasici. Ayizinzanga kangako kwilaphu, ephepheni nakwikhadibhodi.

Asazi okwangoku ukuba intsholongwane ingahlala njani ekutyeni nasemanzini. Nangona kunjalo, khange zibekho iimeko ezibhaliweyo ze-COVID-19 ezinxulunyaniswa nokutya, ukupakishwa kokutya, okanye amanzi okusela.

Nangona i-SARS-CoV-2 inokungasebenzi kwiiyure ukuya kwiintsuku, eyona idosi inokukhokelela kusulelo ayisaziwa. Kusabalulekile ukugcina ucoceko oluchanekileyo lwezandla kwaye ucoce ngokufanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukuchukumisa okuphezulu okanye okunokubakho kungcoliseka kwendlu.